Friedrichskoog

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the municipality of Friedrichskoog
Friedrichskoog
Map of Germany, position of the municipality Friedrichskoog highlighted

Coordinates: 54 ° 0 '  N , 8 ° 53'  E

Basic data
State : Schleswig-Holstein
Circle : Dithmarschen
Office : Marne North Sea
Height : 2 m above sea level NHN
Area : 53.35 km 2
Residents: 2539 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 48 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 25718
Primaries : 04854, 04856
License plate : HEI, MED
Community key : 01 0 51 034
LOCODE : DE 68S
Office administration address: Old churchyard 4/5
25709 Marne
Website : www.amt-marne-nordsee.de
Mayor : Bernd Thaden ( SPD )
Location of the community Friedrichskoog in the district of Dithmarschen
map

Friedrichskoog (short Fri'ko or Frie'ko or as a nickname Friko rsp. Frieko , derived from the Low German name Friechskouch , which in turn refers to the name "Friech" as a traditional Dithmarscher-Platt version of the name Friedrich) is a municipality in Southwest of the district of Dithmarschen in Schleswig-Holstein . Its core, created in the 19th and 20th centuries by dykes , is located on a peninsula on the Helgoland Bay , North Sea and is bordered on the lake side by the Elbe estuary and the Meldorfer Bucht and the Wadden Sea National Park . In addition to the Kögen , the municipality also includes the Trischen bird protection island and the largest German drilling and production island, Mittelplate .

geography

location

Reference to the 54th parallel near the former port

The municipality of Friedrichskoog is located on the Süderdithmarschens Jungmarsch or Kalkmarsch, which was specifically won over the last 300 years through land reclamation . The transition to the "Alte Marsch" or Kleimarsch , which has largely grown independently and decalcified through agricultural use, is marked by the B 5 federal highway running to the east ; its course corresponds approximately to the so-called "1000-year-old dike". The 54th degree north latitude runs through the southern municipal area .

On the lake side, the peninsula is surrounded by the southern area of ​​the Schleswig-Holstein Wadden Sea National Park . The area around Friedrichskoog is particularly influenced by the fact that fresh water from the Elbe and salt water from the North Sea meet. Organisms that die as a result lead to siltation or an above-average silting intensity. In addition, the flood duration is shorter than the ebb duration . As a result, the sediment brought in with the stronger flood current is not completely removed again at low tide. The sedimentation resulting from the so-called " tidal pumping " (literally: pumping the tide) has favored the formation of the marshes and the crags, but at the same time also led to special challenges, for example in relation to the maintenance of the port. It seems to have increased regularly through dikes (reduction of the flood space).

Community structure

The municipality of Friedrichskoog is divided into the eponymous Friedrichs koog , the Kaiserin-Auguste-Viktoria-Koog and the Dieksanderkoog as well as the island of Trischen, which is about ten kilometers from the mainland . Originally, the Köge were laid out as scattered settlements with farmsteads set apart with a view to agricultural use ; Over the course of time, the settlement was densified in various places , in particular through infrastructure facilities such as railways and ports.

The Friedrichskoog was created in the years 1853 to 1854 by dike in the Dieksand and six other Samphire Islands . According to the rule of the time, it is named after the Danish king and Holstein duke Friedrich VII (until October 12, 1904: Frederik-VII.-Koog ). There are the districts Friedrichskoog I to III; the names correspond to the stops on the former St. Michaelisdonn – Friedrichskoog railway line , which ran along Koogstraße in the community and ended shortly before the bridge over the Rugenorter Loch . Friedrichskoog III has developed into today's " Friedrichskoog-Ort " due to new building areas from the 1930s and 1980s as well as the central function with citizens' office and church, retail trade , gastronomy and service company . At the north-western end of the Friedrichskoog is the lake and North Sea spa "Friedrichskoog-Spitze", a separate district , which has been built in the 1960s and has been shaped by tourists .

Northeast borders the diked in 1899 and after the German Empress Auguste Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-August Castle named Auguste-Viktoria-Koog on. It was incorporated into the community on March 23, 1901 and its outward appearance is agricultural. Settlement took place along the road that opened up the middle of the Koog.

The Dieksanderkoog, which was diked in between 1933 and 1935, connects to the southwest of the Friedrichskoog . In the northern area it is divided into two sections by the now disused port. Here are u. a. the so-called old and new “Fischersiedlung” as well as the kindergarten “Wirbelwind” and the elementary school “Marschenschool”. The housing estates, together with the “Friedrichskoog-Ort” core in Friedrichskoog, form a unit that has grown together over the old line of the dike. Further to the southwest, in the area of ​​the Neulandhalle, there is another focus of the settlement. The Koog as a whole is also clearly shaped by agriculture .

Trischen is an alluvial dune-salt marsh island that was created between the 17th and 19th centuries on the lake-side edge of the Marner Plate ridge off the Friedrichskoog . In the years 1896 to 1947 it was used for agriculture and at times also permanently inhabited. Due to the influence of sea and wind forces, however, it is subject to very strong natural changes: Every year it migrates at a speed of up to 40 meters in an easterly direction and loses around 20 hectares of its area in the process. Since Trischen borders two strong tidal currents with Flakstrom in the north and Neufahrwasser in the south , the currently 180 hectare island threatens to be completely destroyed in the next few years. Until then, it is a bird island, which is inhabited by a bird keeper from March to October and is closed to other visitors all year round for reasons of nature conservation.

Neighboring communities

Directly adjacent neighboring communities are Kronprinzenkoog in the east and Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog in the south.

Larger surrounding towns are the cities of Meldorf (distance approx. 23 km) in the northeast and Marne (approx. 12 km) in the southeast as sub-centers and the city of Brunsbüttel (approx. 26 km) in the south-east as the middle center .

Flora and fauna

Habitat dyke and salt marshes on Trischendamm

The habitats for flora and fauna within the community can be roughly subdivided into the marshland diked with the cows , the salt marshes off the dykes both south and north of the peninsula and the Wadden Sea . However, the habitats are to be seen as a unit, especially with regard to bird migration .

The agriculturally used cows are of high soil fertility. In the salt marshes, in addition to the Andel lawn, which is typical for intensively used grassland, plant communities that are more sensitive to grazing, such as the beach queck corridor and salt marsh corridor, have emerged in recent years . The most widespread type of vegetation in 2001 was the silt grass corridor, which took up a quarter of the area. The tidal flats with the Marner Plate as the dominant ridge are subject to major changes due to the moving electricity systems of the Elbe and the Piep .

history

port

Freight sailors in the port of Friedrichskoog (ca.1899)
Harbor Birthday (2013)
Suction excavator Isern Hinnerk II (2013)

When the Friedrichskoog was dyed in 1853/1854, a sluice port was created in front of the dike (taking advantage of the Rugenorter Loch creek ), which went into operation in 1855. It initially served as a cargo port for the transport of agricultural products, later as a base for land reclamation work for the Prussian domain administration and for sea ​​rescue cruisers . From the advent of the fishing trawler at the beginning of the 20th century, it was primarily a fishing port . Historians assume that the Rugenorter Loch was already used for the handling of goods at the time of the Hanseatic League.

In 1934/1935 the port was diked with the Dieksanderkoog and provided with a barrage . The tidal port developed into a storm surge- proof dock port with an approximately 800-meter-long harbor basin, which, however, could only be approached and left depending on the tide due to the fluctuating water level of the port priel leading to the Elbe estuary (length last around 2000 meters). Because of the importance of the port for fishing, the maintenance obligation was transferred from the Prussian domain administration to the waterway administration of the German Reich in 1937. This set up a cutter yard and an engine locksmith's shop as service operations for the fishermen. During the Second World War , parts of the port priel were secured by a basalt- paved guide dam .

After the end of the Second World War, the state of Schleswig-Holstein became the legal successor of the port. The state port reached the peak of its development in the 1950s when the Leitdamm was extended by another 200 meters to the mouth of the Hafenpril, the harbor light was electrified and a fog horn was installed. At that time around 80 beam trawlers and numerous part-time fishermen had their home in Friedrichskoog, after Büsum Friedrichskoog was the second largest fishing port on Schleswig-Holstein's west coast.

From the 1960s onwards, the number of cutters decreased due to the general structural change. At the same time, their size and depth increased. This also brought the increasing sedimentation in the port and Hafenpril into focus. To maintain the port operations of state-owned had Saugbagger Isern Hinnerk II every year in the Cutter Operating spend around 100,000 cubic meters of sediment through a pipeline to wash fields north of the port. After the state audit office criticized the increasing inefficiency of the port operations in the 1970s, the construction of flushing polders, the construction of a side canal and the connection of the port to the group system were examined as alternatives to the complex dredging operation, but ultimately rejected due to recognizable risks . Against this background, only a few cutters recently called at the port regularly.

In May 2010, on the recommendation of the Budget Structure Commission, the Schleswig-Holstein state government decided to close the Friedrichskoog port due to the high costs of maintaining and maintaining the port access. First, however, the Prime Minister , District Administrator of the Dithmarschen District and Mayor of the Friedrichskoog Municipality agreed in a " Letter of Intent " in April 2012 that the municipality could take over the port at the beginning of 2014 if it declared a secure economic base. Despite intensive efforts, the municipality was unable to present a viable financing concept for the municipalization of the port with the transfer of operations to another agency.

Against the resistance of the population, the state of Schleswig-Holstein closed the former state port on July 1, 2015: According to the state government, personnel and material costs, maintenance investments and costs for dredging work on its own for the port (without barrage) had recently averaged 700,000 euros totaled in the year. This contrasted with income from port operations of around 75,000 euros.

National Socialism

As in most rural regions, the National Socialists increased their influence in Friedrichskoog from 1928 onwards. There were acts of violence. On the occasion of an election meeting of the SPD for the Reichstag election on July 31, 1932, about 80 to 100 non-uniformed NSDAP people were brought to Friedrichskoog on July 26, 1932. They chased participants through the town, shots were fired and the 17-year-old skipper Herbert Jäger was tortured and murdered.

From uninhabited parts of the communities Friedrichskoog, Kronprinzenkoog and Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog as well as from cadastral parts of the Adolf-Hitler-Koog (today Dieksanderkoog , created as a National Socialist model settlement) that were not yet recorded in the cadastre, which was diked in between 1933 and 1935 a new community with the name Adolf-Hitler-Koog was formed. The existing Friedrichskoog was incorporated into this new municipality on April 1, 1939.

post war period

On August 25, 1945, the Adolf-Hitler-Koog community was renamed Dieksanderkoog . On April 1, 1948, it was given the name Friedrichskoog, which is still valid today .

Population development

date Pop.
December 3, 1867 1212
December 1, 1880 1347
December 1, 1890 1381
December 1, 1900 1432
December 1, 1910 1458
October 8, 1919 1648
May 17, 1939 2481
September 13, 1950 4336
June 6, 1961 2938
May 27, 1970 2872
December 31, 2002 2457
December 31, 2007 2469
December 31, 2012 2457
December 31, 2017 2570

politics

Community representation

In the local elections in 2013 the following composition of the municipal council came about:

Party / list Seats
CDU 5
KWV 5
SPD 3

Coat of arms and flag (unofficial)

Friedrichskoog does not have a coat of arms. However, an unofficial coat of arms and also an unofficial hoisting flag are omnipresent in the municipality, even if they are not used by the municipality itself.

The coat of arms is divided into two parts. Above it shows a farm, consisting of a residential house and a separate farm building (a form common in the first half of the 20th century that can be found along with others in the municipality; the two parts of the building are usually made up of a short, narrow kitchen - and laundry room tract connected, which, however, cannot be seen in the illustration), which is intended to refer to the fertility of the soil; below the North Sea with surf and a dike are shown. There is no blazon .

  • Unofficial coat of arms

  • Unofficial flag

Culture and sights

Whale building with indoor playground at the harbor (2013)
Dutch windmill "Vergißmeinnicht" in Friedrichskoog

The seal station Friedrichskoog , which opened in 1985 and is located at the former harbor, is known nationwide , as it was the location for the television series Hallo Robbie! Which was broadcast from 2001 to 2009 . was. According to the articles of association , its purpose is to protect seals native to Schleswig-Holstein and to promote their protection. According to the international seal agreement , it is the only authorized reception point for howlers in Schleswig-Holstein. Numerous day tourists attend the daily feeding of the common seals and gray seals that live in the station . Starting in 2020, the seal station will be redesigned and expanded; the new entrance building was completed in August 2020.

A building in the shape of a whale has also been located at the former port since 2008. The 25 glulam trusses built in a length of 125 meters, a width of 25 meters and a height of 15 meters with internal visible "skeleton" Timber is one of the largest buildings in Walform. It is currently used as an indoor playground or "indoor play park". On an area of ​​2500 m² there are u. a. a climbing labyrinth, trampolines and bouncy castles as well as an electric kart track.

As cultural monuments in Friedrichskoog , the Evangelical Christ Church, the one-story gallery Dutch mill “Vergißmeinnicht” and the Neulandhalle are entered in the list of monuments of Schleswig-Holstein .

The Christ Church of the Evangelical Lutheran parish Vereinigte Süderdithmarscher Köge was completed in 1964 as a Nurdachhaus ; a small ridge replaces the bell tower. The design from 1961 comes from the architect Henry Schlote , who is particularly known in Hamburg for the construction of churches, cinemas and residential buildings of post-war modernism . The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Schleswig-Holstein bought the design for its chapel building program from the 1960s and built a total of ten small churches based on it. Among these, since the year 2016 is characterized monument standing Christ Church by the elaborate stained-glass windows of the western front as well as the sculptor Max Schegulla created triptych from. Before the construction, according to the parish, parts of the population feared that Friedrichskoog would go down in a storm surge if the place got its own church.

For the windmill “Vergißmeinnicht”, built in 1860 and converted in 1906, the name “wedding mill ” has become established, since civil weddings can be carried out by the Marne-Nordsee office on the ground floor of the Galerieholländers .

The Neulandhalle built in 1936 in the Dieksanderkoog district was used by the National Socialists as a meeting place and training center as well as an “anti-church” for the Koog's settlers. After the war, the building became the property of the Evangelical Church, which used it as a youth leisure center until 2011. After investing a total of around 1.5 million euros, she opened a “historic learning location” there in 2019. In the form of a freely accessible outdoor exhibition with 30 large letters that form the words “living space” “and” “Volksgemeinschaft”, it provides information on the history and historical context of the Neulandhalle. The texts on the front and back of the letters form individual chapters. The building itself, including the preserved National Socialist frescoes, was restored to its original state and is open to the public as part of guided tours.

The Trischendamm at the "top" was built in 1935/1936 to insulate or seal off the "Altfelder Priels ", which threatened the dike , and was expanded into a "hiking trail" from 1964. It leads over 2200 meters and at a height of at least three meters above sea level through salt marshes and mud flats , past groynes and lahnungen out into the North Sea and is mainly used by tourists for walks. In May 2019 a concept for the further expansion and tourist attraction of the Trischendamm was presented; originally, the implementation planning should be completed by summer 2020 .

economy

Agriculture

Cabbage cultivation in Dieksanderkoog. In the background the Neulandhalle.

The marsh soils ( Kalkmarsch ) of the Köge are among the most productive locations in Schleswig-Holstein and achieve maximum values ​​of around 85 soil points in the assessment as part of the soil appraisal carried out by the tax authorities . In addition, the risk of pest infestation is minimized due to the North Sea climate.

Traditionally, the kegs are used for growing grain and sugar beet. From the end of the 19th century, the cultivation of white and red cabbage, which is typical for Dithmarschen , also gained in importance in Friedrichskoog . Sheep breeding was also introduced in the 20th century ; the animals graze not only on dikes and salt marshes , but also on the harvested cabbage fields. In addition, unsold cabbage is fed.

In recent years, the cultivation of field vegetables and other root crops in particular has become much more diverse. Changed market requirements, the general structural change in agriculture and the increasing direct marketing via farm shops (also important for tourism) , which from the customer's point of view require a larger selection and thus a wider range of products, contributed to this.

Last but not least, horse breeding (mainly Holsteiners ) and riding stables are important to Friedrichskoog thanks to internationally successful show jumpers .

Crab fishing

The fishing boats common in the 19th century were simply pulled onto the beach
"Zenit" crab cutter, built in 1986, Friedrichskoog harbor (2007)

Fishing is traditionally one of the most important economic sectors in Friedrichskoog: The first professional fisherman settled in 1883. Since the connection of the community to the railway network from 1884 onwards gave good access to the supra- local sales markets in the cities, the number of fishing businesses rose rapidly in the following decades. At the same time, from the beginning of the 20th century, Friedrichskoog specialized in catching, processing and marketing the sand and North Sea shrimps known as crabs ; this was u. a. the fishing cooperative Holsatia founded.

The development of shrimp fishing reached its peak in the 1950s, when around 80 beam trawlers were part of the Friedrichskoog fishing fleet. Although there was a clear structural change in the fishery, including the transition to larger boats , around a fifth of the population still lived on the in the 1960s - also due to home-working crab peeling that was common up until the end of the 1980s (" home peeling ") Fishing. From the 1990s the landings shifted steadily in the direction of Büsum, since the port can be approached via the Piep regardless of the tide and the international dealers for the purchase of the crabs are based there. In 2015 the port in Friedrichskoog was closed.

Despite difficult economic conditions, at the beginning of 2020 the Friedrichskoog fishing association still had 23 fishing operations and 26 cutters with the fishing license "SD" or "FRI"; Most of the boats have found their current berth in Büsum. For some years now, shrimp fishermen have been striving for certification by the MSC (Marine Stewartship Council) seal for ecologically compatible and sustainable fishing. In this context, they voluntarily refrain from fishing in certain regions of the Wadden Sea. In addition, they optimize their nets ( selective fishing ) in order to systematically minimize unwanted bycatch .

tourism

“Green beach” in Friedrichskoog-Spitze during a storm

The development of tourism in Friedrichskoog began in the 1950s with guest rooms on the farms. From the 1960s onwards, holiday homes and holiday apartments in particular enriched the accommodation options. In this context, the Friedrichskoog-Spitze district and its 1.8-kilometer-long “green beach” (between Trischendamm and Parallelweg ) were created on the grassy areas of the outer dike with transitions into the sandy mud flats .

In 1976 the “Haus des Kurgastes” (official name) u. a. with event and lounges. The information center of the Wadden Sea Protection Station, which was previously located at the port, moved there in 2019 ; In addition to a small natural history exhibition, it offers mudflat walks, salt marsh tours and ornithological excursions. In the adjacent dyke passage opened in 2000, u. a. the tourism service has its office.

A spa clinic with 270 beds, which specializes in joint stays for parents and children, has also been in "Top" since 1998. In addition, a spa and wellness center with a seawater thermal bath and a. Treatments of the musculoskeletal system, the respiratory tract and the psyche. Friedrichskoog-Spitze has been officially recognized as a seaside resort since 1983 and as a North Sea spa since 2004 .

With the dike reinforcement in the area of ​​the "green beach", which will not begin before 2021 and will last for a total of two years, tourism is facing particular challenges. However, the coastal protection measure is also to be used to upgrade the beach with promenades and event areas, among other things .

After Büsum , Friedrichskoog has the highest number of guests and overnight stays in Dithmarschen; Tourism is currently the most important industry in the municipality.

Oil production

Mittelplate drilling and production island around ten km from Friedrichskoog

The Mittelplate oil field is located in front of Friedrichskoog in the Schleswig-Holstein Wadden Sea National Park . By 2020, the field had produced more than 35 million tons of oil. Another 15 to 20 million tons are still considered recoverable. Mittelplate is thus by far the largest German oil deposit.

The oil promotes today's Wintershall Dea since 1987 by an about ten kilometers from the dike remote drilling and production platform . While the oil initially had to be transported to the Brunsbüttel oil port by barge , this has been done since 2005 via a pipeline to the Dieksand land station (Lage) in the Friedrichskoog district. Due to the particularly sensitive ecosystem, all waste generated on the platform - from drilling cuttings to eggshells - is brought ashore and disposed of there. In parallel, there has been funding from the land station since 2000 ; this is done using horizontally deflected boreholes, some of which are over nine kilometers in length. The funding approval granted by the state of Schleswig-Holstein runs until the end of 2041.

At the Dieksand land station, the oil is also separated from the other components (primarily water) and the oil gas is separated off. The products processed in this way are pumped via a pipe to Brunsbüttel , where some processing and some forwarding to the Heide refinery in Hemmingstedt take place.

Wind power

Wind energy plants (WEA) and typical single courtyard (2020)

With wind speeds that are well above average , the municipality of Friedrichskoog offers excellent framework conditions for electricity generation from wind power , as the plants can be operated with an average of 3200 full load hours . According to the Federal Network Agency's system register , a total of 74 systems with a net rated output of over 170 megawatts were installed on May 1, 2020 . They can generate up to 546 million kilowatt hours of electrical energy and thus supply around 270,000 1-person households.

In the future, the number of plants in the Friedrichskoog municipal area will decrease, as the Schleswig-Holstein state government will create an overall spatial plan concept with priority areas for "onshore wind energy" by the end of 2020 . The ongoing analyzes take into account, among other things, minimum distances to existing residential developments and the interests of nature conservation, tourism and recreation. Within the priority areas to be identified, the use of wind energy should prevail over competing uses. Outside of this, the use of wind energy should only be justified by means of coherent overall spatial concepts on a regional planning level.

According to the third planning draft, three priority areas with a total area of ​​313 hectares result for the municipality of Friedrichskoog ; however, a number of the existing wind turbines are located outside of it.

Port development

Former sea mark "Trischenbake" in the seal station;
dismantled on February 5, 2020 and stored in the former port for reconstruction.

Since the port was closed in 2015, the port basin has only been used as a receiving water for draining the Friedrichs- and Dieksanderkoog; the barrage was replaced by a pumping station with three pumps from 2018 . A passage was created for pedestrians at the pumping station, which for the first time enables them to walk around the harbor basin. On the sea side, the approach to the still existing emergency port - the Hafenpriel - has since been further blocked.

In the past few years, the municipality of Friedrichskoog had various ideas developed as to how the former port area could be reused. Most recently, in March 2019, she presented the proposal to develop a new town center there with an investment volume of around 20 million euros. Among other things, holiday apartments, restaurants and businesses, a central meeting point for the Friedrichskoog residents and a harbor museum are planned.

The feasibility of the idea appears increasingly dubious. But a start has been made: after public discussions, in 2020 the community took over the former Trischen beacon offered as a "gift" by the seal station (previously also bush sand beacon due to the changing names of the island of Trischen); this should serve as a design element in the future port area. The 22 meter high former sea ​​mark (from 1951 to 1996) had developed since 2001 as a landmark and observation tower in the seal station that was visible from afar, into a “tourist attraction” and a “ landmark ” of Friedrichskoog.

traffic

Friedrichskoog is connected to the regional transport network via the state roads L144 and L177. The superordinate feeder roads are the B 5 federal road and the A 23 motorway .

The nearest train station is on the Marschbahn (route Hamburg - Niebüll - Westerland) in St. Michaelisdonn ; from there Friedrichskoog can be reached by regional bus via Marne .

There are also airfields in Büsum and St. Michaelisdonn .

Personalities

  • Peter Hartmann (1884–1982), a seaman born in Friedrichskoog, holder of the Federal Cross of Merit as a lifesaver
  • Werner "Polli" Rohwedder (1925–2017), fisherman, seal hunter, national park warden, founder and manager of the Friedrichskoog seal station , honorary citizen of Friedrichskoog
  • Tjark Nagel (* 1952), farmer in Friedrichskoog, Olympic participant in show jumping
  • Carsten-Otto Nagel (* 1962), horse management master who grew up in Friedrichskoog, world and European champion in show jumping
  • Björn Nagel (* 1978), farmer in Friedrichskoog, European champion in show jumping

literature

  • Rudolf Gastmeier: 100 years of Friedrichskoog . Ed .: Municipality of Friedrichskoog. Friedrichskoog 1955.
  • Horst Meyer et al .: 150 years of Friedrichskoog: From Koog to a community free from office . Ed .: Municipality of Friedrichskoog. Friedrichskoog 2005.
  • Hans Michelsen: Chronicle of the dike and main sewer association Dithmarschen . Ed .: Deich- und Hauptsielverband Dithmarschen . 2nd Edition. Volume I: Historical presentation, legal basis, development of water and soil associations and association activities, No. 15 . Hemmingstedt 2008, Chapter 11.7 (On the history of the Friedrichskoog).

Web links

Commons : Friedrichskoog  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ North Statistics Office - Population of the municipalities in Schleswig-Holstein 4th quarter 2019 (XLSX file) (update based on the 2011 census) ( help on this ).
  2. ↑ State Office for Agriculture, Environment and Rural Areas of the State of Schleswig-Holstein: Die Boden Schleswig-Holstein, Flintbek 2012, p. 45 ff. , Accessed January 24, 2020
  3. ↑ Peter Wieland: Investigation of geomorphological changes in the Dithmarscher Bay , in: '' The Coast '' , (Issue 40, 1984), pp. 107-138, accessed August 8, 2020.
  4. ↑ Petra Witez: Programs for the long-term conservation of the Wadden Sea - ProWatt - , final report on the research project MTK 0608 (03 KIS 3160), publisher: State Office for Nature and Environment of the State of Schleswig-Holstein, June 2002, accessed August 8, 2020.
  5. ↑ Schleswig-Holstein topography. 1st edition. tape 3 : Ellerbek – Groß Rönnau . Flying-Kiwi-Verl. Junge, Flensburg 2003, ISBN 978-3-926055-73-6 , p. 160 ( portal.dnb.de ).
  6. ↑ Peter Wieland: Trischen - the story of an alluvial island in the Dithmarscher Wadden Sea , in: '' The Coast '' , (Issue 62, 2000), pp. 101-140, accessed June 14, 2020.
  7. ^ Johann M. Lorenzen: 25 years of research in the service of coastal protection. (PDF) In: The Coast (Issue 8). Pp. 10–12 , accessed January 25, 2020 .
  8. ^ State of Schleswig-Holstein: State planning - Central local system, 2019
  9. ^ Martin Stock et al .: Salt meadows on the west coast of Schleswig-Holstein 1986–2001 . Boyens Buchverlag, Heide 2005, ISBN 3-8042-0703-0 , p. 37/38 .
  10. ^ Walter Hensen: The development of the fairway conditions in the Outer Elbe, in: Yearbook of the Hafenbautechnischen Gesellschaft, Vol. 18, 1939/40
  11. ↑ a b c d e Klaus Ubl: Fishing ports on the North and Baltic Sea coasts: Friedrichskoog , in: Deutscher Fischerei-Verband eV (Ed.), Fischerblatt 08/2012, pp. 13-18; accessed: May 20, 2020
  12. ↑ a b Brigitta Seidel: Krabbenfang , Society for Schleswig-Holstein History, accessed: May 20, 2020
  13. ↑ jje: Hanse used Friedrichskoog as a transshipment point , in: www.shz.de from February 10, 2012, accessed May 23, 2020.
  14. ↑ a b Schleswig-Holstein Administrative Court : Judgment of May 19 , 2015 - 3 A 165/14 , accessed: July 13, 2020
  15. ^ Research and Technology Center West Coast, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel: Alternatives for improving the access situation to the port of Friedrichskoog, North Sea , 2008–2010; accessed: August 11, 2020
  16. ↑ Schleswig-Holstein State Parliament: Printed matter 17/613 v. June 22, 2010, accessed May 29, 2013
  17. ↑ Dieter Brumm: Alone in the Harbor , shz.de from February 10, 2011; accessed: May 21, 2020
  18. ↑ a b Schleswig-Holstein State Parliament: Printed matter 18/3758 accessed June 6, 2020
  19. ↑ Andreas Hilmer: Peter Harry und die Krabbenfischer , in: Die Zeit No. 45/2010 of November 4, 2010, accessed May 24, 2020
  20. ↑ Schleswig-Holstein Higher Administrative Court: Judgment of April 28, 2016 - 4 LB 23/15 , accessed: February 23, 2020
  21. ↑ dpa / sir: The traditional port will be closed for good , in: Welt from May 19, 2015, accessed August 13, 2020
  22. ↑ Money from Hamburg possible . In: Daily port report of February 26, 2014, p. 3
  23. ↑ Kieler Volkszeitung July 28, 1932 according to Dithmarschen Wiki Friedrichskoog.
  24. ↑ State Statistical Office Schleswig-Holstein (Ed.): The population of the communities in Schleswig-Holstein 1867-1970 . State Statistical Office Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 1972, p. 44 .
  25. ↑ Community representative of the Friedrichskoog community
  26. ^ Pia Klatt, Kai Labrenz: Filmland Schleswig-Holstein . Boyens Buchverlag, Heide 2004, ISBN 3-8042-1138-0 , p. 124 .
  27. ↑ dpa: Seal station is being modernized for six million euros , in: Die Welt from December 16, 2019, accessed August 20, 2020.
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