Trainee teacher training

In Germany, the teaching traineeship is the “second phase” of teacher training, the so-called preparatory service , for teaching at general and vocational schools.

Strictly speaking, it is only a legal clerkship if the preparatory service for the higher service is completed. Especially in the federal states, which have merged the higher and the higher service into one career group, all applicants are often referred to as trainee lawyers regardless of the desired career. In the following, the generic terms preparatory service and candidate are used instead of career-specific terms.

The contenders in the field of teacher education / teacher training wear in most German states official functions Studienreferendar (STref) if they choose a career in the higher service (teaching at high schools are trained or professional schools), teachers for the higher intermediate service , the service name trainee teachers ( LAA / LAAnw) or candidate teacher (LAnw), usually with an addition to the school direction (e.g. candidate secondary school teacher, candidate subject teacher). The preparatory service (legal clerkship) is the "second phase" of teacher training . The training takes place in the civil service relationship on revocation or in a public law training relationship (e.g. without exception in Berlin or at private schools).

The so-called "first phase" takes place at universities and / or universities of teacher education (Baden-Württemberg). While the first phase aims to create the scientific foundations in the subjects and the professional sciences (educational science, didactics, social psychology, etc.) for professional teacher action, the second phase is geared towards practical training in closer relation to school.

As a result of the Bologna Process , teacher training was changed with the introduction of the Master of Education .

Goal of the training

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

The aim of the training is to acquire the knowledge and skills that are required for qualified teaching. The professional, didactic and pedagogical competences, experiences and skills acquired during the university studies are to be expanded and deepened in close relation to the lessons given and the educational work carried out with regard to defined standards. Through training in schools and in training events, the ability to work independently in school, teaching and upbringing should be acquired. The candidate should, among other things, demonstrate the ability to cope with stress , develop planning skills for his / her lessons and demonstrate solid lesson planning . The performance is assessed on the basis of exam teaching samples (also called examination lessons / examination training samples) and possibly a training grade (preliminary grade).

Course of training

The preparatory service usually lasts 18 months, 21 in Hesse and 24 months in Bavaria. In some cases, the training period can be shortened under certain conditions. The candidates teach, regulated differently in the different countries, independently up to about half a teaching assignment and also complete various seminars in which didactic, methodological and pedagogical skills are to be acquired. The division is divided into three parts: observation , training lessons, independent lessons.

After a period of observation of different lengths , the candidates teach independently - referred to as “independent” or “needs-based teaching”.

In the seminars, various so-called “building blocks”, which are made up of different educational topics, are usually developed or discussed. Such building blocks can be media literacy or action orientation, for example . In addition, subject-specific didactic skills are trained, for example planning experiments and exercises. On seminar days, teaching examples are analyzed with a particular focus or theoretical foundations for the teaching profession are laid (e.g. school law and civics). The candidates should receive feedback on their performance through advisory visits by the specialist managers during their preparatory service. The ability for self-reflection should be gained in these counseling sessions and demonstrated in the term paper on planning, carrying out and reflecting on a teaching unit lasting several hours (sometimes called a series of exams). The training at the seminars is usually carried out by teachers who each supervise a subject (subject seminar leader / subject leader) or provide general educational and school organizational support work (advanced seminar leader / subject leader).

In the next phase, training courses follow , in which the candidate gives his lessons in the presence of the subject teacher and - ideally - discusses these with the subject teacher before and after the lesson. In some countries, training courses run parallel to independent teaching until the end of the preparatory service. In independent lessons , the candidate has all the tasks of a teacher, he gives the lessons alone, drafts class work and tests, gives oral and written grades and answers questions from the legal guardians on parents' evenings. The workload fluctuates between eight and seventeen hours, with training courses in a similar or equal amount. In most countries, prospective teachers are supported by a mentor, at least in the beginning.

The completion of the preparatory service takes place with the so-called second state examination . This state examination consists of different parts of the examination, the training course itself, a written paper, at least one examination course per subject. Sometimes there is also an assessment by the school. The exam grade is made up of the individual parts of the exam, which may be weighted differently. The grade of the first state examination is not included in the grade of the second state examination. When applying for a position, however, an applicant grade or performance figure is determined from both examinations (possibly weighted differently) in all countries.

Candidate Pay

This section needs to be revised: Almost exclusively deals with civil servants with entitlement to subsidies, but almost not at all with trainee lawyers in salaried employment with compulsory health or social insurance.
Please help to improve it , and then remove this flag.

Since the salary is state law, there are some fluctuations here. Depending on the entry office, the applicant's remuneration is around € 1450 gross plus a family allowance for married couples and possibly a child allowance. A special surcharge may be granted. However, only taxes are withheld from this income. Employees in Berlin also receive the same pay.

As civil servants on revocation, candidates are entitled to sickness allowance for themselves and their dependents, which covers a portion (50% and usually 70% for spouses and 80% for children) of medical expenses. The rest can be covered with private health insurance. It is also possible to take out statutory insurance on a voluntary basis . This then bears all the costs, however, there is no entitlement to aid. Insofar as applicants are trained as employees in a public-law training relationship or in a private-law employment relationship, the general social security regulations apply to them.

If candidates temporary civil servants, they have not contributed to unemployment insurance and thus not entitled to unemployment compensation . It may be possible to receive unemployment benefit II .

Criticism of the preparatory service

The preparatory service is often rated as critical to very critical by those who complete or have completed it. One of the main points of criticism is the enormous workload and pressure to perform that the trainee lawyers are exposed to. It is often discussed whether the preparatory service is not characterized by a performative self-contradiction: The candidate is instructed to design an interesting lesson that supposedly can function primarily through intrinsic motivation and in which the learning atmosphere must be as pleasant as possible for the students; but that is exactly what he is conveyed through a training system in which predominantly the pressure of grades is used and in which - rarely admittedly - the focus is on testing psychological resilience. If one accepts these statements, they weigh heavily as a criticism: they ultimately mean that the educating teachers teach differently from what is to be taught later in school, that they cannot or do not want to meet their own standards in their area.

Another problem arises for trainee teachers when they are supposed to find their own style between the mostly not openly expressed but often contradicting views of the specialist trainers at the study seminars and the training teachers at the schools. In this context, complaints are often made about arbitrariness, since the trainee lawyers are at the mercy of their specialist trainers and have to follow their “fashions and quirks” in an effort to get a good grade. Some study seminars criticize weekly, independent lessons because of their lower learning potential. It was introduced primarily to save jobs with fully trained teachers and thus reduce costs.

It is noteworthy that there is no qualified evaluation of the legal clerkship either for the profession of teacher or lawyer.

Origin of the preparatory service

Historically, there is clerkship (traineeship: the one of - files "referenced" - existing) derived from the Prussian reforms at the beginning of the 19th century, notably in response to the re-establishment of the state of the universities by Humboldt , of this Institutions were granted the scientific privilege for the first time. Thus the universities were free in research and teaching and not subject to any state regulation. The legal traineeship (originally only for lawyers and only one year) was a state institution to ensure state aptitude, both in attitude and in performance. Logically, the legal clerkship is still not a pure career entry phase (even if there may be such elements), but an institution that is directly subject to the state administration in contrast to the free teaching of the university. The above criticism leads back to the contradiction between independent teaching and taking over the instructor's instructions.

Procedure in the countries

Baden-Württemberg

The following important information is missing from this article or section:

All types of school are missing except for the grammar school

Help Wikipedia by researching and pasting it .

In Baden-Württemberg there is no recruitment limit for the preparatory service, which means that all applicants are hired regardless of their grade. When applying, a desired school location and up to four desired seminar locations can be named in the preferred order. Allocation is initially made according to the needs of the subjects, in the case of the same subjects according to social points (e.g. for health, family or social reasons).

Elementary and secondary schools as well as secondary schools

The teacher training courses at the universities of teacher education in Baden-Württemberg have been redesigned since the 2011/12 winter semester. Instead of the previous teaching posts, a pure elementary school teaching post and a secondary teaching post (Werkreal-, Haupt- und Realschule) are now being trained. As a result, the subsequent preparatory services were adapted in their structure. For the last time, prospective teachers began their preparatory service for teaching at primary and secondary schools and for teaching at secondary schools on February 1, 2015. As of February 2016, the previous preparatory services will be replaced by the preparatory service for the teaching post at primary schools and the preparatory service for the teaching post at Werkrealschulen, Hauptschulen and Realschulen.

The preparatory service is carried out at a seminar for training and further education of teachers and at a school. The following 14 training seminars are available: The seminars for training and advanced training of teachers (elementary schools) in Albstadt, Bad Mergentheim, Freudenstadt, Heilbronn, Laupheim, Lörrach, Nürtingen, Offenburg, Pforzheim and Sindelfingen, the seminars for training and advanced training of teachers (Werkreal -, Hauptschulen and Realschulen) in Freiburg, Karlsruhe, Ludwigsburg and Reutlingen, as well as the seminars for training and further education of teachers (elementary schools as well as Werkreal-, Hauptschulen and Realschulen) in Mannheim, Weingarten, Rottweil and Schwäbisch Gmünd. The schools are in the catchment area of ​​the seminar locations. The preparatory service lasts 18 months and takes place at a seminar for training and further education of teachers as well as at a training school.

Aim of the training The teaching attendant (LA) of the teaching posts GS and WHR expand and deepen the knowledge, experience and skills from the course in close relation to school practice and on the basis of the curriculum. The training standards of the seminars for didactics and teacher training are binding for training at the seminar. The main goals of the training are the development of the professional ability and the teacher personality as well as the strengthening of personal responsibility (according to § 1 in the examination regulations).

First phase of training The trainee teachers spend twelve hours a week at the school and have additional seminars. Accompanying teachers (mentors) coordinate the training at the school. They advise the trainee teachers. The central task is the practical introduction and practice in the educational mandate. In the period up to Easter, the trainee teachers should sit in and teach in as many class levels as possible. After Easter they teach at least ten hours a week in order to gain the experience necessary for independent teaching. In the first part of their training they should also take part in school events and get to know the various tasks of a class teacher. Candidate teachers may not be used for substitute hours.

Second phase of training (independent lessons) The second phase of training begins in September. It lasts one school year and includes thirteen hours of independent lessons per week as a subject teacher in the subjects studied, as well as participation in the seminar events and the taking of the second state examination.

Advisory class visits The trainee teachers receive at least two advisory class visits per subject from the lecturers of the seminar (LB) in the first and second training phases. The lecturers create a counseling protocol about the counseling interview after the lesson, which is passed directly to the trainee teacher. The trainee teachers either prepare a detailed written lesson draft for the consultation visit in consultation with the lecturer in accordance with Section 21 WHRPOII or submit a planning sketch that serves as the basis for the oral presentation regarding the considerations for lesson planning before the start of the lesson. The entire training requires coordinated support and advice from the school management, mentors and lecturers of the seminar. It is therefore necessary for the school management to attend the counseling visits together with the mentor. The school principals are obliged to attend at least one class in each subject.

High school and vocational schools

The legal clerkship takes one and a half years. The previous two-year preparatory service for trainee lawyers without an internship semester (studies started before 2000) was offered in parallel until 2008. Since then, trainee lawyers without a practical semester have also been trained in one and a half years of preparatory service. It is nevertheless recommended to catch up on the practical semester and the ethical-philosophical basic seminars at the universities. At some seminars, voluntary supplementary offers are offered for trainees without an internship semester. For teacher training students specializing in sport, a minimum three-month club internship with at least 24 double lessons or a trainer or trainer license is required. Trainee teachers who are trained at vocational schools require a relevant industrial or professional experience of 52 weeks for the respective subject area as a prerequisite. This practical requirement is reduced to 13 weeks for applicants with a scientific examination for general high schools.

Since 2005, the one and a half year preparatory service has always started on the first day of class after the Christmas break. It is only completed at one school and is divided into half a year of accompanied and one year of independent lessons, while the two-year preparatory service included two equally long sections and the preparatory service for grammar schools had to be completed at different schools. Now the school is no longer changed.

For lateral entrants with a university degree (diploma or master's degree) in physics, a second subject must be derived from the course (usually mathematics). For recognition as a minor (teaching qualification for lower and intermediate level) 30 semester hours per week (SWS) and for a major (teaching qualification for all levels) 50 SWS must be proven. Lateral beginners at vocational schools are also recognized with 30 SWS in related subjects and 50 SWS in non-related subjects. Since 2009, due to the tense application situation at grammar schools, applicants with one of the subjects chemistry or physics can choose any combination of subjects.

First training phase (first half of the year): The trainee attends and holds increasingly longer and independent teaching phase under the guidance of the subject teacher. At least 60 teaching hours must be held, evenly divided between both subjects and school levels. There are at least two visits to lessons (ungraded) in each subject by the instructor (subject manager or lecturer) of the seminar. At the same time, you have to take part in class events at a state seminar for didactics and teacher training. These relate to pedagogy and pedagogical psychology and the subject didactics for the respective subjects. Furthermore, school and civil service law are taught at the seminar and school studies are taught at the school. School and civil service law is usually examined orally at the end of the school year or at the beginning of the second phase of training. A subject teacher from the school is appointed as a mentor, and a trainer in the seminar is appointed as a tutor. They are particularly responsible for training. At the end of the first section, the tutor conducts a training discussion about what has been achieved so far.

Second training phase (second and third semester) : The trainee teaches independently (scope: 9–12 hours per week) and a total of 20 hours of accompanied teaching. The independent lessons are nevertheless occasionally attended by the mentor and discussed with the trainee teacher. In this section, too, the trainee lawyer should give lessons at all levels. There is at least one ungraded class visit in each subject by the seminar instructor. In the first half of the year, the trainee teacher has to write a paper (documentation of a teaching unit, DUE), which has to be handed in shortly after the Christmas break. The work relates to a teaching unit of a maximum of twelve hours and can be assigned to a subject or pedagogy. In the second half of the year, with three subjects or bilingual additional training starting shortly before Christmas, there is at least one teaching sample (review of teaching practice) in each subject in the upper level (in the case of minor only in the lower or intermediate level) and another in the so-called non-documentation subject, in the lower or intermediate level. The trainee lawyer determines the subject and class for the periods specified by the examination office and submits a material distribution plan for this . The examination committee, a teacher appointed by the state teacher examinations office as the chairman of the examinations and a training teacher of the seminar as the examiner, selects one of these dates, informs the trainee teacher and the state teacher examination office and then accepts the teaching sample. Oral exams in pedagogy and subject didactics take place towards the end of the school year. In addition, the headmaster of the training school must give an assessment. Teaching samples, DUE, oral exams and headmaster's assessment, career test for higher teaching qualifications at grammar schools or vocational schools and entitle the holder to use the professional title “Assessor of the teaching profession”. However, this does not automatically mean that you are hired or accepted.

If the goal of the first section is not achieved, the section is extended by six months and then checked again whether the goal has been achieved. If you fail a teaching sample, the preparatory service can be extended; if you only have one teaching sample, you can request to do it in the same school year. Written work and oral exams can usually be repeated in the same school year.

Bavaria

high school

The legal traineeship lasts two years. It can begin both in the full school year and in the half-year. At the beginning of the semester, the advantage is that you have a better chance of staying in a field school for the entire school year.

First section: seminary school. Observations (first weeks), then taking over classes from the seminar teachers (who continue to be responsible). Lessons five to eight a week. Simultaneous seminar sessions on school law and school studies, political education, pedagogy, psychology and in the two (or three) subjects. Taking the first teaching sample towards the end of the first section.

Second section: One year of operational school. The trainee lawyers come to any state high school in Bavaria that has a need in their subjects and teach there independently like a normal teacher (without constant supervision). Use at a municipal high school is not possible. Number of hours per week 10 to 17. Per subject, accompanied by a supervisor, who at the end also writes the assessment of the section. Taking the second teaching sample, usually at the end of the second third of the section (at the beginning of the full school year around May / beginning of June). Preparation of a second approval thesis (usually parallel to the practical teaching work). A change of school at the end of the semester is possible. Legal clerks who start their training school for an interim report usually have to change schools more often than those who were able to start the new school year.

Third section: The last six months are spent at the seminary school again. Taking over classes of seminar teachers and teaching independently. Five to 10 hours a week. Seminar sessions. Third teaching rehearsal pretty soon (after two months), start of the final exams (oral exams in all seminar subjects).

In the context of personnel problems, a redesign of the clerkship is currently being considered, which v. a. would concern the third section. Concrete measures have not yet been announced.

Vocational schools

The legal clerkship lasts two years and begins at the beginning of the school year or on the half-year report in mid-February.

First section: In addition to 10 hours per week of observation, listening lessons and teaching attempts (from the seventh month (half-year) as independent lessons; earlier is possible) at seminar schools, the training takes place through 20 one-day seminars at the study seminar . In the vocational subject, there are also weekly technical meetings, in the second subject bi-weekly. From the seventh month of training, a 45-minute teaching sample must be taken in the vocational subject and in the second subject. From the tenth month of training, a housework must be completed.

Second section: Teaching practice at the deployment school: At least 11 hours a week of independent lessons, plus one seminar per week on a fixed weekday. A maximum of 17 hours of independent lessons are possible. At the same time, the homework for the second state examination is written. In addition, in the second year, the trainee teacher takes on the role of class leader for a class.

A total of at least 12 class visits (45 minutes) are carried out during the legal clerkship.

Teaching samples, term paper, oral exams in the first and second subject as well as in civic education and school law, colloquium and assessment (consisting of the parts of teaching skills, educational skills as well as practical and technical skills) result in the final grade for the second state examination.

secondary school

As at the grammar school, the traineeship lasts two years, but only begins at the beginning of the school year (since 2005).

First section: seminary school. Observations (first weeks), then taking over classes of the seminar teachers (constant supervision of the lessons). Lessons 5 to 8 per week. Simultaneous seminar sessions on school studies, political education, pedagogy, psychology and in both (or three) subjects. Taking the first teaching practice between December and February. The second teaching rehearsal then takes place between March and May. In the second half of the year, trainee teachers can occasionally take on “independent teaching” if there is a shortage of teachers at the school. There is no permanent monitoring here, the seminar teachers only observe sporadically. Only the written performance records have to be discussed with the seminar teacher.

Second section: One year of operational school. The trainee teachers come to any state secondary school in Bavaria that has a need in their subjects and teach there independently like a finished teacher (without constant supervision). Number of hours per week 11 to 17. Per subject, accompanied by a supervisor, who at the end also writes the assessment of the section. Taking the third teaching practice between March and May. As part of one to three-day seminar days (10–12 in total), the trainee teachers return to their seminar school, where they complete seminar sessions, teaching attempts and the oral exams for the second state examination.

Support center

As at Realschule and Gymnasium, the legal traineeship lasts two years. In contrast to these two schools, the entire legal traineeship takes place at a deployment school.

First section: mission school. 8 hours of independent lessons. Two times a week seminars at seminar schools or other training schools.

Second section: mission school. 16 hours of independent lessons. Two times a week seminars at seminar schools or other training schools. Mostly taking over the class leadership. Taking three teaching samples, oral exams, term paper for the second state examination.

Middle school

First section: 8 hours of independent lessons at the deployment school, 10 hours of sitting in with the supervisor, 10 hours of seminars (at different seminar locations) with the seminar leader. In the first year, the LAA requires 3 so-called special lesson preparations (BUV) of three lesson hours each, which are verbally assessed by the seminar leader. In addition, a written term paper is written (25 pages).

Second section: In the second year, as a rule, assumption of class leadership and 15 hours of independent lessons. Until Christmas 3 hours of BUV are required, from February to May the two teaching rehearsals take place (one individual lesson in the subject, one double lesson in two of the three didactic subjects). In the first week after the Easter holidays there is a 30-minute colloquium in pedagogy, in the first week of the Whitsun holidays three oral exams of 20 minutes each in the subjects studied, plus school law and political education.

Berlin

In the second phase of teacher training, practical training takes place in the preparatory service, which can also be completed part-time. The preparatory service lasts 18 months (3 semesters). The start is possible every six months. The legal traineeship can also be completed part-time upon request. In this case, the preparatory service is extended to 24 months (but 3 semesters).

The Berlin school landscape is geographically divided into four school authority regions, in which there are several main seminar locations. Within the region, there is also the assignment to the two specialist seminar schools and to the assigned training school. The latter is responsible for the practical training (independent and guided lessons and observation) of the clerkship.

The course and preparatory service reflect the Berlin school structure and exist for teaching positions at primary schools, integrated secondary schools and grammar schools or vocational schools.

Legal basis

The legal basis is based on the “Ordinance on preparatory service and the state examination for teaching posts (VSLVO)” of June 23, 2014.

Modules

In the Berlin preparatory service, two modules - teaching and educating / innovating - have to be completed, which are divided into the following modules:

• Teaching
  • Basics of the teaching profession
  • Principles of planning lessons
  • Language promotion / language education
  • Lesson arrangements
  • Performance, reflection and evaluation
  • Inclusion I
• Educate / innovate
  • development
  • Reflection on and development of conveying values
  • Conflict and Violence Prevention
  • Development of the Berlin School

Different regulations apply to special educators. Here the modules “Education, Teaching”, “Special Educational Support (Therapy)” and “Special Educational Diagnostics and Counseling” are offered.

The modules are each concluded with a module examination that relates to the components of a module that were attended. Oral, multimedia, portfolio and written forms of module examinations were defined.

Hesse

The basis for training in the preparatory service is the Hessian Teacher Training Act (HLbG) and the Implementation Ordinance (HLbGDV), it takes 21 months, which are made up of a three-month introductory phase and three school half-years. The start is possible every six months. A reduction of half a year is possible on request. Part-time is possible on request. The training takes place at the study seminar and at the assigned schools. Training courses take place in the form of observations, guided lessons and independent lessons.

The preparatory service is divided into four sections:

• Introductory phase (three months, no assessment),
• first main semester (six months),
• second main semester (six months),
• Examination semester (six months). The pedagogical training takes place in study seminars, which are divided according to school type.

Primary schools / secondary schools and secondary schools / special schools

• In the introductory semester, the teachers in the preparatory service (LiV) mainly sit in and give guided lessons.
• In the first and second main semester 10 to 12 hours of independent lessons should be given, at least two hours are available for observation.
• In the examination semester, 6 to 8 hours of independent lessons should be given.

In addition to their teaching obligations, the teachers in the preparatory service attend some modules at the study seminar.

60% of the performance is made up of the preliminary grades (eight graded modules at 5% each, written work to be completed with 10%, assessment of the school management with 10%) and 40% from the second state examination (two test samples of 15% each, oral Check with 10%). A total of 300 points can be achieved.

high school

• In the introductory semester, the teachers in the preparatory service (LiV) mainly sit in and give guided lessons (a total of 10 hours).
• In the first and second main semester, 10 to 12 hours of independent lessons should be given, 4 to 6 hours are available for observation or guided lessons (16 hours in total).
• In the examination semester, 6 to 8 hours of independent lessons are to be given, 4 to 6 hours are available for observation or guided lessons (12 hours in total).

In addition to the teaching obligations and attending the school seminar, the teachers in the preparatory service also complete some modules, 12 of which are assessed (9 compulsory, 3 elective modules).

60% of the work is made up of the modules, 10% is accounted for by the written work and a total of 30% for the second state examination (two test samples / "practical teaching test" (20%), oral examination (10%)). A total of 300 points can be achieved, whereby the points of the second state examination count twice.

Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania

Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania has moved furthest away from the regulations of the other states. The trainee lawyers are hired at training schools, not by the Institute for Quality Development . There the training is carried out by a study director chosen by the school principal who also gives lessons, in pedagogical matters through regular seminars and class visits with short and long drafts. For the specialized training of a mentor at the school is responsible, which is only supported by a professional manager performs, of the 12 four-hour seminars and usually makes two classroom visits throughout the training period. There is no seminar leader, the responsible superior of the trainee is the headmaster. The components of the examination are a term paper (a longer draft hour for grading by the head of the study and mentor), a probation grade (by the head of study and two mentors), two examination hours with a short reflection, which are included in the hourly grades. In the final examination, only any representative of the IQ is involved as the chairman of the examination, who does not necessarily have to have the subject. Private schools carry out the training on their own responsibility, an examination chairman of the teacher examination office only appears for the examination.

Lower Saxony

high school

The following important information is missing from this article or section:

Does not comply with the new APVO from 2010-- 93.242.64.227 16:58 , Nov. 30, 2010 (CET)

Help Wikipedia by researching and pasting it .

The legal traineeship lasts 18 months in high schools in Lower Saxony.

As a rule, the training school does not change during the clerkship. The legal clerkship begins directly with independent lessons in which the trainee teaches four hours in each of the two subjects for up to eight hours a week without the presence of trained teachers, or up to twelve for three subjects. In addition, he is obliged to attend at least four hours of training (a minimum of two hours), in which as soon as possible, not observing, but teaching under the supervision of the teacher. Most at regular intervals of two to three weeks, the clerk invites his educational instructors, his professional ladder (sometimes also the training coordinator of the school) in his classes, more specifically, both lecturers in teaching methods depending nine times at least and educators least to the special visits. In addition, the trainee teacher must also invite two “special class visits” (BuBs) per subject, the so-called GUBs (joint class visits) and the BrBs (advisory visits). In their debriefing, after their own reflection by the trainee, all trainers (the respective specialist, pedagogical trainer and [if available in the school] the training coordinator) appreciate and criticize the lesson. The BUBs are intended as an exercise for the similar examination lessons (1 PU per subject).

Usually in the second half of the training year, the trainee lawyer has to write a written term paper on a teaching attempt that he has planned, carried out and critically reflected upon (and, at the Hildesheim seminar, a ten-page practical report relating to a five to ten-hour series of lessons). The lesson series usually comprises at least six lessons, the scope of the written term paper should usually be 15 pages of continuous text. For this, a six-page draft lesson must be submitted, including: a. The teaching context, study group, didactic reconstruction and choice of methods are comprehensively justified. Often the subject manager, in whose subject the term paper is written, joins the teaching project, which is evaluated and reflected on in the work. The specialist management takes notes for themselves, but leaves the trainee immediately after the lesson without the usual consultation on the concept of the observed lesson.

Theoretical training takes place in some seminars (e.g. Hildesheim, Meppen) in the afternoons, where two-hour pedagogy and bi-weekly specialist seminar sessions take place every week, otherwise (Hanover, Osnabrück) the trainee teachers are released from lessons for one morning.

As of February 1, 2009, the recruitment dates were changed to the beginning of the six months in February and August.

Between the eighth and tenth month of training, the trainees hold a conversation with the trainers in the preparatory service about the level of training and advise them on the further course of the training. At the end of the fourteenth month of training, the performance of the trainee teachers is assessed by the pedagogical trainer, in every specialist seminar by his or her management and in the training school by the school management with a grade (in accordance with Section 13 (1)). The grading must be justified in writing. The person in charge of the study seminar determines the training grade from the point value of the written work and the partial grades of the trainer and the teacher by calculating the mean value. If the calculation results in a decimal number, only the first decimal place is taken into account. It is not rounded. The point value is to be assigned according to a training grade and communicated to the trainee teacher in writing as a preliminary grade.

If the preliminary mark is at least “sufficient”, the trainee lawyer is admitted to the examination lessons that take place in the last training quarter, one hour per subject. An examination board (usually consisting of the pedagogical trainer, the specialist trainer, a representative of the school management, the specialist teacher [and possibly a school board of the state school authority]) observes and evaluates the lessons. The exam lesson usually takes place on just one day as a full exam. The last exam is followed by an hour-long oral exam with pedagogical, school law and two subject didactic parts, each with a general part and a previously agreed one. As a certificate of the state examination there is no detailed report, but the grades of the five training parts training grade, term paper, oral examination and the two examination lessons.

North Rhine-Westphalia

NRW is hiring on May 1st. If it is necessary for another appointment, which has always been given in recent years, it is decided at the end of April each year to also stop on November 1st. To ensure admission, all applicants who have studied in another federal state must apply for recognition from a district government that depends on the type of school.

high school

The legal clerkship begins with one week of introductory events ("pedagogical week") and then one or two weeks for each subject in an "intensive phase" with the respective seminar leader of the subject at his school. Then the trainee teachers sit in at least 14 hours per week at the schools assigned to them, for which they could express their wishes during the application process. In this training course, they also take on some hours and pay at least one class visit by the end of the semester (summer or winter holidays). In addition, there will be an "introductory and perspective discussion" with the head of the core seminar.

After the vacation, the trainee teachers teach 9 hours of independent, “needs-based lessons” (BdU) per week and take part in at least 5 hours of training, where they sit in on and take over some hours as before the vacation. This phase ends after a school year and a total of 5 class visits per subject. Then another 14 hours of training have to be completed. Another type of school must be attended before the exam, although the duration of this visit varies greatly depending on the study seminar, here called the Center for Practical School Teacher Training (ZfsL).

The grade is composed as follows:

• 12.5% ​​evaluation of each department manager
• 25% evaluation by the school principal
• 50% exam day (one exam hour per subject, oral exam ("colloquium"), written elaboration on a topic)

The core seminar leader can no longer give a grade.

Rhineland-Palatinate

Realschule / Hauptschule / IGS / Realschule Plus

The legal traineeship lasts 18 months. The start is possible on February 1st and August 1st, whereby the candidates are divided into different seminars depending on the date, currently these are the study seminars in Kaiserslautern with sub-offices in Landau, Trier, Koblenz and Mainz. Since February 1, 2012, due to the amalgamation of Hauptschule and Realschulen to form Integrated Comprehensive Schools or Realschulen Plus, a new training ordinance has been in effect.

The candidates are assigned to a training school before the start of their legal traineeship. The candidates hold independent lessons on this from the first day. In the first half of the apprenticeship, the deputation comprises 12 hours (4 hours of personal responsibility and 8 hours of observation). In the second half of the apprenticeship, the number of hours held independently increases to a total of ten, the hours of observation are reduced to two.

There are also general seminars in the study seminar as well as specialist seminars held by the department heads at the seminar location. There are also practical seminars at training schools. At the seminar, the candidates are divided into “groups of persons”, each of which is subordinate to a member of the seminar who also holds the general seminars. In the second half of the training, the number of general seminars is reduced, while the number of specialist and practical seminars increases accordingly. The practical seminars usually take place at a specialist school, so you have to reckon with some driving effort.

During the first two semesters of training, a series of class visits await each candidate. In total, there is a minimum of three visits per training subject. These are divided into classroom visits (with technical director and the responsible for training teacher) and classroom visits Plus , which also members of the seminar attend classes. Detailed lesson planning is expected for both types of visit. After each class attendance, there is a discussion in which individual aspects of the shown classes are discussed. Usually the sequence consists of an "introductory" class review in both subjects, followed by class visits, one of which in each of the training subjects must be a class visit plus. However, if necessary, the department heads can attend classes more often.

In the first and second half of the apprenticeship, a "development interview" is held with each candidate, in which the two department heads, the teacher entrusted with the training and the head of the group of people talk about personal development and then discuss the main areas. For this purpose, the candidates keep an individual "development report" in which they document things, developments and hours that they consider to be particularly important for their development.

In the third semester of training, the final exam takes place, which consists of an oral exam and an exam sample for each subject. The candidates must have previously declared one of their subjects to be their “major subject”. In this subject, the oral exam becomes a “presentation exam” in which the candidates have to give a lecture on an hour previously held. This involves didactic, methodological and other aspects in which the candidates must demonstrate that they are able to plan lessons independently and in accordance with the requirements over the longer term. In the other subject there is an “ordinary” oral examination.

A written term paper is no longer required. The final grade is made up of the preliminary grade (school grade, seminar grade, 2 × subject grade) and the grades of the two oral exams as well as the test sample.

After passing the exam, the newly appointed teachers will continue to work at their school for the remainder of the semester and will now teach their entire work independently.

Saxony-Anhalt

The educational preparatory service in Saxony-Anhalt lasts 16 months for all teaching posts. On request, it is possible to shorten the duration by four months. The prerequisite for this is that a full-time activity of six months that meets the requirements of a teaching post that is trained or offered in Saxony-Anhalt can be proven. In addition, various (school) practical experiences (six-month school internship semester; eight-month foreign language assistance after the first state examination for a teaching post or the acquisition of a Master of Education ; two years full-time work at a university; periods of preparatory service for another or already completed periods of the same teaching post) can be gained ) be included. Recognition is only given "[...] if the activity carried out was beneficial for the preparatory service"; the application is only approved taking into account the assessment of the management of the training school and the advanced seminar and after three months at the earliest.

The settings are made on April 1st or September 1st of each year.

The preparatory service is divided into three phases. The first phase is known as the flexible entry phase and lasts four months. The second stage is the subsequent qualification phase, which pursues the aim of further qualifying and profiling the teachers in the preparatory service in the respective teaching post. This training phase usually lasts eight months. In the examination phase, the last four months of the regular duration, the career examination takes place. The preparatory service ends if it is passed successfully. The preparatory service is carried out on the one hand at a training school (practical training) and on the other hand at a study seminar (seminar-like training). Teachers in preparatory service are currently being trained at two seminar locations: in Magdeburg for teaching positions at elementary schools, secondary schools, grammar schools, special needs schools and vocational schools, in Halle (Saale) for teaching positions at elementary schools, secondary schools, grammar schools and special needs schools.

At the beginning of the second month of training, the teachers in the preparatory service are responsible for giving six to eight lessons per week. It is envisaged that teaching will take place in different classes and study groups; It is particularly important for teachers in the preparatory service for the teaching post at grammar schools that training and the final examination lessons take place in both lower and upper secondary level. In the qualification phase, the number of hours increases to eight to ten weekly lessons. After a successful career test, the number of hours can be increased to 16 weekly lessons in consultation with the teacher in the preparatory service.

Under the premise that the approved applicant fulfills the civil service requirements, the preparatory service will be completed as a civil servant upon revocation. That is why teachers in preparatory service are paid during their training. Candidates for teaching at primary schools are assigned to grade AW A12, those for teaching at secondary schools and special needs schools are assigned to AW A13. Student trainees for higher service (teaching post at grammar schools and teaching post at vocational schools) are paid in accordance with AW A13Z. The allocation to the salary tables is analogous to those according to which teachers are paid after successfully passing a career examination. If the conditions for appointment to civil servant status are not met, the preparatory service takes place in a public-law training relationship.

Schleswig-Holstein

high school

The legal clerkship has so far lasted two years. It can begin both in the full school year and in the half-year. It was possible to shorten the legal traineeship by half a year if the legal trainee had already taught independently for six months or more. Since the 2011/2012 school year, the first state examination has included the master’s degree, and the preparatory service normally only lasts 3 semesters.

At the beginning of the legal traineeship, you are assigned to a school where you usually stay until the end of your training. Here, the trainee teaches independently during his training. The trainee teacher is supported by two mentors, one in each subject. The role of mentors in training is extremely important. They train the trainee teachers in practice. The mentors are usually university councilors who have to attend some further training courses for their mentoring activities.

The theoretical part of the training takes place in so-called modules. These are eight-hour events in the two subjects as well as in pedagogy, which take place every 4 weeks in a fixed rhythm. The trainee lawyers are supposed to link the final thesis to these modules. In addition, at the end of each semester there is a period of elective modules that can be freely chosen.

The examination term paper is made in consultation with the respective module provider or the course director. This corrects and marks the term paper. In the past, this was usually the only way to get feedback on your own lessons from a module provider. Since the beginning of the 2011/2012 school year, the mornings in the modules have been regularly spent attending a lesson by one of the module participants, which increases the number of class visits per semester.

The exam will be taken by the two heads of studies and the head teacher. The mentors have no influence on the grade. The mentors are allowed to be present at the examination hours as well as at the meeting. They are only allowed to comment on the lessons after the grade has been determined.

If the trainee teacher should drop out, he will have to repay part of his previous earnings.

See also

• Teacher training
• Teacher training
• School teacher
• Teacher
• Study seminar
• the Austrian counterpart teaching intern
• Bavarian trainee program

Web links

• Information pages of the Ministry for Culture, Youth and Sport Baden-Württemberg on the preparatory services
• " Teacher in preparatory service ". NDR documentary 2018

literature

• Peter Daschner, Ursula Drews (Ed.): Course book for legal clerkship . Beltz, Weinheim 2007, ISBN 978-3-407-25450-4 .
• Bernd Oehmig: Successful legal traineeship. Advice and help for schools and teaching internships . Lang, Frankfurt am Main a. a. 2005, ISBN 3-631-54177-5 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ These are Berlin , Bremen , Hamburg , Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , North Rhine-Westphalia , Lower Saxony , Saxony , Saxony-Anhalt and Schleswig-Holstein .
2. ^ The Standing Conference on Teacher Training in the Federal Republic of Germany
3. ↑ VIS BE § 1 VSLVO | State standard Berlin | - Training goals | Ordinance on preparatory service and the state examination for teaching posts (VSLVO) of June 23, 2014 | valid from: 07/10/2014. Retrieved July 20, 2020 . 
4. ↑ Second state examination for teaching at Realschulen - Retrieved on October 19, 2017
5. ↑ Special surcharge for certain careers in Baden-Württemberg ( Memento from January 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
6. ↑ Merit. Retrieved July 20, 2020 . 
7. ↑ Teaching traineeship in Berlin, counselor preparatory service. In: Info aid. Retrieved July 20, 2020 . 
8. ↑ Frank Gerstenberg: The worst time of my life. Süddeutsche Zeitung , May 17, 2010, accessed on May 13, 2020 . 
9. ↑ Mario Neumann: "Fear always goes with you". Deutschlandfunk , September 12, 2009, accessed on May 13, 2020 . 
10. ↑ Tanjev Schultz : At the mercy of the trainer. Süddeutsche Zeitung , May 6, 2013, accessed on May 13, 2020 . 
11. ↑ Preparatory service for teaching at vocational schools in Bavaria - information from the Ministry of Culture
12. ↑ Second state examination for teaching at Realschulen - Retrieved on October 19, 2017
13. ↑ vs-oberding.eu
14. ^ Senate Department Education, Youth and Family, Berlin - Retrieved March 2, 2020
15. ↑ VIS BE VSLVO | State standard Berlin | Complete edition | Ordinance on preparatory service and the state examination for teaching posts (VSLVO) of June 23, 2014 | valid from: 07/10/2014. Retrieved July 20, 2020 . 
16. ↑ Senate Department Education, Youth and Family, Berlin - Accessed March 9, 2020
17. ↑ https://www.rv.hessenrecht.hessen.de/bshe/document/jlr-LehrBiGHE2011V6P59
18. ↑ https://www.rv.hessenrecht.hessen.de/bshe/document/jlr-LehrBiGDVHErahmen
19. ↑ ^{a b} kultusministerium.hessen.de ( Memento of the original from August 27, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
20. ^ State law - service portal MV. Retrieved July 20, 2020 . 
21. ↑ VORIS APVO-Lehr | State standard Lower Saxony | Complete edition | Ordinance on the training and examination of teachers in preparatory service (APVO-Lehr) of July 13, 2010 | valid from: 01.08.2010. Retrieved July 20, 2020 . 
22. ↑ MSB: preparatory service (legal clerkship). Retrieved July 20, 2020 . 
23. ↑ Ordinance on the preparatory service and the career test for a teaching post in the state of Saxony-Anhalt (LVO teaching post) from July 13, 2011 § 5 crediting times. Retrieved on July 13, 2020 (German). 
24. ↑ Ordinance on the preparatory service and the career test for a teaching post in the state of Saxony-Anhalt (LVO teaching post) from July 13, 2011 § 5 crediting times. Retrieved on July 13, 2020 (German). 
25. ↑ Ordinance on the preparatory service and the career test for a teaching post in the state of Saxony-Anhalt (LVO teaching post) from July 13, 2011 § 5 crediting times. Retrieved on July 13, 2020 (German). 
26. ^ Tobias Kühne: Preparatory Service. Retrieved July 12, 2020 . 
27. ^ Ordinance on the preparatory service and the career examination for a teaching post in the state of Saxony-Anhalt (LVO teaching post) from July 13, 2011. Accessed on July 13, 2020 (German). 
28. ^ Tobias Kühne: Preparatory Service. Retrieved July 12, 2020 . 
29. ↑ Ordinance on the preparatory service and the career test for a teaching post in the state of Saxony-Anhalt (LVO teaching post) from July 13, 2011 § 8 practical school training. Retrieved on July 13, 2020 (German). 
30. ↑ Ordinance on the preparatory service and the career test for a teaching post in the state of Saxony-Anhalt (LVO teaching post) from July 13, 2011 § 8 practical school training. Retrieved on July 13, 2020 (German). 
31. ↑ Ordinance on the careers of school service in the state of Saxony-Anhalt (Schuldienstbahnverordnung - SchulDLVO LSA) from May 31, 2010. Accessed on July 12, 2020 (German). 
32. ↑ Payment in the preparation service. Retrieved on July 12, 2020 (German).