Holy Spirit Church (Kiel)

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The church of the Kiel monastery on an engraving by Georg Braun and Franz Hogenberg 1588
around 1885
after the renovation in 1891
Ernst Barlach's ghost fighter at the new location in front of the Nicolaikirche
1865 View from today's corner of Ziegelteich / Andreas-Gayk-Straße / Sophienblatt / Stresemannplatz in the direction of the old market, on the left on the horizon the roof turret of the Heiligengeistkirche

The Heiligengeistkirche or Heiliggeistkirche stood between Falckstrasse and Klosterkirchhof on the Alter Markt in Kiel from 1246 to 1943 . As the church of the Kiel monastery , it was also called the monastery church . For centuries it was the only place of worship in the city next to the Nikolaikirche ( St. Jürgen's Church was outside the medieval city).

history

In 1227 Count Adolf IV von Schauenburg founded the city of Kiel and donated a Franciscan monastery in which he lived as a monk until his death in 1261. His tombstone with a Gothic inscription is exhibited in the remaining part of the cloister of the monastery. The monastery church was built in 1246. The small three-aisled church was about 30 meters long and almost square and had a small angular choir. As the church of a mendicant order , it had only one roof turret .

During the Reformation , the monastery was dissolved on October 13, 1530. The monastery buildings then served different purposes: immediately after the Reformation, the Latin school was initially housed here. In 1546 the Heiliggeist Hospital , a poor and infirmary, moved to the rooms of the abandoned monastery. According to this, the monastery church was named Heiligengeistkirche or Heiliggeistkirche since 1562. The church served the inmates as a place of worship. The residents use the church and the burial chapels, which were added from the 16th century, as they did before the Reformation and until the 18th century as a burial place.

Since the founding of the Christian-Albrechts-Universität in 1665, the monastery church has been the university church. The city council did not give the university a say in the election of the preacher, but theology professors preached regularly in the Holy Spirit Church. The Pietists Paul Sperling and Joachim Justus Breithaupt held homiletic exercises with the students here. From 1775 the theology students, who were taking part in the homiletic seminar of the enlightened professor Johann Andreas Cramer in their third year of study, preached in the Holy Spirit Church. The last university preacher was Karl Peter Matthias Lüdemann until 1868 .

In 1766 the university left the old, dilapidated monastery buildings. These had already served as a quarry for the new university building and were now left to decay. In 1881 the remains were torn down except for the cloister wing. The resulting gap towards the Kleiner Kiel was named Falckstrasse after Niels Nikolaus Falck .

After the conquest of Holstein in the German-Danish War , the Prussian king designated Kiel as a naval city on March 24, 1865. In 1867 Kiel became the port of the North German Confederation and in 1871 a port of war for the Reich. The Church of the Holy Spirit was responsible for the navy in Kiel. The Kiel garrison originally included 500 marines and marines; a few years later there were 2,800 navy and 750 army soldiers for whom the church of the Holy Spirit was too small. The naval service had to be held in the drill shed of the Feldstrasse barracks. Naval priest Büttner therefore pushed for the construction of a new church: the Pauluskirche was built on Niemannsweg from 1878–1882 .

The Holy Spirit Church was restored in 1881-1891 and reshaped in the neo-Gothic style. The burial chapels attached to the outside of the church were demolished. The church now served the northern districts as a parish church. In the course of Kiel's development into a major city, the church received a tower for the first time in 1903/1904 when it was rebuilt . With the district of Düsternbrook , the community of the Holy Spirit, which had been independent since 1908, expanded further and further north. The wish to have a church not just on the edge, but in the middle of their residential area, was fulfilled. After the First World War, the naval population was significantly reduced, so that the Petruskirche in Kiel-Wik was sufficient as a Protestant garrison church . On November 29, 1925, the Holy Spirit Congregation took possession of the Pauluskirche in a festive service. From now on the church events of the congregation took place only in the Pauluskirche, while the Heiligengeistkirche was reserved for the university church services.

In 1928 the church received a new bell. On 29 November the same year the bronze figure was Geistkämpfer of Ernst Barlach placed in front of the church. From the beginning she was exposed to criticism from Nazi circles, who viewed the work of art as degenerate art . On April 20, 1937, the ghost fighter was dismantled and taken to the museum. It was supposed to be melted down in 1939, but was saved by friends of Barlach and has been standing in front of the Nikolaikirche since 1954.

During the Second World War , the Heiligengeistkirche was largely destroyed by two high explosive bombs on December 13, 1943 . The removal of the remains (except for the tower) took place in 1947. Excavations in the former monastery church opened up numerous medieval tombs within the foundations in 1984, some of which were painted.

Preserved remains

The altar plate of the monastery church was discovered in 2001 during the restoration of the garden and placed and secured in the cloister under the crucifix. The foundations of the church were also made visible again. Fragments of grave slabs from the associated cemetery are on the outer wall.

A single bell in the church from 1928 has been preserved; Today it hangs in the carillon on the simplified restored tower, today the monastery tower of the Kiel monastery .

preacher

The Holy Spirit Church only got its own pastor in 1632. The preachers were appointed by the city council and were often deacons or adjuncts of the Nikolaikirche or garrison preachers in the service of the dukes of Holstein-Gottorf , who had their residence in Kiel Castle from 1713/21. In addition, from 1665 to 1868 theology professors and students preached in the church. After the navy received its own church in 1881, the church was a parish church, but was still part of Nikolaigemeinde until 1908. From 1888 university church services were held regularly again. In 1908 the Heiligengeistgemeinde became independent.

  • 1632–1651: Magister Janus [also Johannes] Vicostadius from Wernigerode
  • August 30, 1652–1655: Bartholdus Brammer
  • November 5, 1655–1669: Henricus Störning
  • 1670-1672: Troels Arnkiel
  • from November 22nd, 1674: Magister Martinus Bützer
  • May 23, 1724-24. February 1749: Magister Matthias Bützer, son of the previous one
  • March 3, 1750–1782: Marcus Hinrich Becker
  • 1790– ~ 1797: Peter Christian Weller
  • 1797–1809: Johannes Köster
  • 1809–1826: Carl Blech
  • 1827–1834: Jürgen Bookmeyer
  • 1834–1868: Karl Peter Matthias Lüdemann
  • 1908–1916: Heinrich Mau

literature

  • Guide through the Historic State Hall for Schleswig-Holstein in Kiel , Kiel, 1913
  • Ahlmann, Ludwig: The cloister at the Holy Spirit Church in Kiel, in : Communications of the Society for Kiel City History , Issue 37, Kiel, 1934, pp. 41–50
  • Dröse, Konrad: The Kiel City Views 1585–1900, Kiel, 1954
  • Klose, Olaf / Richard Sedlmaier: Old Kiel and the Kiel landscape , Heide: Boyens & Co., 1962
  • The Holy Spirit community. Yesterday; today; tomorrow, in: From the history of the Heiligengeist community and the Pauluskirche [Kiel 1978], pp. 2–10

Web links

Commons : Kieler Kloster  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Christa Geckeler: 1257 - Foundation of the Heiligengeist Hospital (Kiel Memorial Days on kiel.de)
  2. ^ W. Bülck: History of the study of practical theology at the University of Kiel. Kiel 1921, p. 14.
  3. ^ Konrad Hammann: University service and enlightenment sermon: the Göttingen University Church in the 18th century and its place in the history of the university service in German Protestantism . 2000, p. 147
  4. ↑ Cloister of the Holy Spirit Church - Lohse, Adolf Heinrich August - description of the painting
  5. ^ Municipal colleges (assembly) April 22nd, 1881/1, files of the Kiel city archive 7004.1 + 2
  6. ↑ Kiel Street Lexicon - Falckstraße
  7. ↑ Inauguration of the rebuilt Pauluskirche on January 16, 1949 on foerdefluesterer.de on January 16, 2009
  8. ^ Odyssey of a masterpiece in: Kieler Nachrichten of June 16, 2009
  9. ^ Hartwig Beseler, Niels Gutschow: Kriegsschicksale Deutscher Architektur. Volume I: North. Wachholtz-Verlag , Neumünster o. J., p. 4.
  10. ↑ Dieter Berg (Ed.): Traces of Franciscan History. Werl 1999, p. 621.
  11. ↑ Directory of pastors until 1868 according to Otto Frederik Arends: Gejstligheden i Slesvig og Holsten: Fra Reformationen til 1864 . Copenhagen 1932, vol. 3, p. 110.
  12. ^ Konrad Hammann: University service and enlightenment sermon: the Göttingen University Church in the 18th century and its place in the history of the university service in German Protestantism . 2000, p. 179
  13. ^ Andreas Hertzberg: The Kieler Kirchengemeinden since 1908. In: Karl-Behrnd Hasselmann (Hrsg.): Church in Kiel. 750 years of Kiel. 750 years of St. Nikolai . Neumünster 1991, pp. 85-132; P. 101f
  14. ^ Karl Peter Matthias Lüdemann in kieler.gelehrtenverzeichnis.de

Coordinates: 54 ° 19 ′ 27.1 ″  N , 10 ° 8 ′ 21.7 ″  E