Góra Chełmska

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Góra Chełmska
View from the west

View from the west

height 137  m npm
location Polish West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Mountains Pomeranian ridge
Coordinates 54 ° 12 ′ 0 ″  N , 16 ° 14 ′ 0 ″  E Coordinates: 54 ° 12 ′ 0 ″  N , 16 ° 14 ′ 0 ″  E
Góra Chełmska (West Pomerania)
Góra Chełmska

The Góra Chełmska (German Gollen , also Gollenberg ) is an elevation east of Koszalin (Köslin) in the Polish West Pomeranian Voivodeship . On the highest peak, the Krzyżanka (Kreuzberg) , it reaches a height of 137  m npm

geography

The hill in Hinterpommern , located between Köslin and Zanow , west of the Nestbach , is an extension of the Pomeranian ridge . It rises spectacularly from the surrounding flat landscape.

history

Gollen was first mentioned in 1214 under the name Cholin , in a document with which the Pomeranian Duke Bogislaw II awarded the village of Köslin "iuxta Cholin" ("am Gollen") to the Belbuck Monastery . In 1263 there was a parish church on the mountain top, which was probably downgraded to a chapel in 1278 . As the Marienkapelle on the Gollen, this was an important place of pilgrimage until the Reformation , as was the Revekol and the so-called holy mountain near Pollnow in Western Pomerania at that time . At the same time, her tower served as a navigation mark . Probably in the first half of the 14th century, a burning lantern was hung on the tower at night, which served as a leading light. With this navigation aid , ships were able to find the entrance from the Baltic Sea to the Jamunder See in the dark , which at that time was a natural harbor for the city of Köslin .

The chapel was destroyed around 1530. A crucifix from the chapel was hung over the drapery stalls of the Köslin cathedral. At the end of the 18th century, two gilded monstrances made of copper were stored in the town hall of Köslin , which had been found on the Gollen and which probably also belonged to the chapel.

Towards the end of the 18th century, the following six forestry areas were distinguished on the Gollenberg:

  • Hammerwald ,
  • Spreinsberg ,
  • by land ,
  • Königswiese ,
  • Lütkehorst and the
  • Rickel .

The top of the Gollenberg, on which the chapel had stood, was called Fahnenberg because students from Köslin had put up a tree there every year in the period 1667–1741 to hoist a flag.

former memorial for the fallen Pomeranians

In 1829 a memorial in the form of a cross was erected on the Gollen for the Pomeranians who fell in the wars of liberation against Napoleon 1813–1815. The monument consisted of an octagonal cross on a two-tiered, octagonal base. The cross took on the shape of the cross at Ottobrunnen near Pyritz , which was erected in 1824 based on a design by Karl Friedrich Schinkel . Schinkel had also made two designs for the monument on the Gollen, but they were never realized. The crest on which the cross stood was named Kreuzberg from this . In 1980 the People's Republic of Poland had the Gollenkreuz removed.

A lookout tower with a height of 31.5 meters was built near the Gollenkreuz in 1888.

At the foot of the mountain there is a monument to the Polish November Uprising . The inscription is translated into German: “Fly our eagle, at high speed, for the glory of Poland, in the service of the world. The Polish soldiers - the November insurgents who were interned by the Prussian powers in 1831, the builders of the road across the Gollenberg ”.

literature

  • Christian Wilhelm Haken : An attempt at a diplomatic history of the Royal Prussian Immediate and former royal and episcopal residence town of Cößlin since it was established five hundred years ago. Lemgo 1765, continued 1767, pp. 33-39.
  • Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Duchy of Pomerania and the Principality of Rügen . Part III, Volume 1, Anklam 1867, pp. 212-214.
  • Johannes Hinz : Pomerania guide through an unforgettable country . Adam Kraft, Würzburg 1991, ISBN 3-8083-1195-9 , pp. 117-118
  • Martin Wehrmann : History of Pomerania . 2 volumes. 2nd Edition. Friedrich Andreas Perthes, Gotha 1919–21. Reprint: Weltbild Verlag, Augsburg 1992, ISBN 3-89350-112-6 , vol. 1 p. 184, vol. 2 p. 15, 296.

Web links

Commons : Góra Chełmska  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ^ Klaus Conrad (arrangement): Pommersches Urkundenbuch . Volume 1. 2nd edition. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne and Vienna 1970, No. 163.
  2. Christian Friedrich Wutstrack , Ed .: Short historical-geographical-statistical description of the royal Prussian duchy of Western and Western Pomerania . Stettin 1793, p. 717.
  3. Wutstrack (1793), loc. cit. , Pp. 212-213, footnote 331.
  4. Wutstrack (1793), loc. cit. , P. 212.
  5. Wutstrack (1793), loc. cit. , P. 212, footnote 331.
  6. ^ Eva Börsch-Supan: The first draft for the monument on the Gollen. In: Pomerania. Journal of Culture and History. Issue 1/2012, ISSN  0032-4167 , pp. 9-12.
  7. Ernst Bahr, Roderich Schmidt : Gollenberg . In: Helge bei der Wieden , Roderich Schmidt (Hrsg.): Handbook of the historical sites of Germany . Volume 12: Mecklenburg / Pomerania (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 315). Kröner, Stuttgart 1996, ISBN 3-520-31501-7 , pp. 189-190.
  8. ^ The Pomeranian Newspaper . No. 30/2010, p. 7.