Good panker
The over five hundred year old Gut Panker is located in Panker in the Plön district near Lütjenburg in Schleswig-Holstein . The estate had been owned by the Rantzau family since the end of the Middle Ages , was bought in 1739 by the Swedish King Friedrich from the House of Hesse to care for his illegitimate sons, who established the rule of Hessenstein there, and in 1808 went to the Electors of Hesse-Kassel over. Today the estate with its lands and buildings belongs to the Hessian House Foundation .
The manor house, also often referred to as a castle, is privately owned, but the surrounding manor village is open to tourists and, with several restaurants, galleries and local artisans, is one of the most famous excursion destinations in the Holstein Switzerland region .
historical overview
Good the Rantzaus
There was already a manor house on Panker at the time of the Wende , but hardly anything is known about this time. In the late Middle Ages , the lands came into the possession of the Rantzau family, which belonged to the Equites Originarii in Schleswig and Holstein and owned a large number of estates and aristocratic residences in the country. The Rantzaus family has been attested to on Panker since the end of the 14th century. They ran the estate with various branches of the family and built the core of today's manor house around 1650. Panker was a large aristocratic estate at this time, but it was of no great importance in the history of the country. The last member of the Panker family was Hans Rantzau, who put the property up for sale shortly before his death in 1740.
Dominion Hessenstein (House of Hesse)
In 1739, King Frederick I of Sweden , who came from the Hessen-Kassel line of the House of Hesse, acquired the Panker estate and the neighboring Klamp for 88,000 Reichstaler , in 1741 he also bought the neighboring Schmoel and Hohenfelde estates for 138,000 Reichstaler . Friedrich I acquired the property at the instigation of his mistress Hedwig Ulrike Taube von Odenkat in order to take care of the sons who came from this inappropriate marriage. Friedrich, who as Landgrave of Hessen-Kassel had been imperial prince in the Roman-German Empire since 1730 , obtained from the German Emperor that his beloved and his descendants fathered with her became Counts of Hessenstein . Panker became the residence of the older son Friedrich Wilhelm , who after the death of the younger brother Karl Eduard (Carl Edvard, 1737–1769) was able to dispose of all four goods. His rule in Hessenstein developed into a small social center for the Schleswig-Holstein nobility in the duchies. 1772, he was a so-called HR managers in the Imperial Prince collected.
In his will, Frederick William that Panker and the rule Hessenstein possessed future as Fideikommiss in the hands of the main line of the House of Hesse-Kassel - should go - to the exclusion of the reigning prince. The first heir was Karl von Hessen-Kassel , who was appointed governor of Schleswig-Holstein and resided mainly at Gottorf Castle. During this time the estate was managed continuously, but the manor house was not always inhabited. The family used the property with varying degrees of intensity until the 20th century. The house stood empty for a long time, then it became a regular residence for various family members again. Friedrich Karl von Hessen was born here, and through a marriage the Hessensteins had family ties to the Danish royal house.
20th century and present
After the First World War there were social changes on the estate; the surrounding estates were partly sold to the farmers. Since the Weimar Constitution demanded the dissolution of all princely private property, the Hessian House Foundation was established in 1928 to administer the family's possessions and assets. After the Second World War , an important Trakehner breed was established on the estate and the mansion was renovated from 1954, which until then had served as accommodation for refugees from the eastern regions of the German Reich ; just like the other residential buildings in the palace complex - cavaliers house and gatehouse . In 1957 the large barns and stables of the farmyard between the manor house and the gatehouse were destroyed by arson.
The manor house served as the backdrop in 1967 in the film adaptation of the novella Rheinsberg by Kurt Tucholsky . In this film with Cornelia Froboess and Christian Wolff , it portrayed the Rheinsberg Castle in Brandenburg .
Towards the end of the 1980s, the until then agricultural Gutsdorf was expanded to include tourist usage concepts. Gut Panker and its lands are currently (2013) administered by Heinrich Donatus Prince of Hesse .
Buildings
The manor house and the garden
The manor house is also often called Schloss Panker . According to an old regional definition - which was applied quite imprecisely - actually only the houses of a sovereign had the right to be called a castle. Since the property was acquired by the Swedish king and his son Friedrich Wilhelm was finally made Prince of the Empire in 1792, the designation can be interpreted. The house developed over a period of several centuries to its present form, as indicated by an inscription from the 18th century above the portal:
- "Old mended house / worth no blame"
The floor plan of the building reveals a central building with four extensions: two wings on the courtyard side and the two tower pavilions on the garden side. The central building hides the original building of the manor house, the oldest of which dates from around 1650. The old house, which was still relatively modest in size, was expanded at the beginning of the 18th century with the courtyard wing to form a baroque three-wing complex that enclosed a small courtyard . At the beginning of the 19th century, the mansion was enlarged again by the construction of the rear, three-story residential towers, so that it got its present shape. The facades are kept in white and largely do without decorative jewelry, which refers to the last renovations at the time of classicism . The house is two-story, only the towers and the courtyard-side risalit have a third floor.
Inside the house, the original furnishings have only been partially preserved, including baroque ceiling paintings from Hessian castles and some old beamed ceilings from the original building. The building was extensively renovated in 1954 and partly redesigned to reflect the taste of the times. The mansion is still privately owned and inhabited, so it is not open to the public.
The manor house was once surrounded by a spacious baroque garden , the basic structure of which is still partially recognizable today. The former garden ground floor in front of the north side of the castle is now occupied by a large meadow. In keeping with the zeitgeist of the era, the garden was redesigned in the 19th century to a landscape garden with English characteristics and designed with watercourses, bridges, ponds and groups of trees. As usual for these parks, the garden is provided with various staffage structures, including a temple from the first half of the 19th century in the shape of a prostyle . In addition to the park at Eutin Castle , the Panker garden is one of the most important landscape gardens in Schleswig-Holstein. As the garden area is largely located on the private grounds of the estate, it is not accessible to visitors.
In 1962, a small garden ground floor in the style of Italian Renaissance gardens was laid out in front of the north facade of the manor house . The area is structured by boxwood beds and lawns and decorated with hedges and bushes in ars topiary . The sculptures on display come from Italy, they were made in the 18th century and depict allegories of the seasons and the elements.
The gatehouse, the farm yard and the chapel
To the east of the manor house is the large gatehouse, which once restricted access to the farm yard. The building was erected around 1790 and also served as a gate and cavalier's house . The building of seventeen axes now houses the workshops of various artisans, as well as privately used and holiday apartments. The actual farmyard consisted of large barns and stables typical of the country, which took up the entire area of today's meadow. The buildings in this courtyard between the gatehouse and the manor house were destroyed by a large fire in 1957 and were not rebuilt afterwards. Instead, new farm buildings were built north of the estate.
The manor chapel is located northwest of the manor house. The single-nave building with a slender bell tower was built in 1890 and designed in the historicizing style of the Nordic Renaissance . Regular services are no longer held in the chapel, but it is rented out for weddings and similar events.
The manor village
The manor house forms the center of the manor village, which is part of the Panker community and in which around 80 people live. The building stock of the village has remained largely unchanged since the 19th century, apart from the demolished and elsewhere renewed buildings of the farmyard. The buildings that have been preserved include the feudal houses of the former farm workers, a widow's monastery, the coach house and the former stables , which houses one of the most important Trakehner studs in the country. It was founded in 1947 with horses rescued from East Prussia . Also well known is an inn called "Ole Liese", in which Prince Friedrich Wilhelm von Hessenstein's favorite horse of the same name received its bread of grace at the beginning of the 19th century . In return for caring for the animal, the farmhand who lived here received a license from which today's restaurant emerged.
The manor district still consists of several thousand hectares of arable land and forest and is still cultivated.
Hessenstein observation tower
About one and a half kilometers west-southwest of the manor house rises on the 128 meter high Pilsberg , an edged moraine , a lookout tower from the 19th century, the so-called Hessenstein. ( ⊙ ) The polygonal tower in neo-Gothic style was built from 1839 to 1841 and is seventeen meters high. A cast iron spiral staircase leads to the viewing platform surrounded by a crenellated wreath, which allows a view from the Kiel shipyard over the Laboe naval memorial to the Baltic Sea to the Hohwachter Bay and the Great Inland Sea . On a clear day you can see as far as Schwansen and Fehmarn as well as the Danish islands of Als and Ærø . The Bungsberg can be seen in a southeastern direction through a lane between the surrounding trees . The tower adorns Panker's coat of arms and was the first of a series of similar observation towers in Schleswig-Holstein, such as the Elisabeth tower on the Bungsberg or the Parnassus tower near Plön .
Web links
Sources and literature
- Henning v. Rumohr: castles and mansions in Ostholstein. Newly edited by Cai Asmus v. Rumohr. 3rd edition, Verlag Weidlich / Flechsig, Würzburg 1989, ISBN 3-8035-1303-0 , p. 213.
- Hans Maresch, Doris Maresch: Schleswig-Holstein's castles, manors and palaces. Husum Verlag, Husum 2006, ISBN 3-89876-278-5 .
- Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments. Hamburg, Schleswig-Holstein. 2nd greatly expanded and changed edition. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1994, ISBN 3-422-03033-6 .
- Deert Lafrenz: manors and manors in Schleswig-Holstein. Published by the State Office for Monument Preservation Schleswig-Holstein. 2nd Edition. Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2015, ISBN 978-3-86568-971-9 , p. 429.
Individual evidence
- ^ H. von Rumohr: Schlösser und Herrenhäuser in Ostholstein , p. 213. Verlag Weidlich, 1989
- ↑ H. v. Rumohr: Castles and mansions in Ostholstein , page 213, 214, 215.Weidlich Verlag, 1989
- ^ H. von Rumohr: Schlösser und Herrenhäuser in Ostholstein , p. 215. Verlag Weidlich, 1989
- ^ H. von Rumohr: Schlösser und Herrenhäuser in Ostholstein , page 219. Verlag Weidlich, 1989
- ^ H. von Rumohr: Schlösser und Herrenhäuser in Ostholstein , page 219, 220. Verlag Weidlich, 1989
- ^ All art historical data on the manor house from: Dehio Handbook of German Art Monuments - Hamburg, Schleswig-Holstein , page 680. Deutscher Kunstverlag, 1994
- ↑ All art historical data on the chapel from: Dehio Handbuch der deutschen Kunstdenkmäler - Hamburg, Schleswig-Holstein , page 680. Deutscher Kunstverlag, 1994
Coordinates: 54 ° 19 ′ 43.6 ″ N , 10 ° 34 ′ 18.6 ″ E
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