Adolf I. (Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf)
Adolf I (born January 25, 1526 on the Duburg in Flensburg ; † October 1, 1586 at Gottorf Castle ) was Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf from 1544 and the first regent of the Gottorf line in Schleswig-Holstein .
Life
Adolf was the third son of King Frederick I of Denmark and his wife Sophia of Pomerania . Friedrich gave his son to the education of Landgrave Philipp von Hessen , to whom he remained connected throughout his life and with whom he spent four years in the count's palace in Kassel .
In 1544, Adolf, his brother Johann and their half-brother King Christian III. of Denmark the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein according to approximately the same tax power. As the youngest, Adolf had the first choice. Since he chose the area with Gottorf Castle, the line of the House of Oldenburg he founded was now called Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf. First he traveled and had Johann Rantzau administer his land. Adolf took part in the Diet of 1548 , where he saw Emperor Charles V at the height of his power. He accompanied his heir to the throne Philip on the homage journey through the Spanish Netherlands and got to know a rich and blooming landscape there.
Although even a Protestant, he supported the emperor with two thousand horsemen and ten troop infantry, led as these wars to break the power of the Protestant princes. Nevertheless, he had a reputation among the other princes of northern Germany: They elected him commander in chief of the northern German troops; he became colonel of the North German Circle.
From 1553, Adolf turned back to his real home. In 1556 he took over the ecclesiastical property and the office of bishop of his deceased brother Friedrich, as he had ordered in his will. Thereupon he set out to avenge the disgrace of his ancestors in the battle of Hemmingstedt . Adolf wanted to expand his sphere of influence by laying hands on the then rich and independent peasant republic of Dithmarschen . He managed to convince his two co-regents to equip an army together.
In 1559 Adolf conquered the peasant republic of Dithmarschen with his brother Johann and his nephew King Friedrich II. Of Denmark in the last feud . The three rulers divided the peasant republic among themselves; Adolf received the northern part and thus a direct connection to his areas in Eiderstedt . When Adolf's brother Johann died in 1580, he and King Friedrich II divided Johann's shares in Schleswig and Holstein between them.
In terms of domestic politics, Adolf modernized the state: He separated house and state administration and also appointed civil, legally trained men to the administration. He had his rank and the associated political position of the young duchy expressed through various representative new buildings. As the client, he commissioned, among other things, the Reinbeker Castle , the Castle in front of Husum , the Tönninger Castle , the Trittau Castle and the Poor and Elderly Stift Gasthaus zum Ritter St. Jürgen . A significant expansion was also carried out at Gottorf Castle with the north wing.
From 1571 Adolf I belonged to the imperial Admiralswerk -ommission and hoped in vain for the appointment as Reichsadmiral until 1576 .
When Adolf died, his son Friedrich became Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf.
ancestry
Dietrich von Oldenburg (1390–1440) Count of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst |
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Christian I (Denmark, Norway and Sweden) (1426–1481) King of Denmark, Norway and Sweden |
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Heilwig von Holstein (1400–1436) Countess of Oldenburg |
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Frederick I (Denmark and Norway) (1471–1533) King of Denmark and Norway |
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Johann (Brandenburg-Kulmbach) (1406–1464) Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach |
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Dorothea of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (1430–1495) | |||||||||||||
Barbara of Saxony-Wittenberg (1405–1465) | |||||||||||||
Adolf I (1526–1586) Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf |
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Eric II of Pomerania (1425–1474) | |||||||||||||
Bogislaw X. (Pomerania) (1454–1523) | |||||||||||||
Sophia of Pomerania (~ 1435–1497) | |||||||||||||
Sophia of Pomerania (1498–1568) | |||||||||||||
Casimir IV Jagiełło (1427–1492) | |||||||||||||
Anna Jagiellonica (1476–1503) | |||||||||||||
Elisabeth von Habsburg (1437–1505) | |||||||||||||
progeny
In 1564, Adolf married Christine von Hessen (* June 29, 1543; † May 13, 1604), the daughter of his tutor. He had the following children with her:
- Friedrich II (born April 21, 1568 - † June 15, 1587), Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf 1586–1587
- Sophie (June 1, 1569 - November 14, 1634), married to Duke Johann VII of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
- Philipp (10 August 1570 - 18 October 1590), Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf 1587–1590
- Christine (April 13, 1573 - December 8, 1625), married to King Charles IX. of Sweden
- Elisabeth (March 11, 1574 - January 12, 1587)
- Johann Adolf (February 27, 1575 - March 31, 1616), Archbishop of Bremen 1585–1596, Prince-Bishop of Lübeck 1586–1607, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf 1590–1616
- Anna (February 27, 1575 - April 24, 1625), married to Count Enno III. from East Frisia
- Christian (May 29, 1576 - April 22, 1577)
- Agnes (December 20, 1578; † 1627)
- Johann Friedrich (September 1, 1579 - September 3, 1634), Archbishop of Bremen 1596–1634, Bishop of Verden 1631–1634
swell
- Rolf Kuschert: The early modern times. In: Nordfriisk Instituut (Hrsg.): History of North Friesland. Boyens & Co, Heide 1995, ISBN 3-8042-0759-6 .
literature
- Karl Jansen: Adolf, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1875, pp. 111-113.
- Hermann Kellenbenz : Adolf I, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1953, ISBN 3-428-00182-6 , p. 86 ( digitized version ).
predecessor | Office | successor |
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Christian III |
Duke of Schleswig 1544–1586 |
Friedrich II. |
Frederick of Denmark |
Bishop of Schleswig 1556–1586 |
Ulrich of Denmark |
personal data | |
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SURNAME | Adolf I. |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf |
DATE OF BIRTH | January 25, 1526 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Duburg near Flensburg |
DATE OF DEATH | October 1, 1586 |
Place of death | Gottorf Castle |