Equites Originarii

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The equites originarii ( Latin for original knights ) are the primeval noble families of Holstein and Stormarn , who lived there about 750 years ago, i.e. in the High Middle Ages .

history

At the height of estate power, i.e. in the 15th and 16th centuries, there were around 25 to 30 genders who belonged to the Equites Originarii . From the Holstein nobility families, the following still existed in 1590 (in today's spelling):

  • Ahlefeldt ,
  • Blome ,
  • Breide (extinct † 1675),
  • Brockdorff ,
  • Buchwaldt , *
  • Damme († 1679),
  • Gadendorp († 1613),
  • vd Hagen († 1641),
  • Heesten or Heist († 1642),
  • Hoken or Höcken († 1741),
  • Krummendieck (in Schleswig-Holstein † 1598, in Sweden † 1529, in Norway † 1530, in Denmark † 1541),
  • Meinstorp († 1664),
  • Plesse († 1639),
  • Pogwisch († 1845),
  • tortures ,
  • Rantzau ,
  • Rathlow († 1752) - a bourgeois small-aristocratic branch, which comes from the Danish Colonel Siewert Detlevsen (* 1630, † 1677 fallen), (spelling: Ratleff / Radeleff / Ratlöf) does not die out on Langeland until the 19th century -,
  • Reventlow ,
  • Rumohr ,
  • Sehestedt (in Schleswig-Holstein † 1711, in Denmark † 1882),
  • Smalstede († 1618),
  • Stake († approx. 1555),
  • Stove or Stöven († 1630),
  • Swyn († 1577),
  • Thienen (in Schleswig-Holstein † 1814),
  • Wahlstorf († after 1634, in French service),
  • Wensin († 1658),
  • vd wipe ,
  • Wittorp († 1697),
  • Wohnsfleth († 1747).

As early as the 15th and 16th centuries, a number of primeval families or lines of primitive families with their own gender names died out, for example:

  • Alverstorp († around 1440),
  • Ascheberg († 1535),
  • Barsebeke († around 1495),
  • Block († around 1430),
  • Bosendal († approx. 1535),
  • Campe (n) († 1499),
  • Dosenrode († 1476),
  • Hake († approx. 1585),
  • vd Helle († approx. 1461),
  • Hummersbotele or Hummelsbüttel († 1496),
  • Kale († 1420),
  • Kuren or Kühren († around 1435),
  • Kule († 1492),
  • Lasbeke († around 1475),
  • Latendorp († around 1485),
  • Lembek († 1562),
  • Mistorp († 1555),
  • Muggles or Muchels († approx. 1475),
  • Muk (k) esvelde (= Muggesfelde) († around 1425),
  • Plone or Plön († around 1405),
  • Porsvelde or Postfeld († 1503),
  • Rickesdorp or Rixtorp († 1509),
  • Sandbergh († 1473),
  • Schinkel († approx. 1495, in Denmark † 1560),
  • Selsingen († around 1420)
  • Siggem († 1500),
  • Smalstede († 1546),
  • Swawe († 1500),
  • Tedinghuusen / Tinhuus or Tetenhusen († 1556),
  • Tralow or Tralau († approx. 1420),
  • Wiltberg († approx. 1475),
  • Zeggendorp (= Sechendorf) († approx. 1410).

The noble families who immigrated in the late Middle Ages and early modern times and were informally taken up include the Thienen (before 1314; from 1840: Baron von Thienen-Adlerflycht ), von dem Hagen (around 1320), Blome (around 1406) and v. Schack (before 1584). Only the ancient South Jutian noble family Holck (today Count Holck) found direct acceptance into the Holstein knighthood; The Möed (also Möeth or Moeten) were only occasionally involved, so in 1381 Claus Möeth sold property in Arensberg near Plön, Claus Möeth signed the Kiel protection and defense association of the Holstein knighthood against Count Gerhard on May 2, 1469 in Kiel as the only original noble from Schleswig von Oldenburg with and Schack Möeth (Burgvogt von Kiel) fell in 1500 near Hemmingstedt. The Godow - today Godau am Plöner See - († approx. 1510) emigrated to Lolland in 1330 ; the V. Rastorp († 1749, in Denmark: Rostrup) are around 1327/28, the v. Stampe († approx. 1550) are around 1360 and the vd Knope or Knoop († 1565, in Denmark: Knob (e)) and the v. Rönnow († 1600) emigrated to Denmark in 1413/14 and are therefore not listed.

In 1837, according to information from the knighthood, only the following Holstein nobility families flourished: v. Ahlefeldt, v. Blome († 1945), v. Brockdorff, v. Buchwaldt, v. Qualen († 1890, an unparalleled branch that comes from the Dutch Rittmeister Hans Hanssen (* 1661, † 1713), has existed in South Jutland since the beginning of the 18th century (spelling: von Qualen)), v. Rantzau, v. Reventlow, v. Rumohr, v. Thienen, vd Wisch († 1873).

Today only nine of these Equites Originarii still exist: the Ahlefeld, Brockdorff, Buchwaldt, Rantzau, Reventlow, Rumohr and Thienen-Adlerflycht families, as well as the Holck families, who do not belong to the actual Holstein, knightly primeval nobility, the branch of Count Holck on Eckhof (Danish Wohld in the Duchy of Schleswig) was definitely accepted in early 1800, and Schack, who came from Bardowick in the Electorate of Lüneburg via the Duchy of Saxony-Lauenburg around 1580, immigrated to the Duchies of Holstein and Schleswig, whose membership was recognized in early 1714, and into the corporate community of Equites Originarii were included. The Originarii always had special rights and privileges, also vis-à-vis the other noble families that did not belong to this group.

The coats of arms of the original noble families of the Schleswig-Holstein knighthood that still exist today:

Probably the most famous act of the knighthood of Schleswig-Holstein is the Treaty of Ripen , in which they elected the Danish King Christian I as Duke of Schleswig and Count of Holstein and Stormarn.

Recepti

The second important group of the Schleswig-Holstein nobility are the so-called Recepti (admitted), who received a special legal act unconditionally or conditionally , i.e. only if a noble estate in Schleswig-Holstein was owned by the family, i.e. H. families admitted to knighthood. Here you have to differentiate between two groups:

  1. The old families who immigrated from (German) abroad, such as the Plessen , Baudissin , Platen , Levetzow, Bernstorff, Mösling, Hahn, Scheel, Holstein, Hessenstein, Schilden, Moltke and Bülow as well
  2. the originally middle-class families, namely the Wedderkop († 1962), Liliencron , Kielmansegg , Luckner , Hedemann-Heespen and Schimmelmann .

Demarcation

In the area of ​​what is now Schleswig-Holstein, Saxony-Lauenburg , roughly today's Duchy of Lauenburg district, had its own knighthood. The rich bourgeois patriciate of Lübeck, on the other hand, was oriented towards the imperial aristocracy due to the imperial immediacy of the city and organized in the circle society .

literature

  • Henning von Rumohr : About the Holstein nobility. In: Henning von Rumohr (ed.): Dat se bliven ewich tosamende ungedelt. Wachholtz, Neumünster 1960, pp. 101–152.

Web links

Commons : Equites Originarii  - collection of images, videos and audio files