Ban warden

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Lamphouse

Bannwart is the name common in the Alemannic- speaking area for a field guard, forest guard or vine guard, i.e. an official supervisor in rural areas. In addition to the high German term Bannwart , which is used in the Swiss written language, there are dialectal terms such as Bammert, Ba (a) wart, Baiwe (r) t, Bauert and the like.

The Bannwart corresponds in many ways on the one hand to the North German Büttel , on the other hand, with regard to forestry, to a group leader who reports to the forester today.

Responsibilities of the bannister in the present and recent past

Viticulture

In wine-growing areas, the Bammert or Räbbammert or Trübelbammert mainly had the task of protecting the ripe grapes in the vineyards from being destroyed by flocks of birds (especially starlings ). This was done through the use of loud rattles or by catching a bird, whose screams drove away the others. The service time of the Bammert was limited from the ripening of the first grapes to the end of the grape harvest, i.e. from around the beginning of September to mid / end of October. The Bammert was mostly not used by the municipality, but by the landowners' corporations enjoying public law (in Switzerland e.g. cooperative seeds , marrow cooperatives , corporations ).

Today there are no more official bammers. The task is provided by the local winemaker . You act on a voluntary basis with official approval. In addition to driving away birds, the area of ​​responsibility has expanded. Especially on weekends, tourists and hikers must be kept away from the vineyards, which are closed from the beginning of September, as these can also cause considerable damage through mouth robbery .

In the Alemannic Carnival , the Räbbammert is a fool's costume. He is a central figure of the Fasnacht / Fasent in the Offenburg witch guild.

Minted on the Räbbammert are Bammert sayings such as: Bammert, Bammert mit em skewer, d 'Trübli di sin zuckersiës, d' apples die sin suur, der Bammert isch e Lumbebuur ("Bammert, Bammert with the skewer, the grapes are sugar-sweet, die Apples are sour, Bammert is a rag farmer ”).

forestry

Until recently, the Bannwart was employed in forestry throughout German-speaking Switzerland ; officially it only exists today in the canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden . He was subordinate to the forester, his local deputy and thus responsible for a certain forest. In particular, he also had the function of a forest ranger.

Water management

In the Bernese Oberaargau the Wässerbammert was in charge of the irrigation systems .

Alpine farming

In the canton of Nidwalden, Baiwert refers to the head or supervisor of a common alp .

Lower municipal security service

Since the late 20th and early 21st centuries, new bannwart posts have been created in a number of communities in the lower Basel area. Such a ban warden controls compliance with communal and cantonal regulations in the area of ​​waste disposal, dog ownership and the like and has the authority to report violations to the municipal council.

Historical

Historically, the bannwart has the function of monitoring compliance with official regulations on behalf of a manor and also performed subordinate official functions. Bann originally meant authoritarian royal commandment or prohibition under penalty. The modern tasks as a supervisor in the vineyard, forest and field make this clear. The late medieval function of the guard as a messenger or bailiff was lost even before 1800.

Surnames

The function of the bannwarts in the area of ​​what is now Switzerland and south-west Germany was first established as an epithet and finally as a family name ; the name customer speaks of a so-called professional or official name .

In Switzerland the form Bannwart (already established before 1800 in the cantons of Bern, Lucerne, Obwalden, St. Gallen, Solothurn, Thurgau) prevails , in Baden Bannwarth (strongly represented in the districts of Emmendingen, Lörrach and Waldshut). Dialectal forms that appear as family names are for example Bammert (in Switzerland before 1800 in the canton of Lucerne; in Baden-Württemberg strongly represented in the Baden districts of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald, Emmendingen and Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis as well as in the city of Freiburg i. Br. Or in the Württemberg districts of Alb-Donau-Kreis, Biberach and Ravensburg), Bamert (before 1800: Canton Schwyz) and Bauert (before 1800: Canton Zurich; for dialect-geographic reasons, however, unsure whether it belongs to Bannwart).

See also

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Schweizerisches Idiotikon , Volume XVI Sp. 1578/9 . In the Ortenau, the Bannwart was once called the goose devil . Goose devil . In: Prussian Academy of Sciences (Hrsg.): German legal dictionary . tape 3 , Issue 8 (edited by Eberhard von Künßberg ). Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar, Sp. 1160 ( adw.uni-heidelberg.de - publication date between 1935 and 1938).
  2. ↑ Schweizerisches Idiotikon , Volume IV Sp. 1270.
  3. ↑ Information according to the family name book of Switzerland , verwandt.de and Schweizerischer Idiotikon ; see also Historisch-Biographisches Lexikon der Schweiz , Volume I, p. 562 f.