Anton Palatinate

Anton Pfalz (born December 4, 1885 in Deutsch-Wagram , † November 11, 1958 in Zipf, Upper Austria ) was an Austrian linguist .

He worked as a dialect researcher and dialect geographer. In addition, he was a professor at the University of Vienna and headed the “Vienna Dictionary Chancellery” for many years (today the Institute for Austrian Dialect and Name Lexicons of the Austrian Academy of Sciences ).

Life

Born as the son of a wealthy postmaster and a born baroness v. Benz-Albkron first attended the Schottengymnasium in Vienna after the elementary school in his place of birth , but then went to the Landes-Realgymnasium in Stockerau until he graduated . This was followed by studying German and classical philology at the University of Vienna a. a. with Rudolf Much and Joseph Seemüller (1855-1919), from whom he received his doctorate in 1910 with a dissertation on the " phonetic theory of the dialect of Deutsch-Wagram and the surrounding area ". In 1911, Pfalz also passed the teaching examinations for higher schools (at that time "middle schools") in German and Latin, but after the so-called probationary year at the Maximiliansgymnasium in Vienna , he never taught at a school again. Before that, he had already familiarized himself with Walter Steinhauser (1885–1980) at the Schweizerischer Idiotikon and was familiarized with practical dialect research issues from Primus Lessiak in Freiburg / Friborg in Switzerland. With him he undertook an arduous journey with mules and heavy technical equipment to the plateau of the Sette Commune to the seven municipalities in what was then Welsch-Tirol, the province of Trento, in order to make the first phonogram recordings of Cimbrian for the phonogram archive in Vienna still exist today. As a result, the Cimbrian of the Seven Congregations is one of those privileged languages ​​of which authentic tape recordings already existed from such an early age.

In 1911 the chancellery for the creation of a Bavarian-Austrian dictionary, the “Vienna Dictionary Chancellery ”, of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, was founded in the Palatinate from 1912–1920 as a research assistant and which he headed from 1920 until his dismissal in 1945. In 1919 his habilitation was due to the suffixation of personal pronouns in Danube Bavarian and the series of steps in vowelism , and seven years later the lecturer was honored with the award of the professional title of "extraordinary university professor" ("tit.ao.Prof.") - without a job. . However, in that year Palatinate also received a teaching position for German dialect research and folklore at the University of Vienna, where the titular associate professor finally received an extraordinary professorship for the history of the German language and older German literature in 1931 and was also entrusted with the management of the phonetic teaching apparatus in 1940 has been. In 1939 he was accepted as a corresponding member of the "Academy of Sciences in Vienna" .

From 1919 to 1928 the Palatinate was a member of the Greater German People's Party , which resolutely advocated the unification of Austria with the German Reich (the " Anschluss "), which was forbidden in the Peace of St. Germain , but which many members left after losing their government participation in 1927. In the following years he was a member of the Nazi teachers' association until it was banned in the corporate state , which made him a step ahead of most of the other members of the Greater German People's Party, who only joined the NSDAP in 1938 after the "Anschluss" . In 1934, however, he joined the "non-partisan" Patriotic Front of Engelbert Dollfuss , which was a duty of all public servants "loyal to the government", but in 1937 he also became a member of the banned NSDAP, an "illegal" like his academic student Eberhard Kranzmayer . In 1943 he became the press officer of the National Socialist Lecturer Association for the Philosophical Faculty of the University of Vienna, which meant the rank of "Gau Main Office Leader". While others incriminated professors at the University of Vienna were allowed to continue their teaching activities after the end of World War II after the end of the Second World War in 1945, his illegality party membership and his function in the Nazi Lecturer Association resulted in his dismissal, and Viktor Dollmayr succeeded him in the dictionary office. In 1947, Palatinate was classified as having only a “minor burden” under the Prohibition Act and retired in 1949.

Palatinate belonged to the anti-Semitic professor network “ Bärenhöhle ”, whose secret work made it difficult for Jewish and left-wing scientists in the interwar period to obtain a habilitation or appointment at the Philosophical Faculty of the University of Vienna, which at that time comprised all humanities and natural sciences .

In Vienna- Donaustadt (22nd district) the Pfalzgasse was named after him.

meaning

From today's point of view, Anton Pfalz was pioneering in the German-speaking world in recognizing the importance of phonology for linguistics. While it did not begin in the north until 1960, Palatinate had already described the phonology of its native dialect area a quarter of a century earlier. He was one of the founders of the Viennese dialectological school, which was established around 1910, and it was he who first advocated the effectiveness of internal linguistic powers by showing the way forward in 1918 with the principle of “row steps”. His personal intercourse in Vienna with Nikolai Sergejewitsch Trubetzkoy , who in turn used data from Palatinate for his own work, then led Palatinate to his authoritative work in this area in the German-speaking area.

Publications (selection)

• Series steps in vocalism. In: Contributions to the customer of the Bavarian-Austrian. Mundarten 1 (= meeting reports of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, Phil.-histor. Kl., 190/2) Vienna 1918, pp. 22–42.
• Suffixation of personal pronouns in Danube Bavarian, Hölder-Kommssionsverlag, Vienna 1918.
• The dialect of Marchfeld (= communications from the Phonogram Archive Commission 27, meeting reports of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in Vienna 170.6), Vienna 1913.
• Dialect geographic samples. XII. Report of the commission for the Bavarian-Austrian dictionary for 1924 (= Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften, Phil.-hist.Kl. 1925), Vienna 1925 pp. 9–24.
• Basics of dialect research. In: German Research. FS for the 60th anniversary of the foundation festival of the Vienna Academic German Association. Vienna 1925, pp. 205–226.
• On the phonology of the Bavarian-Austrian dialect, In: Lebendiges Erbe , FS Ernst Reclam, Leipzig 1936, pp. 9-19.
• The dialects of the northern Danube region. In: Deutsches Archiv für Landes- und Volksforschung 1, (1937) pp. 653–668.
• The tradition of the Deutschenspiegel (= research on the German legal books 1., session reports of the Academy of Sciences 191.1), Vienna 1919.
• Leopold Nowak, Adolf Koczirz, Anton Pfalz: The German society song in Austria from 1480 to 1550 (= monuments of music art in Austria DTÖ 72), Universal-Ed., Vienna 1930.

Edition work:

• German dialect series 1908–1918 (with Joseph Seemüller).
• Series of researches on German legal books 1919–1938 (with Hans Voltelini ).
• Austrian warrior and Wehrmacht songs from 1809 , Vienna 1905.
• Pamphlets, ed. for the benefit of the war memorial fund in Deutsch-Wagram , Deutsch-Wagram 1906.

literature

• Uwe Baur: Table of habilitated Germanists, theater scholars and folklorists 1938–1945 in Austria , in "A majority of methods must be available ...". “Inner emigration” of a Germanist: Hugo (v.) Kleinmayr. In: Johann Holzner, Karl Müller (Hrsg.): Literature of "Inner Emigration" from Austria . Döcker, Vienna 1998, ISBN 3-85115-242-5 , pp. 357-375 ( PDF; 181 kB ).
• Werner Besch: Dialectology. A manual for German and general dialect research . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin and New York 1982, ISBN 3-11-005977-0 , p. 190.
• Christoph König (Ed.), With the collaboration of Birgit Wägenbaur u. a .: Internationales Germanistenlexikon 1800–1950 . Volume 2: H-Q. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2003, ISBN 3-11-015485-4 , pp. 1396-1397.
• Eberhard Kranzmayer: Anton Pfalz. Obituary. In: Almanach der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 108th vol. (1958), Vienna 1959, pp. 383–391.
• Irene Ranzmaier: German studies at the University of Vienna at the time of National Socialism. Careers, Conflict, and Science . Böhlau, Vienna et al. 2005, ISBN 3-205-77332-2 . (on this: Review by Frank-Rutger Hausmann ; conversation with Irene Ranzmaier ).
• Ingo Reiffenstein: The history of the "Dictionary of Bavarian Dialects in Austria" (WBÖ). Words and things in the light of cultural history. In: Isolde Hausner, Peter Wiesinger (Ed.): German word research as cultural history. Contributions to the international symposium on the occasion of the 90th anniversary of the dictionary office of the Austrian Academy of Sciences 25.-27. September 2003 (= meeting reports of the phil.-hist. Class 720). ÖAW, Vienna 2005, ISBN 978-3-7001-3399-5 (print), ISBN 978-3-7001-3583-8 ( online edition; PDF file ), pp. 1–14.
• Peter Wiesinger : System developments in German in the field of vocalism. In: Werner Besch: Sprachgeschichte: A handbook on the history of the German language and its research . 3rd subband. 2nd Edition. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin and New York 1998, ISBN 3-11-015883-3 , pp. 205-226.

Web links

• Entry on Anton Pfalz in the Austria Forum  (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon )
• Institute for Austrian Dialect and Name Lexicons (DINAMLEX)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Strongly abbreviated as Die Mundart des Marchfeldes , 1913; s. "Publications".
2. ↑ A "trial teacher" in Austria roughly corresponded to the student trainee , the "trial year", at that time without remuneration, the trainee period .
3. ↑ Audio sample (PDF; 5.3 MB) from: Anthony Rowley: A journey into the time of the minstrels. From the linguistic islands of the Zimbri and the Fersentaler . P. 20.
4. ↑ s. "Publications".
5. ↑ The German Institute of the University of Vienna ( Memento from June 1, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) simplifies the career of Palatinate somewhat: "From 1919, Anton Pfalz was university professor for German language and older German literature at the University of Vienna and was a leading employee of the Dictionary office of the Austrian Academy of Sciences ".
6. ↑ Simone Krems Berger: Joseph Nadler and Co .: Science and National Socialism. German studies at the University of Vienna at the time of National Socialism. Chapter: Denazification of the Institute . University of Vienna online newspaper, June 2, 2003.
7. ↑ Internationales Germanistenlexikon ed. v. Christoph König, de Gruyter, Berlin – New York 2003, pp. 1396–1397.
8. ^ Kurt Ehrenberg: Othenio Abel's life path, using autobiographical records. Kurt Ehrenberg, Vienna 1975, p. 85 f., Evaluated by Klaus Taschwer: Secret thing Bärenhöhle. How an anti-Semitic professor cartel from the University of Vienna expelled Jewish and left-wing researchers after 1918. In: Regina Fritz, Grzegorz Rossoliński-Liebe, Jana Starek (Ed.): Alma mater antisemitica: Academic milieu, Jews and anti-Semitism at the universities of Europe between 1918 and 1939. Volume 3, new academic press, Vienna 2016, p. 221– 242, here p. 230 ( online ).
9. ↑ Joachim Hartig & Gisbert Keseling : Low German dialect research of the home countries. In: Ludwig Erich Schmitt (ed.): Germanic dialectology. Festschrift for Walther Mitzka on his 80th birthday. Vol. 2. Steiner, Wiesbaden 1968, p. 156.
10. ↑ Werner Besch: Dialektologie. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1982, p. 190.
11. ↑ Maria Hornung : The East Tyrolean peasant language islands Pladen and Zahre in Oberkarnien. In: Osttiroler Heimatblätter. Vol. 28, No. 5, May 26, 1960