Bavarian dictionary

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Johann Andreas Schmeller

The Bavarian dictionary is one of the large-scale German dictionaries . It is funded by the Bavarian Academy of Sciences .

Characteristic

The Bavarian Dictionary is an alphabetical dictionary of Bavarian dialects in Bavaria today and in the past. It thus includes the vocabulary from Bavarian sources since the beginning of written tradition in the Old High German language period.

Material base

The dictionary index consists of around 4 million excerpts from literature as well as free dialect collections and the returns from 3 written surveys. In the area of ​​the older language, a representative selection was sought. A list of sources and collectors appeared at the same time as the first delivery. The evidence is available in non-digital form on standardized slips of paper. The keyword can be found on it, often in a sentence context.

In principle, it is based on a closed corpus of documents, which has been supplemented to this day by sending “word lists” in order to close gaps in the documents. The number of informants who fill out these lists of words on a voluntary basis is currently around 500. They are dialect speakers from all regions of Bavaria in which Bavarian is spoken.

history

The Bavarian dictionary by Johann Andreas Schmeller , which was created between 1827 and 1837 and represents the first scientific study of the Bavarian language, is considered to be the forerunner .

The Commission for Dialect Research of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences was founded in 1911 with the aim of creating a joint Bavarian dialect dictionary in cooperation with the Academy of Sciences in Vienna . The Munich office was launched in 1912. According to the work plan, each academy was responsible for collecting and organizing vocabulary on its own territory. After the completion of this work, the transfer of the material collected and processed in Munich to Vienna was planned for the creation of the dictionary articles.

From 1913 to 1933 109 "systematic" questionnaires were sent out, each containing detailed questions about work and the culture of rural life (e.g. "wedding", "field cultivation", "bread baking"), from 1927 to 1940 293 "dialect geographic" Questionnaires. Prof. Kraus was in charge of the office of the Bavarian Dictionary Commission. From 1918 to 1934, Dr. Friedrich Lüers is employed, who developed the dialect questionnaires and had them distributed throughout Bavaria via teachers at elementary schools and secondary schools. The return of the questionnaires was "bogged down" in painstaking detailed work and is still partly the basis of the current new edition of the Bavarian dictionary. For his work, Dr. Lüers was awarded the Bavarian “Bene Merenti” silver medal of merit. With the collaboration and then direction of Eberhard Kranzmayer , the focus was on the project of an Austrian-Bavarian dialect atlas, which could not be published due to the effects of the war.

After 1946, the Munich office was rebuilt under the direction of Otto Basler. In 1961, the Munich and Vienna commissions separated. Soon afterwards the dictionary of Bavarian dialects in Austria began to appear in Vienna .

In 1959, the Munich Academy hired Ingo Reiffenstein, the first full-time editor-in-chief of the Bavarian dictionary. Approaches to publication, which were given up after Reiffenstein's departure in 1961, led to the insight that the material had to be supplemented by a third survey, which began in 1958 with the sending of the above-mentioned "word lists". In 1988 Anthony Rowley became editor-in-chief, under whose direction the dictionary began to be published in the form of regular deliveries (usually one booklet per year) in 1993. As of October 2014, nineteen deliveries have appeared covering the letter range A to BRI. Deliveries one to eight form the first volume of the Bavarian Dictionary, which was published in bound form in 2002, the second volume with deliveries nine to seventeen appeared in 2012. The expected completion of the entire work, which is to comprise ten volumes, is planned for around 2070 .

Andrea Schamberger-Hirt has been the editorial manager and managing director of the Bavarian Dictionary since 2019; Anthony Rowley serves as the project leader and committee chair. In addition to Andrea Schamberger-Hirt, the editorial team currently includes the editors Edith Burkhart-Funk, Josef Denz, Felicitas Erhard, Michael Schnabel and Vincenz Schwab.

literature

  • Bavarian dictionary by Johann Andreas Schmeller. 2 vols. Munich 1827-1837; 2nd edition enlarged with the author's addenda, edited by G [eorg] Karl Frommann, Munich 1872–1877
  • O. Basler: The Bavarian Dictionary, In: Journal for Bavarian State History 15 (1949), Issue 2, pp. 32-36
  • J. Denz: From the workshop of the new Bavarian dictionary. In: Die Oberpfalz 78 (1990), pp. 112-116
  • J. Denz: To the history of the new Bavarian dictionary . In: Die Arnika 23 (1990), pp. 84-86
  • E. Kranzmayer: Tasks and goals of the Munich dictionary commission . In: Unser Egerland, 1941, pp. 37–42
  • E. Kranzmayer, F. Lüers: From the workshop of the dictionary . In: Bayerische Wochenschrift für Pflege von Heimat und Volkstum 6 (1928), pp. 270–271
  • H. Leskien: Forty years of Munich's occupation with Bavarian . In: Folk Culture and Home. Festschrift for Josef Dünninger on his 80th birthday. Würzburg 1986, pp. 267-291 (v. A. Pp. 269-272)
  • F. Lüers: Dialect research in Bavaria . In: The contemplation. Entertainment supplement to "Münchner Latest Nachrichten", 2nd year (June 30, 1921), pp. 165–167
  • F. Lüers: The dictionary commission's first dialect-geographic questionnaire . In: Bayerische Wochenschrift für Pflege von Heimat und Volkstum 5 (1927), pp. 310-311
  • F. Lüers: Bavarian dialect. How the questionnaires are created . In: Bayerische Wochenschrift für Pflege von Heimat und Volkstum 7 (1929), pp. 378–381
  • F. Lüers: Dialect research and teaching staff in Bavaria . In: Bayerische Wochenschrift für Pflege von Heimat und Volkstum 9 (1931), pp. 210–221
  • F. Lüers: With new experiences in the year , In: Bayerische Wochenschrift für Pflege von Heimat und Volkstum 10 (1932), pp. 1–4
  • F. Lüers: The course of work in the office of the dictionary commission . In: Heimat und Volkstum 12 (1934), pp. 17–25, 33–40, 49–54, 65–68, 81–84
  • I. Reiffenstein: Tools for local research and local history - II . In: The Bavarian Dictionary, Schönere Heimat. Heritage and present. Ed. V. Bavarian National Association for Home Care e. V., 47 (1958), pp. 557-564
  • I. Reiffenstein: The Bavarian Dictionary . In: Orbis 13 (1964), pp. 110-119;
  • I. Reiffenstein: Bavarian dictionary . In: Zeitschrift für Mundartforschung 32 (1965), pp. 125–127
  • M. Renn and W. König: Small Bavarian Language Atlas . Munich, DTV, 2006. ISBN 3-423-03328-2
  • G. Ronde: The Bavarian Dictionary . In: Dialect Lexicography. Reports on the status and methods of German dialect dictionaries. Ceremony for Luise Berthold on her 85th birthday. Ed. V. H. Friebertshäuser, ZDL. Supplements NF 17, Wiesbaden 1976, pp. 49-64
  • R. Rothleitner: German dialect research (3rd – 5th continuation). In: Heimat und Volkstum 14 (1936), pp. 97-101, 113-118, 129-133
  • Anthony Rowley: From Schmeller's “Bavarian Dictionary” to the new Bavarian Dictionary of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences in Munich, regarding Schmeller's estate (...) . In: Yearbook of the Johann Andreas Schmeller Society 1990. Ed. I. Scherm, Grafenau 1991, pp. 158-164; Dictionary commission of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences in Munich, Zeitschrift für Bayerische Landesgeschichte 9 (1936), pp. 119–122.

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