Ban mile

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This article or paragraph describes the situation in Germany , Austria and Switzerland . Help me to describe the situation in other countries.

Signs for the ban circle around the Berlin House of Representatives

The ban mile (derived from the legal term ban ), also bannkreis or pacified district , is a protection zone around the meeting places of the legislative bodies of the federal government (especially the Bundestag and Bundesrat ) and the states ( state parliaments ) as well as the Federal Constitutional Court , in which public meetings are prohibited and only in exceptional cases allowed are. In this way, protection from criminal coercion by constitutional organs is intended in advance .

Sometimes the ban mile is also referred to as a prohibited zone . It could be z. B. trade bans or entry bans.

Germany

Ban mile around the German Bundestag

The ban mile denotes the spatial area of ​​the legislative bodies of the federal (Bundestag) and the states (Bundesrat) as well as the Federal Constitutional Court, within which demonstrations are prohibited ( § 16 VersG , § 1 BefBezG). The ban mile around federal organs is also called the pacified district . These areas are delimited by special laws (for the federal government: “ Law on pacified districts for federal constitutional organs” - BefBezG). Demonstrations in the ban mile are also permitted if no disturbance is expected. This applies especially on days when there are no sessions (Section 3 BefBezG).

The spell in the current sense goes back to the law on pacifying the buildings of the Reichstag and the state parliaments from 1920, which the German National Assembly passed on January 13, 1920 under the impression of the massacre before the Reichstag . While she was discussing the Works Council Act , a crowd that had gathered after a protest by the USPD and KPD allegedly tried to storm the building repeatedly. The head of the Berlin Security Brigade, Walther von Lüttwitz , finally had fire opened on those gathered, killing 42 people and injuring 105.

During elections there is a kind of ban mile in the vicinity of polling stations , where agitation by the parties is prohibited. In Germany, the scope is not determined by law, but is determined by local ordinances to a range of usually 10 to 50 meters.

Austria

The term does not officially exist in Austria. While the National Council , the Federal Council , the Federal Assembly or a Landtag is in session , according to the Assembly Act, no outdoor assembly may take place within 300 meters of their seat.

Colloquially, the term is also used, for example, for zones around a polling station, which are marked by white markings. Political agitation is prohibited within this zone during the election period. But also the protection zones , which can mainly be imposed around schools to keep dealers away from students, are colloquially called this.

Switzerland

In Switzerland, no rallies are allowed during the session of the federal councils on the Bundesplatz in Bern .

Historical

The ban mile was originally a defined area around a city in which, in order to protect their own trade, no foreign traders were allowed to offer their goods for sale. This ban mile was lifted on big market days.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Tobias Kaiser: The invention of the "ban mile" in the Weimar Republic. Police and symbolic shelter with a contradicting history. In: History in Science and Education 71, Issue 5/6 (2020), pp. 261–279.

Web links

Wiktionary: Bannmeile  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations