Torments (noble family)

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Crest of those of agony

Qualen is the name of an old Holstein noble family that first appeared in a document on September 29, 1226 with the squire Theodericus (Dietrich) de Quale . The name Qualen is said to be derived from the German shortening and twisting of the Slavic male name Boguchwal (Gottlieb or Gottlobend), which means that it is derived from Chwal to Qual.

history

The squire Theodericus (Dietrich) de Quale first appeared in a document when he signed the renewed foundation letter of the noble Benedictine convent of Preetz in 1226. Presumably his sons were the three brothers Heinrich, Johannes Ruske and Lüder von Coizla (Koslau). These three certified the sale of the village of Ripsdorf to Bishop Johannes von Tralau on January 25, 1262 . The brothers Nicolaus and Heinrich von Qualen also lived around 1285, as well as a Johannes von Qualen (Johannis dicte de Quale) around 1350, who witnessed a contract of the Preetz Monastery on April 16, 1358.

A Henning von Qualen, 1381 Drost of the Dorpat Abbey, promised in August 1385 together with the mayor Hermann Kegeler, the Canon Kanold von Vifhusen and the councilor of Dorpat Curt Holthusen, the claim of the council of Lübeck in the dispute between the abbey and the city of Dorpat Recognize governor in Sweden Boo Jansen. The Qualensche coat of arms appeared for the first time on the seal, about 2½ cm, of this document. A Detlev von Qualen appears in documents from 1359 and 1363. He also vouched for himself in December 1379 together with Eghard von Qualen with others for 150 marks, which a Johan Breyde owed the Schoenberg Guild and he appears in March 1392 together with Elerus Qualen as a witness in a document from Bishop Eberhard von Attendorn .

A Marquard von Qualen lived around 1380. In a document from 1387 he sealed the sale of the village of Gothendorf in the parish of Eutin by the brothers Wulf and Marquard von Rantzau zu Koselau to the Lübeck canon Jacob Krumbek. His sons were Claus, Detlev and Hartwig.

In 1411, Marquard von Qualen also sealed the five-year armistice at Kolding, in which the northern part of Schleswig with Flensburg , Niehuus and Tondern was confirmed as pledge possession for the Danes . His son Claus was in 1417, together with his brother Detlef, on Count Heinrich IV of Holstein's side, guarantor of the armistice with King Erik VII of Denmark . Detlef was 1425 bailiff in Tonder and participated in Lubeck, Schleswig and Flensburg at various negotiations.

A documented line of trunks can be set up from Otto von Qualen († 1557), who, for example, sealed the seal in 1548 with his brothers Johann and Siwert.

The male lineage died out in the 19th century with the distant cousins ​​Wilhelm († 1887) and Conrad († 1890) von Qualen. The last living of the noble family was Louise (1849–1932), daughter of Josias Friedrich Christian von Qualen (1807–1850).

The families or their branches of the Dorn (Dorne) in the rural community of Priwitz in the parish of Grube, which was called Curia Dorn around 1400, can be added to the sex of those from Torment. As well as the (von) Klenau family, mentioned as early as 1271. Both carried the Qualensche coat of arms. It can be found on the surviving seals of Nicolaus de Dhorne (around 1320) and Hartwicus de Cienowe (around 1364).

An unequal line that comes from the Dutch cavalry master Hans Hanssen von Qualen (* 1661, † 1713) on Östergaard and Schwensbyhof in fishing has existed in southern Jutland since the beginning of the 18th century (spelling: von Qualen). This unequal line, which Erich von Qualen (1708–1758) on Haugaard (today: Havgård) at Hadersleben and his son Jens Ludwig von Qualen (1749–1820) on Gaböl at Hadersleben comes from, still exists in North Schleswig.

The ancestral estates of the noble family von Qualen were the estates Damp , Koselau (before 1238 to 1615), Windeby (from 1694 to 1797) and Wulfshagen . The following goods were temporarily owned by family members: Quaal, Herningsholm, Östergaard (from 1660 to 1717), Schwensbyhof, Klein Nordsee, Bossee, Westensee (from 1720 to 1783), Bienebek, Borghorst (from 1742 to 1800 and 1815 to 1823) , Behrensbrook, Rothenstein (from 1737 to 1802), Nübel, Noer, Hemmelmark, Eschelsmark, Marienthal, Qualsholm, Siggen (from 1649 to 1715) and Hoffnungsthal.

coat of arms

Crest of those of agony

In silver, a black boar's head pointing up to the right with protruding tusks without a neck. On the helmet with black and silver covers the boar's head. The coat of arms probably refers to the fact that the family had made a contribution to the land by exterminating the "wild and harmful animals". Other sources attribute it to the fact that a "young Henning" (von) Toren saved his king on a hunt from an angry boar and received this coat of arms as a thank you.

Significant namesake

  • Otto von Qualen (approx. 1485–1557), landlord on Koselau, Burgvogt von Gottorf
  • Josias von Qualen (field marshal) (approx. 1528–1586), Danish field marshal, bailiff von Steinburg, Gottorf; Ancestor of the older branch of the family tree of those of Qualen
  • Otto von Qualen the Elder (1541–1604), Gottorfischer Hofmarschall, bailiff of Schwabstedt, Tondern,
  • Otto von Qualen the Younger (1566–1620), landlord on Koselau; Bailiff of Kiel and Bordesholm, Tremsbüttel, Aabenraa, Flensburg; Monastery provost
  • Claus von Qualen (1602–1664), bailiff of Trittau, Reinbek; Cismar and Oldenburg, holstein ducal envoy and diplomat.
  • Druda von Qualen (1608–1673), canon, poet and writer
  • Otto von Qualen (1632–1666), author, Danish chamberlain and court master of Christian zu Rantzau
  • Otto von Qualen (1652–1698), landlord on Siggen and Windeby, Danish chamberlain, privy councilor of the prince-bishop
  • Heinrich von Qualen (1663–1707), landlord on Schwensby, prince-bishop high steward in Eutin; Progenitor of the younger branch of the older branch
  • Otto von Qualen (1683–1717), landlord on Östergaard, ducal court master; Last equal to the older branch of the older branch
  • Otto von Qualen (1697–1767), landlord on Windeby, ducal chamberlain and Danish conference councilor; Progenitor of the younger branch of the younger branch
  • Henning von Qualen (1703–1785), High President of Altona and Provost of Uetersen, Danish Privy Conference Councilor, holder of the Elephant Order, Knight of the Dannebrog Order, holder of the Court Order l'Union parfaite
  • Josias von Qualen (1705–1775), landlord on Behrensbrook, Rothenstein, Borghorst, prince-bishop chief mayor, privy councilor of Holstein, owner of the elephant order, knight of the Dannebrog order, knight of the St. Anne's order
  • Friedrich Christian von Qualen (1724–1792), landlord on Windeby, Danish privy councilor, knight of the Dannebrog order, holder of the court order l'Union parfaite
  • Josias von Qualen (1742–1819), landlord of Borghorst and Damp, bitterness of Itzehoe, secret conference council, monastery provost of Uetersen, holder of the elephant order, knight of the Dannebrog order, knight of the St. Anne's order
  • Friedrich August von Qualen (1747–1805), landlord on Westensee, district administrator
  • Friedrich Carl Ferdinand von Qualen (1769–1846), Danish chamberlain and general administrator, captain
  • Johann Detlev von Qualen (1775–1824), major, knight of the Dannebrog Order and holder of the Order of Orange-Nassau
  • Rudolf Anton Ludwig von Qualen (1778–1830), colonel, Danish chamberlain and envoy, minister and knight of the Dannebrog Order
  • Josias Friedrich Christian von Qualen (1807–1850), chamberlain
  • Josias von Qualen (1782–1823), landlord on Borghorst, Danish chamberlain, Rittmeister
  • Louise von Qualen (1810–1895), benefactress and canon of the Uetersen monastery
  • Carl von Qualen (1818–1882), landlord of Wulfshagen, chamberlain, priest of Preetz 1850–1877

literature

  • Hans Schröder : History and biographical news of the family v. Torments. In: North Albingian Studies. 3 (1846) ( digitized , pp. 103-145)
  • Hans-Hellmuth Qualen Die von Qualen: History of a Schleswig-Holstein Noble Family (Kiel, Mühlau 1987)
  • Hans-Hellmuth Qualen: History of the family torments and of torments , additions 1987 (self-published 1987)

Web links

Commons : Qualen (noble family)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Original in Preetz Monastery , printed in Schleswig-Holstein-Lauenburgische Regesten und Urkunden , Volume 1, Hamburg 1886, Pages 203-204, No. 446
  2. ↑ Document book Lübeck 4 p. 505
  3. ^ Document book Lübeck 5 p. 418