Dictionary of Bavarian dialects in Austria

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The dictionary of Bavarian dialects in Austria (WBÖ) is a large-scale dictionary in which the Bavarian vocabulary is documented in Austria and neighboring areas such as South Tyrol .

type

The WBÖ represents the Bavarian vocabulary of Austria on a scientific basis under a synchronous and (until 2015, volumes 1–5) diachronic aspect. The WBÖ is primarily aimed at scientists (linguists, dialectologists, onomologists, loanword researchers, historians, folklorists), but also to lay people interested in dialects.

Since the collecting activity for the WBÖ (since 1913) has mainly concentrated on the linguistic, material and imaginative world of the established farmers and craftsmen, the focus of the vocabulary description and representation is in the basic dialectal area, higher-level language forms are considered more marginally. Today the WBÖ mainly documents the spoken dialects of the first half of the 20th century. The lemmatization of exclusively historical words, the documentation of purely historical meanings and the citing of historical evidence were given up in 2016/17. Lemma approach and sound representation in the WBÖ - following the concept of lexicography of the 18th and 19th centuries - are anchored in the history of language.

The processing area, the extent of which is explained by the political-territorial conditions at the time of the WBÖ's foundation (1911), includes today's Republic of Austria (excluding the Alemannic-speaking area in Vorarlberg ), the Swiss Samnaun , South Tyrol , South Moravia , South Bohemia , the Lower Bohemian Forest , some Bavarian locations on today's Hungarian-Austrian border (on Hungarian territory) as well as the linguistic islands populated from the Bavarian-Austrian interior . Until the streamlining concept adopted in 1998, the WBÖ also took into account the middle and upper Bohemian Forest, the Egerland with Iglau and some isolated locations in Slovenia , western Hungary, Romania and Slovakia .

history

  • Foundation of the dictionary company (the commission for the creation of the Austrian-Bavarian dictionary and for researching our dialects) on March 15, 1911 (around the same time the commission of the sister company Bavarian dictionary was founded in Munich).
  • Approval of the “work plan and rules of procedure for the Bavarian-Austrian dictionary” by the class meetings of the academies in Vienna and Munich (end of 1912).
  • Establishment of the dictionary office and start of questionnaire surveys (coordinated with Munich) in 1913.
  • Chairman of the Vienna Commission: Professors Joseph Seemüller (1911 to 1920), Paul Kretschmer (1920 to 1956), Dietrich Kralik (1956 to 1959), Richard Meister (1959 to 1965), Otto Höfler (1965 to 1967), Eberhard Kranzmayer ( 1967 to 1975), Ingo Reiffenstein , Peter Wiesinger . Leading editors: Anton Pfalz , Viktor Dollmayr , Eberhard Kranzmayer, Maria Hornung , Werner Bauer , Ingeborg Geyer , Franz Roitinger
  • 1961 final abandonment of the plan to publish the dictionary coordinated with Munich
  • Start of publication in 1963
  • Since May 28, 1969: Commission for Dialectology and Name Research,
  • Since January 1, 1993: Establishment of Austrian dialect and name lexicons,
  • Since January 21, 1994: Institute for Austrian Dialect and Name Lexicons
  • 1998 Adoption of a streamlining concept
  • 2015: temporary suspension of the project
  • 2016/17: Resumption of dictionary work and adoption of a new concept according to which, among other things, the historical vocabulary should no longer be taken into account

The WBÖ has been further processed since December 2016 at the research department "Variation and Change of German in Austria" at the Austrian Center for Digital Humanities (ACDH) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (currently [2017] on dictionary articles from the letter F ). The integration into the newly founded department enables a close exchange with other projects based there such as the project “Austrian Dialect Cartography 1924–1956. Digitization, Contextualization, Visualization ”or the special research area (SFB)“ German in Austria. Variation - Contact - Perception ”.

Sources and material base

The WBÖ's documentary material comprises an estimated 4 million individual notes. These are essentially:

  • Questionnaire responses and free collections from laypeople (approx. 55%): From 1913 to 1932, 109 predominantly objective questionnaires were sent to each of the school locations of the Habsburg Monarchy at that time (estimated 400 to 500 informants). The collectors wrote down the answers on notepads sent with them; Between 1928 and 1935, 300 to 500 informants were asked for information on geographic questions using 9 question lists (the lists were later bogged down); Two smaller questionnaires followed in 1941 and 1960. The free collections were put together by lay researchers interested in the dialects in years of detailed work.
  • Evidence collected by phonetic / linguistic trained staff (approx. 35%): Dialectic surveys by explorers; Evidence from phonological and verbal studies and local monographs (especially dissertations), some evidence from language atlases; Excerpts from tape recordings.
  • Excerpts from historical and literary sources (approx. 10%): wisdoms, land records, documents (books), chronicles, inventories, account books and the like; historical-literary monuments (e.g. Meier Helmbrecht); Dialect poems (e.g. Stelzhamer, Artmann).

The documentary material available in slip format was entered into the so-called database of Bavarian dialects in Austria (DBÖ) and digitized between 1993 and 2011.

Currently (2017) work is being done on an online research platform on the lexicons of Bavarian dialects in Austria, the integral components of which are the dictionary articles and the networking with the DBÖ and the scans of the original handout documents.

Publication status

  • Start of publication: 1963
  • Volume 1 (A) 1970
  • Volume 2 (B / P - District) 1976
  • Volume 3 (Pf - C) 1983
  • Volume 4 (D / T - tętzig) 1998
  • Volume 5 (eng - Ęzzes) 2015

See also

literature

  • Werner Bauer : The questionnaire surveys in the German dialect dictionaries. In: Lexicography of Dialects. Contributions to history, theory and practice. Edited by Hans Friebertshäuser. Tübingen 1986, pp. 93-102 and 231-260.
  • Werner Bauer: To the representation of the dialect vocabulary in the dictionary. In: Language and dialect in Upper Austria. Lectures of the 1st workshop on May 13th and 14th, 1988 in Castle Zell ad Pram. Edited by Johann Lachinger, Hermann Scheuringer and Herbert Tatzreiter (= writings on literature and language in Upper Austria 1). Linz 1989, pp. 16-35.
  • Werner Bauer: Possibilities and limits of the description of meanings in the dialect dictionary. In: Capturing and describing meaning in historical and dialectological dictionaries. Contribution to a working conference of German-language dictionaries, projects at academies and universities from March 7th to 9th, 1996 on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the Saxon Academy of Sciences in Leipzig. Edited by Rudolf Grosse. Stuttgart / Leipzig 1998, pp. 27-33.
  • Werner Bauer: Historical sources of the WBÖ on the Bavarian-Austrian language varieties of the 14th-19th centuries Century. In: Problems of Text Selection for an Electronic Thesaurus. Contributions to the first Göttingen working discussion on historical German word research November 1 and 2, 1996. Ed. Rolf Bergmann. Stuttgart / Leipzig 1998, pp. 81-103.
  • Werner Bauer: The scientific research into the dialects of Austria. The Viennese dialectological school. In: Contributions to Austrian literary history. Messages from the dialect friends of Austria 48–52 (1998). Vienna 1998, pp. 25-40.
  • Ingeborg Geyer, Isolde Hausner: Austrian dialect and name lexicons. In: InfoNet-AUSTRIA. Austria's information landscape in cross section. Edited by the Austrian National Library. Vienna 1998.
  • Ingeborg Geyer: "Conceptual articles" in dialect dictionaries. In: Files of the 10th International Germanist Conference Vienna 2000 "Turn of the century - German studies on the way from the 20th to the 21st century". Volume 2. Edited by Peter Wiesinger with the assistance of Hans Derkits. (= Yearbook for International German Studies, Series A, Congress Reports, Vol. 54). Lang, Bern a. a. 2002, pp. 263-269.
  • Ingeborg Geyer: Working report on the dictionary of Bavarian dialects in Austria. In: Linzerschnitte. Contributions to the 8th Bavarian-Austrian Dialectologist Conference, at the same time the 3rd workshop on language and dialect in Upper Austria in Linz, September 2001. Edited by Stephan Gaisbauer and Hermann Scheuringer . Linz 2004, pp. 583-588.
  • Ingeborg Geyer: Presentation in large landscape dictionaries in the field of tension between time and space using the example of the dictionary of Bavarian dialects in Austria (WBÖ). In: Sabine Krämer-Neubert, Norbert Richard Wolf (ed.): Bavarian Dialectology. Files of the International Dialectological Conference 26. – 28. February 2002 (International Dialectological Conference, February 26-28, 2002). (= Writings for the Bavarian Language Atlas, ed. By L. Eichinger, H.-W. Eroms, R. Hinderling, W. König, H. H. Munske and others). Winter, Heidelberg 2006, pp. 195-204.
  • Maria Hornung : Dictionary of Bavarian dialects in Austria. In: Dialect Lexicography. Reports on the status and methods of German dialect dictionaries. Ceremony for Luise Berthold on her 85th birthday on January 27, 1976. Ed. Hans Friebertshäuser (= journal for dialectology and linguistics. Supplements 17 [new series]). Wiesbaden 1976, pp. 37-47.
  • Eberhard Kranzmayer : The Academy's work on the Austrian-Bavarian dialect dictionary (organization and implementation, task and scientific significance). In: Anzeiger der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philosophical-historical class 88 (1951), pp. 113–123.
  • Ingo Reiffenstein : The new streamlining concept for the dictionary of Bavarian dialects in Austria (WBÖ). In: Anzeiger der philosophisch-historical Klasse 134/2 (1997–1999), pp. 113–126.
  • Michaela Schwegler: Dialect research using the example of the “Dictionary of Bavarian Dialects in Austria”. In: Augsburger Volkskundliche Nachrichten 5 (1999), pp. 111–117.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Website of the ÖAW funding program Go! Digital. Retrieved April 27, 2017.
  2. ^ Website of the SFB German in Austria (DiÖ). Retrieved April 27, 2017.