Swabian dictionary
The Swabian dictionary is one of the scientifically developed large scenic Dictionary of German . It documents the recent and historical language spoken in the central and eastern part of Baden-Württemberg , in the south-western part of Bavaria and in some neighboring areas of Tyrol .
Characteristic
Geographical space
Spatially, the Swabian dictionary covers the entire area of the former Kingdom of Württemberg and the former Prussian government district Sigmaringen ( Hohenzollernsche Lande ), further Bavaria southwest of the Wörnitz and west of the Lech ( Bavarian Swabia ), from Tyrol the Tannheimer Tal and the Lechtal near Reutte as well as from former Grand Duchy of Baden the part east of the Neuhausen o. E. – Stockach – Ludwigshafen line.
The neighboring large-scale dictionaries are to the west, north and south-west the Baden dictionary , to the south the Swiss Idiotikon , the Vorarlberg dictionary and the dictionary of Bavarian dialects in Austria , to the east the Bavarian dictionary and to the north-east the Franconian dictionary .
Language area
While the western and eastern borders of the processing area are based on the extension of the Swabian dialect, as a result of the decision to include all of Württemberg, it extends far into the southern Franconian region in the north and into the Middle Alemannic region in the south .
Period
The Swabian dictionary belongs to that group of large-scale dictionaries that not only documents the dialect that was alive when the dictionary was collected and edited, but also the historical language. It thus covers both the Swabian dialect and the Swabian office language and thus a period from the late Middle Ages to the early 20th century.
content
The dictionary documents on the one hand the spoken and dialect literary written vocabulary as it was common in the decades before and after 1900, and on the other hand the historical vocabulary from legal sources, documents, chronicles and other written evidence.
presentation
The order of the words is largely smooth alphabetical; an exception to this is the summary of the initials b / p, d / t, f / v and k / q. The lemmatization takes place essentially according to the written language or a written language intended form; Superscript n (i.e. not spoken n, for example in the ending of the infinitive) means that the word is alive, subscript n that it only occurs in historical language. The † preceding the lemma or a meaning indicates that the word or the respective meaning has become extinct. In Teuthonista , the implementation of the key word in the various dialects is reproduced after the lemma. The records are given in italics if they belong to the living dialect, upright if they come from historical sources.
Target audience
The Swabian dictionary is aimed at linguists, folklorists and representatives of other disciplines as well as interested laypeople.
history
The initiator was Adelbert von Keller (1812-1883), who wanted to create a Swabian dictionary based on the model of Johann Andreas Schmeller's Bavarian dictionary and created a collection of 300,000 to 400,000 pieces of paper, notes on songs, customs and about 400 essays. However, he was no longer able to fully organize the material. Hermann Fischer (1851–1920), who was Keller's pupil from 1869 to 1873, took on the task of creating the dictionary in consultation with his teacher.
In 1886 Fischer sent questionnaires to the parishes of Württemberg, Hohenzollern, Southeast Baden, Bavarian Swabia, Bavarian Tyrol and Northeastern Switzerland and, in ten years of work, created his Geography of Swabian Dialect, published in 1895 , which formed a further basis for the dictionary. He then set about completing Keller's material, filling gaps in time and space and, in 1897/98, evaluating in particular the holdings of the Stuttgart State and Court Library and the Tübingen University Library . At the start of publication, the material thus comprised around 650,000 pieces of paper; it was continuously updated until the end of the work.
The first delivery of the Swabian dictionary appeared in 1901. Fischer was the sole editor until his death in 1920, but had a few helpers, of which Wilhelm Pfleiderer (1878–1953) should be mentioned in particular . Pfleiderer had already worked on the first volume and in 1920 took over the editing of the dictionary, which he was able to complete. The last 84th shipment came out in 1936.
A one-volume abridged edition of the Swabian dictionary is the first time in 1986 published Swabian Handwörterbuch .
publication
-
Swabian dictionary. On the basis of the Adalbert v. Keller and edited with the support of the Württemberg state by Hermann Fischer. Completed by Wilhelm Pfleiderer. Volumes I – VI.2 Tübingen 1901–1936.
- Volume 1 (A-B / P) 1901-1904
- Volume 2 (D / TE - F / V) 1905-1908
- Volume 3 (G-H) 1908-1911
- Volume 4 (I-N) 1911-1914
- Volume 5 (O-S) 1915-1920
- Volume 6.1 (U-Z) 1920-1924
- Volume 6.2 (supplements) 1925–1936
- Swabian concise dictionary. Based on the "Swabian Dictionary" by Hermann Fischer † and Wilhelm Pfleiderer † edited by Hermann Fischer and Hermann Taigel. Tübingen 1986. 3rd edition 1999. ISBN 3-16-147063-X .
literature
- Preface by Hermann Fischer and Wilhelm Pfleiderer in Volumes I – V and VI.2.
- Arno Ruoff: Hermann Fischer. 1851-1920. In: On the history of folklore and dialect research in Württemberg. Helmut Dölker on his 60th birthday. Published by the Tübinger Vereinigung für Volkskunde e. V. Tübingen 1964, pp. 171-192 (with a bibliography).
