Koszalin

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Koszalin
Koszalin
Koszalin coat of arms
Köslin Koszalin (Poland)
Koszalin Koszalin
Koszalin
Koszalin
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : West Pomerania
Powiat : District-free city
Area : 83.20  km²
Geographic location : 54 ° 11 '  N , 16 ° 11'  E Coordinates: 54 ° 11 '25 "  N , 16 ° 10' 54"  E
Height : 32 m npm
Residents : 107,981 (06/30/2015)
Postal code : 75-016 to 75-903
Telephone code : (+48) 94
License plate : ZK, ZKO
Economy and Transport
Street : DK 6 ( Szczecin - Gdansk )
DK 11 ( Kołobrzeg - Bytom )
Ext. 167 (Koszalin– Ogartowo )
Rail route : PKP lines 202: Danzig – Stargard
402: Koszalin – Goleniów
Next international airport : Szczecin-Goleniów
Gmina
Gminatype: Big city
Residents: 107,225
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Community number  ( GUS ): 3261011
Administration (as of 2015)
City President : Piotr Jedliński
Address: Rynek Staromiejski 6-7
75-007 Koszalin
Website : www.koszalin.pl



Koszalin [ koˈʂalʲin ], German  Köslin , is a city in the Polish West Pomeranian Voivodeship with around 108,000 inhabitants . The second largest city in the voivodeship after Szczecin is a regiopole and has a high regional transport and economic importance. The independent city is the seat of the Powiat Koszaliński ( Kösliner Kreis ).

Geographical location

The city is located in Western Pomerania , about 151 kilometers northeast of the city of Szczecin and 193 kilometers west of the city of Gdansk . Twelve kilometers to the north is the Pomeranian compensation coast, upstream of which the Jamunder Lake with the two seaside resorts of Mielno (Groß Möllen) and Łazy ( Laase ) is located.

In the east and south, the city is surrounded by large forest areas, in which the 137 meter high Gollenberg (Góra Chełmska) rises.

history

City view of Coesslin on the large map of Lubin from 1618
Monument to King Friedrich Wilhelm I (destroyed in 1945)
Koszalin Town Hall, built after World War II
St. Mary's Cathedral Church
Registry office
'House of the Executioner', today (2008) houses a language studio
Evangelical Gertraudenkapelle
Gollenberg ( Góra Chełmska ) east of the city

13th to 18th centuries

The place was first mentioned in 1214 as the village of Cossalitz in a deed of donation in which Duke Bogislaw II of Pomerania gave the place to the Belbuck monastery . In 1248 Cossalitz came to the diocese of Cammin . In the course of the German colonization in the east , the bishop of Cammin , Count Hermann von Gleichen , together with the Germans Marquardt and Hartmann, founded the city of Cussalin on May 23, 1266 , according to Lübischen city law . From around 1300 the area around Köslin was also settled by German farmers.

During the end of the Middle Ages, Köslin remained with the diocese of Cammin and was under the sovereignty of the sub-principality of Pomerania-Wolgast from 1356 to 1417/1422 . Köslin was on the important trade route from Stettin to Danzig and became a Hanseatic city . In 1447 Köslin had a successful military conflict with the larger Kolberg , which was more influential in the Hanseatic League and also belonged to Cammin . 1486 came Köslin with Cammin again under ducal-Pomeranian and thus Brandenburg suzerainty.

The city fire of 1504 initiated the decline of the city. In 1516 the city council issued an arbitrary decision prohibiting the use of the Slavic language for negotiations in the city market. In 1530 the Duchy of Pomerania became directly part of the empire . In 1534 the city became Protestant through the introduction of the Reformation in Pomerania, 11 years later the first Protestant bishop of Cammin, Bartholomäus Suave , took office. In 1556, Cammin became Pomeranian secondary school and Köslin became the prince- bishop 's residence after the installation of Duke Philip I's son Johann Friedrich as titular bishop. Johann Friedrich had a Renaissance castle built from 1569 to 1574, in which the dukes of Pomerania-Stettin resided as bishops of Cammin until 1622. Several plague epidemics and the Thirty Years War weakened the importance of Köslin further.

With the landing of Gustav Adolf at the Oder estuary in 1630, Pomerania with Köslin came under Swedish influence and in 1638 under Swedish administration.

With the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, Köslin came to the Elector of Brandenburg with Hinterpommern , whom the Emperor had enfeoffed with Pomerania during the war after the griffin dukes had died out.

The now Prussian city was again almost completely destroyed by fire in 1718, but it was rebuilt a few years with the help of King Friedrich Wilhelm I , who also set up the court in Köslin in 1720 for the Pomeranian hinterland . As a thank you, the Pomeranian estates dedicated a memorial in Köslin to him. In 1747 the Köslin Consistory was established, the judicial and administrative authority of the Evangelical Lutheran Church responsible for the Pomeranian hinterland.

19th to 21st century

In 1807 Köslin was under French occupation, but remained Prussian during the entire Napoleonic period.

The Prussian administrative reforms in 1816, the city Cöslin (then spelled) was county seat of district Koszalin and 1848 the seat of the provincial government of the administrative district of Koszalin in the Prussian province of Pomerania .

From 1858 to 1878 the railway from Stettin via Köslin and Stolp to Gdansk was built.

With the dissolution of the principality district on September 1, 1872, Cöslin became the seat of the district administrator for the new Cöslin district (December 13, 1872). The cadet school founded by Frederick the Great in 1776 was moved from Culm in West Prussia to Cöslin in 1890.

  • City arms from 1266 to the 15th century

  • City arms from the 15th century to 1938 with a Johannis bowl .

  • City arms from 1938 with Wolfsangel , designed by Otto Hupp (used in modified form until 1959)

Around 1900 Köslin had a cadet house (until 1890 in Culm ), a grammar school, a Protestant school teacher seminar, an institution for the deaf and dumb, an agricultural winter school, a number of different factories and production facilities and was the seat of a regional court .

In 1911 the city opened a municipal electric tram, which was expanded into the Köslin city and beach tram in 1913 . As early as 1937/38 this railway was replaced by omnibuses. In 1924, the Traugott Onnasch vehicle factory in Köslin built small cars for a short time .

In the 1920s the name Cöslin was changed to Köslin. On April 1, 1923, the municipality of Köslin left the Köslin district and formed its own urban district until the reorganization after the Second World War .

Around 1930 the district of the city of Köslin had an area of ​​86.7 km², and in the city area there were a total of 1843 houses in 22 different places of residence.

  1. On the Kickelberg
  2. Augustenthal
  3. Hammerwald Chausseehaus
  4. Chausseehaus Kluss
  5. Forsthaus Buchwald
  6. Forsthaus Gollenberg
  7. Hammerwald Forestry House
  8. Forest house Kluss
  9. Friedrich-Wilhelm suburb
  10. Gollenthurm
  11. Hohetor suburb
  12. Koslin
  13. Mühlentor suburb
  14. Neuetor suburb
  15. Niedermühle
  16. Kluss paper mill
  17. Radeland
  18. City courtyard
  19. Wilhelmshof
  20. Wilhelmsthal
  21. Klitzke brickworks
  22. Treptow brickworks

In 1925 there were 28,812 inhabitants in the city of Köslin, including 706 Catholics and 170 Jews, who were spread over 7736 households.

The introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitution Act of December 15, 1933 led to a uniform municipal constitution from January 1, 1934. The previous municipality of Köslin was given the name city . With the introduction of the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, a new uniform municipal constitution came into force in the German Reich on April 1, 1935.

Until 1945, Köslin was the capital of the Köslin administrative district in the Prussian province of Pomerania in the German Empire .

From the end of January 1945, towards the end of the Second World War , when the Red Army , which broke through near Warsaw, threatened to cut off East Prussia from the rest of Germany, refugees from East and West Prussia , around 65,000 people, moved westwards through Köslin towards Stettin. In mid-February, after reaching the Oder near Küstrin , the Soviet high command decided to occupy Pomerania as far as the Baltic Sea on the next train. After the breakthrough at Konitz to the north, Soviet troops were in Koslin on March 3rd.

On March 5, 1945, the Red Army occupied Köslin and burned down the inner city, with around 40% of the building material being destroyed. Then she subordinated Köslin to the administration of the People's Republic of Poland . This renamed the place in Koszalin . The inhabitants who did not flee from the Red Army or who returned in the spring of 1945 were expelled until 1947 and replaced by Poles .

For a short time, Köslin was the seat of the new Polish provincial administration for all of Western Pomerania . After Stettin was placed under Polish administration, the provincial administration was transferred there in 1946.

In 1950 the city became the capital of the Koszalin Voivodeship , which was abolished in 1998 as part of the administrative reform and incorporated into the new West Pomeranian Voivodeship .

Population development

year Residents Remarks
1740 2,535
1782 2,933 including 47 Jews
1791 3,071 including 47 Jews
1794 3,286 including 47 Jews
1812 3,802 including 13 Catholics and 28 Jews
1816 4,636 17 Catholics and 60 Jews
1831 6,541 including 50 Catholics and 104 Jews
1843 8,114 78 Catholics and 210 Jews
1852 9,298 including 61 Catholics and 242 Jews
1861 11.303 113 Catholics and 278 Jews
1890 17,810 including 492 Catholics and 323 Jews
1900 20,417 with the garrison (a battalion of 54 infantry ), of which 597 were Catholics and 251 Jews
1925 28,812 including 706 Catholics and 170 Jews
1933 30,389 thereof 28,996 Evangelicals, 666 Catholics, two other Christians and 123 Jews
1939 31,937 thereof 29,112 Evangelicals, 961 Catholics, 704 other Christians and 25 Jews

City structure

The independent city of Koszalin is divided into 17 districts ( osiedla , literally "settlements"):

  1. Bukowe
  2. Jedliny
  3. in the. Tadeusza Kotarbińskiego
  4. Lechitów
  5. Lubiatowo
  6. Morskie
  7. Well, Skarpie
  8. Nowobramskie
  9. Rokosowo (Rogzow)
  10. in the. Jana i Jędrzeja Śniadeckich
  11. Śródmieście
  12. Tysiąclecia
  13. in the. Melchiora Wańkowicza
  14. Wspólny Cathedral
  15. Unii Europejskiej
  16. Raduszka
  17. Jamno –Łabusz (Jamund-Labus)

Religions

The majority of the population of Köslin was Protestant from the Reformation until the end of the war in 1945. At the beginning of the 20th century Köslin had two Protestant churches, a Catholic church, an apostolic church and a synagogue .

The Polish migrants who immigrated after the end of the war in 1945 belonged to the Roman Catholic Polish Church.

The Poles living in Köslin today are organized in the Catholic Church in Poland . Since 1972 the city has been the bishopric of the Koszalin-Kołobrzeg diocese . On July 1, 1991 Pope John Paul II visited the city.

The Evangelicals are affiliated to the Evangelical Augsburg Church in Poland (Lutheran). Their church services take place in the Gertrudenkapelle , which was assigned to the parish of the diocese of Pomerania-Greater Poland (seat in Sopot ) of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland .

traffic

State roads DK 6 (former German Reichsstraße 2 , today also Europastraße 28 ) and DK 11 (former Reichsstraße 160 ) cross in the city. In addition, the provincial road 167 to the south and the province road 206 to the east begin in the city .

The city is the railway junction of the Polish State Railways (PKP). PKP lines 202 ( Gdańsk – Stargard (Stargard in Pomerania – Danzig) ) and 402 ( Goleniów – Koszalin (Gollnow – Köslin) ) run here. The nearest airport is in Szczecin-Goleniów .

politics

City President

A city ​​president is at the head of the city administration . Since 2010 this has been Piotr Jedliński ( PO ). The 2018 elections brought the following results:

Jedliński was thus re-elected in the first ballot.

City council

The city council consists of 25 members and is directly elected. The 2018 city council election led to the following result:

Partnerships

Koszalin maintains relationships with twelve twin cities , which are:

city country since
Albano Laziale Albano Laziale-Stemma.png ItalyItaly Lazio, Italy 2008
Bourges Blason de Bourges, svg FranceFrance Center-Val de Loire, France 1999
Fuzhou China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China Fujian, People's Republic of China 2007
Gladsaxe Gladsaxe Kommune shield.png DenmarkDenmark Hovedstaden, Denmark 1990
Ivano-Frankivsk Ivano-Frankivsk coa.png UkraineUkraine Ukraine 2010
Kristianstad Kristianstad vapen.svg SwedenSweden Skåne, Sweden 2004
Lida Coat of Arms of Lidy, Belarus.svg BelarusBelarus Hrodna, Belarus 1993
Neubrandenburg DEU Neubrandenburg COA.svg GermanyGermany Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany 1987
Neumunster Coat of arms neumuenster.svg GermanyGermany Schleswig-Holstein, Germany 1990
Roermond NetherlandsNetherlands Limburg, Netherlands
Schwedt / Oder Coat of arms of the city of Schwedt.svg GermanyGermany Brandenburg, Germany 2004
Seinäjoki Seinäjoki.vaakuna.svg FinlandFinland South Ostrobothnia, Finland 1988
Tempelhof-Schöneberg Coat of arms of borough Tempelhof-Schoeneberg.svg GermanyGermany Berlin, Germany 1995
Trakai Trakai (Lithuania) CoA.svg LithuaniaLithuania Vilnius, Lithuania 2019

Sponsorship

The city of Minden took over the sponsorship for the city of Köslin in 1953 , in the sense of a sponsorship for the expelled Kösliner. The sponsorship continues to this day.

Culture and sights

Historic buildings

Köslin main post office
  • The Catholic Cathedral of St. Mary was a Protestant parish church from 1534 to 1945. The three-aisled basilica from the brick Gothic was built between 1300 and 1333. The 57 meter high front tower is crowned by a pyramid roof with a baroque lantern. From the historical interior only the statues of the Gothic high altar remained, the four larger than life sculptures of the Madonna , John the Evangelist and the bishops Adalbert of Prague and Otto von Bamberg were placed in the choir. The remainder, attached to a steel frame, form a modern altar. The cathedral organ, an instrument by Schlag & Söhne from Schweidnitz from 1899 with 50 stops - which is built into a neo-Gothic prospect from 1842 - is a well-known concert organ in the region.
  • The modern town hall of Köslin from 1960 to 1962 stands diagonally opposite the site of the old town hall on the market square, which was destroyed in 1945.
  • The octagonal Gertraudenkapelle was built in 1383 in the Gothic style and serves as a place of worship for the Protestant community.
  • Castle Church: The Gothic core building of the Castle Church, which was built around the turn of the 14th to the 15th century, was originally the monastery church of the Cistercian Sisters , who had their seat in Köslin between 1278 and the 50s of the 16th century. The church was redesigned several times in the following centuries, the conversion to the castle church took place from 1602 to 1609. In the 19th century, the church was finally redesigned in a neo-Gothic style. Today the church is used by an Orthodox community.
  • The preserved remains of the medieval ring-shaped city wall from the 14th century, which was originally 1,600 m long and had three city gates and 46 watch towers.
  • Some town houses also show their Gothic origins. For example the registry office or the hangman's house , a city-owned building in which the executioner's family lived (executions were carried out in public places in Köslin until the 19th century).
  • The Müllerpalast, which was built between 1880 and 1897; it now houses a museum.
  • The St. Josef Church, a neo-Gothic brick building that was built in 1868 for the Catholic community founded in 1857.
  • The main post office building, a neo-Gothic brick building from 1884 and the seat of the post office until 1943.
  • The neo-Gothic building of the polyclinic.
  • The building of the Köslin State Archives, a neo-Gothic brick building. In the former Prussian state archive of the administrative district of Köslin today u. a. Pomeranian land register files and parish registers from the time before the Second World War kept.
  • The brewery complex, a neo-Gothic brick building.

Natural monuments

  • The witch tree , a sycamore maple on the Great Wall.

Personalities

Honorary citizen

  • Karl Adolf Lorenz (1837–1923), German musician and composer, city music director in Stettin, made an honorary citizen in 1910

sons and daughters of the town

Personalities who have worked in the city

  • George Bogislav von Bonin (1701–1764), Prussian legal counsel, President of the court in Köslin from 1749 to 1764
  • Ewald George von Pirch (1728–1797), Prussian legal counsel, president of the court in Köslin from 1769 to 1797
  • August Gottlieb Ludwig Hering (1736–1770), German lawyer, court judge in Köslin and poet of evangelical sacred songs
  • Paul Brandt (~ 1753–?), Prussian lawyer, Mayor of Köslin from 1776 to 1787
  • Johann Ernst Benno (1777–1848), German writer, worked as a government official in Köslin
  • August Ernst Braun (1783–1859), German lawyer, police director and mayor of Köslin
  • Heinrich Beitzke (1798–1867), German military writer, lived in Köslin after leaving the army
  • Friedrich Röder , (1808–1870), German philologist and grammar school teacher, director of the grammar school in Köslin from 1861 until his death
  • Ludwig Josephson (1809–1877), German Evangelical Lutheran. Pastor, editor and writer, from 1858–1863 rector of the teachers' college in Köslin
  • Rudolf Virchow (1821–1902), a doctor, attended the Köslin grammar school from May 1835 to Easter 1839
  • Bernhard Presting (1831–1908), German religious educator, worked as a school councilor in Köslin
  • Rudolf Hanncke (1844–1904), German historian, professor at the high school in Köslin
  • Vally von Rüxleben (1864–1941), German writer, lived in Köslin from 1890 to 1902
  • Hermann Kasten (1866–1946), German teacher, local researcher and poet, was the school principal in Köslin
  • Walther Zubke (1882 – after 1934), German lawyer and politician (DNVP), worked as a lawyer in Köslin since 1911 and became head of the city council and member of the state parliament
  • Richard Schallock (1896–1956), German politician (SPD, later SED), worked in Köslin during the Weimar Republic and was Mayor of Köslin in May and June 1945
  • Paul Dahlke (1904–1984), German actor, grew up in Köslin
  • Dietrich Bonhoeffer (1906–1945), German Lutheran theologian, continued the illegal vicar training for the Confessing Church from 1937 to 1939 in Köslin and Groß Schlönwitz

See also

literature

Digitized older titles

  • Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Duchy of Pomerania and the Principality of Rügen . Part III, Volume 1, Anklam 1867, pp. 169-222.
  • Gustav Kratz : The cities of the province of Pomerania, outline of their history, mostly according to documents . Bath, Berlin 1865, pp. 71-80 ( full text ).
  • Johann Ernst Benno : The history of the city of Köslin from its foundation to the present day - edited according to documents and reliable sources . Köslin 1840, approx. 360 pages ( online ).
  • Johann Ernst Fabri : Geography for all classes . Part I, Volume 4, Leipzig 1793, pp. 518-523 ( full text ).
  • Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann (ed.): Detailed description of the current state of the Royal Prussian Duchy of Western and Western Pomerania . Part II, Volume 2, Stettin 1784, pp. 497-518 ( online )
  • Christian Wilhelm Haken : An attempt at a diplomatic history of the Royal Prussian Immediate and former royal and episcopal residence town of Cößlin since it was established five hundred years ago. Lemgo 1765, continued 1767 ( online ).

Newer titles

Web links

Commons : Koszalin  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Koszalin  - travel guide
Wikisource: Cößlin in the Topographia Electoratus Brandenburgici et Ducatus Pomeraniae (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Główny Urząd Statystyczny, online query as Excel file: Portret miejscowości statystycznych w gminie Police (powiat policki, województwo zachodniopomorskie) w 2013 r. Update of the 2011 census (Polish, accessed on January 21, 2016)
  2. ↑ population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  3. ^ City website, Prezydent Miasta Koszalina , accessed February 24, 2015
  4. ^ Klaus Conrad (arrangement): Pommersches Urkundenbuch . Volume 1, 2nd edition, Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Vienna 1970, No. 163.
  5. ↑ Klaus Herbers, Nikolas Jaspert (ed.), Border areas and border crossings in comparison: The East and the West of medieval Latin Europe , Berlin 2007, p. 86, ISBN 3-05-004155-2
  6. ↑ Köslin / Koszalin. Common symbols. Information on the coat of arms in the online lexicon on the culture and history of Germans in Eastern Europe at the University of Oldenburg
  7. ↑ Sebastian Zbigniew Kempisty: Herby Koszalina (The coat of arms of Köslin)
  8. ^ Home district of Köslin in Pomerania: Köslin - Culture and Churches
  9. ↑ Zdzisław Pacholski: Herby Koszalina (The coat of arms of Köslin)
  10. ↑ a b c Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 7, Leipzig / Vienna 197, p. 526.
  11. ↑ a b c Gunthard Stübs and Pomeranian Research Association: The city of Köslin in the former Köslin district in Pomerania (2011)
  12. ↑ Peter Gosztony (Ed.): The fight for Berlin 1945 in eyewitness reports. First edition: Karl Rauch Verlag, Düsseldorf 1970, quoted here from: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, Munich 1985, p. 89.
  13. ^ A b c d e f g h i Gustav Kratz : The cities of the province of Pomerania, outline of their history, mostly according to documents . Berlin 1965, p.77 .
  14. ↑ Christian Friedrich Wutstrack (Ed.): Short historical, geographical, statistical description of the royal Prussian duchy of Western and Western Pomerania . Stettin 1793, overview table on p. 736.
  15. ^ A b c Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. koeslin.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  16. ^ Result on the website of the election commission, called on August 12, 2020.
  17. ↑ Result on the website of the election commission, accessed on August 12, 2020.
  18. ↑ Miasta partnerskie ǀ Serwis Urzedu Miejskiego w Koszalinie. Retrieved December 6, 2016 .
  19. ↑ koeslin.org
  20. ↑ Sponsorship on the website of the city of Minden.
  21. ↑ See koeslin.org ; down. on August 25, 2008
  22. ↑ See katedra.koszalin.pl ( Memento of the original from May 6, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; down. on August 25, 2008. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.katedra.koszalin.pl
  23. ↑ Cf. organy.art.pl ( Memento of the original from June 24, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; down. on August 25, 2008. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.organy.art.pl
  24. ^ The Pomeranian Newspaper . No. 26/2014, p. 7.
  25. ^ Heinz Otremba: Rudolf Virchow. Founder of cellular pathology. A documentation. Echter-Verlag, Würzburg 1991, p. 7.