Schack (noble family)

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Coat of arms of the von Schack
(Lower Saxony)
Coat of arms of those of Schack
(Pomerania)

Schack is the name of an old noble family from Lower Saxony . The Lords of Schack originally belonged to the Lüneburg nobility.

Branches of the family later settled across northern Germany and the Kingdom of Denmark . They belong to the Equites Originarii , the traditional families of Holsteins and Stormarns . The Counts and Lords of Schack exist in various branches to this day.

There is no relationship to the Silesian noble family Schack von Wittenau (also Schach von Wittenau ), which appears for the first time in 1415.

history

origin

The Schack are of a tribe and coat of arms with those of Estorff (earlier spelling also from Estorp). They appear for the first time in 1162 with the nobilis Scacco de Bardewic in a document. He is named as a witness to Duke Heinrich the Lion . The lineage of the sex also begins with Scacco .

In Lüneburg documents around 1200 Eckhard Schako and his brother Mangold von Estorp , sons of Schackoni , are named as witnesses. In 1282 the Schack donated the local Johanniskirche (which has not been preserved) to the cathedral chapter in Bardowick with the patronage right and inherited lands. This church must have been built by the family before the city was destroyed in 1189.

In 1342, Johann Schack appears in a document , whose son Ekbert again expressly mentions himself from Estorp.

Expansion and possessions

From the 14th century onwards, the family was essentially limited to its possessions on the right bank of the Elbe in the Duchy of Saxony-Lauenburg (today the Duchy of Lauenburg in Schleswig-Holstein ). There, the Schacken owned Gut Gülzow for about 400 years, until 1654, and also from earlier times (documented in 1391) the Gut Basthorst (until 1645) and until 1408 Gut Wotersen . Furthermore Juliusburg 1423–1570 as well as Must .

From the 15th century, members of the family came to the Duchy of Holstein and Denmark. In terms of real estate, the non-countial lines of the family in Schleswig-Holstein and Denmark owned 23 estates, mostly temporarily. They later settled in the Mark Brandenburg , Mecklenburg , Pomerania , West Prussia and in Upper Lusatia .

In 1690 they owned the Rosenthal and Wendewisch estates in the Principality of Lüneburg (today both districts of Bleckede ). Christian von Schack came from the Brunswick-Lüneburg line and was appointed privy councilor of the Princely Wolfenbüttler in 1790 . Emico Johann von Schack, Lord of Wendorf near Crivitz in Mecklenburg, who was the head captain in Langenheim, also came from this line .

Engel Karl Ernst von Schack (1750–1811) on Grammow with his wife Meta Pauline von Rosenørn (1754–1811) and the children Christian and Friedrich

In Mecklenburg, Borgstorf was owned by the Schack until 1495 . From the 17th century until 1895, the Counts Schack were resident at Gut Wendorf in Kuhlen-Wendorf. In the 17th century, the Buchwald family married Gut Johannstorf to the Schack, who then called themselves Schack von Buchwald there . They had today's baroque mansion built from 1743. The goods Gross Poverstorf (today Schönlage ) and Schependorf were owned by the family in the 18th century, Grammow from 1794 to 1832, and in the 19th century the Gut Rehagen, which was then renamed Basthorst (after the Lauenburg possession) Brüsewitz Breesen , Ehmkendorf , Pankelow .

The Wendorf branch in Mecklenburg owned Rehagen (later called Basthorst), Schependorf, Langenbrütz, Gr. Goernow, Nustrow, Stassow, Grammow, Ehmkendorf, Körchow, Pottwitz, Wichmannsdorf etc. The Müssener line temporarily owned Dreilützow , Damshagen , Gresse, but primarily the Fideikommiss Hülseburg (1694–1779). The Raden branch acquired the majorat Zülow . The Herzberg branch was later located in Lübsee, Panzelow, Retzendorf, Flessenow and Rey (from the beginning of the 18th century until expropriation in 1945). The Hasenthaler line owned the goods Wietow, Hast, Masstow, Fahr and Kahlenberg in Mecklenburg and Tuschau, Kirschenau and Wengern in East Prussia.

In Einschreibebuch of Dobbertin Abbey are 31 entries of daughters of the family of Schack of from 1722 to 1908 Wendorf, United Raden, Ventschow, Retgendorf, Gremmelin, Pankelow and Dreilützow for inclusion in the noble Damenstift in Kloster Dobbertin ; about fifteen percent of these were accepted as conventual women. Several coats of arms with crosses hang on the nun gallery in the monastery church.

While the Hasenthaler and Müssener line separated in the 16th century and the Basthorst line in the 14th century from the common ancestral house Getzow, the Pomeranian Schacks broke up in the 13th century and acquired the goods Prillwitz , Klosin and Lindenbusch in the Pyritzer Weizenacker , which remained in their possession until 1799, as well as Lenzen, Blankensee and Kloxin . Most recently this line owned the Weidenbach and Raakow and Dammerow near Belgardt goods.

In the Mark Brandenburg was among other things Lindenbusch near Soldin , in Mecklenburg Johannstorf , Rey and Körchow , in West Prussia Trzciano near Culm and Tuschewo near Löbau and in Upper Lusatia Berna (today Bierna) near Lauban and Radibor (1707–1765, with the 1719 for Friedrich Wilhelm von Schack built a baroque palace).

Hans Schack came from the Pomeranian line and was appointed lieutenant general and commander of Copenhagen by King Christian V of Denmark . However, he later moved with his family to his wife's estate in Westphalia and left only female descendants.

Hans von Schack (1609–1676) was a member of the Lauenburg-Mecklenburg tribe . He was first in French service as a royal French major general , then entered royal Danish service and died in 1676 as a Danish field marshal and president of the war council . Hans von Schack took over the fiefdom of Møgeltønder in 1659 and had the baroque Schackenburg castle built there from 1662–1666 . His descendants were the Danish Counts Schack von Schackenborg , the last owner was the liege Count Hans von Schack, who died in 1978 and who left the property of a foundation as a secondary education for the royal family. Furthermore, Hans von Schack had acquired Gram Castle in 1661 , which remained in the possession of the Counts Schack until 1821, then their heirs, the Counts Brockenhuus-Schack, until 2007. In 1754 the Palais Schack in Copenhagen was acquired, today the residence of the Danish Queen.

Engel Carl Ernst von Schack (1750–1811), Herr auf Nustrow (owned by the family from 1794–1912), who had the classicist manor built there in 1830 , came from another Danish line , Grammow and Stassow, Danish privy councilor, court marshal and order secretary, who was appointed President of the City of Kiel around 1800 .

In the Kingdom of Prussia , too , numerous members of the family found influential military positions. Hartwig von Schack († 1783) and Friedrich Ludwig von Schack († 1829) were major general in the Prussian army . Carl Wilhelm von Schack († 1831) and August Wilhelm von Schack († 1864) were promoted to lieutenant general. Arnold Ernst Julius von Schack was a royal Prussian chamberlain and state elder .

An important representative of the family was the poet and art historian Adolf Friedrich von Schack . In 1856 he was made an honorary member of the Academy of Sciences . He founded a collection of valuable paintings, the Schackgalerie . After being bequeathed to Kaiser Wilhelm II , this is still based in Munich . Adolf Friedrich von Schack became an honorary citizen of the city of Munich in 1881 .

There is a family association of the Lords and Counts von Schack.

Status surveys

In the course of time, especially in Denmark, numerous class surveys have been carried out on the sex . The line to Sneumgaard received on December 7, 1668 and the line to Wendorf on January 17, 1776 the Danish nobility naturalization.

On January 6, 1658, Hans von Schack, initially a royal Danish lieutenant general of the cavalry, received the Danish nobility naturalization from the Danish line at Schackenburg. On May 25, 1671, he, now a Danish field marshal and member of the Imperial Council , was promoted to the rank of baron for all his descendants, and, in primogenitur , the Danish count status. His son Otto Didrik Graf Schack auf Schackenburg, bailiff of Ribe, established the Danish feudal county Schackenburg on June 23, 1676. Frederik Christian Freiherr Schack auf Giesegaard received the Danish count status on October 18, 1749. On September 17, 1772, the royal Danish chamberlain and privy councilor Hans Graf Schack, fourth liege of Schackenburg, Seekamp and Brink, received unlimited permission to run the counts.

From the line to Zülow , Adolf Friedrich von Schack , Fideikommissherr auf Zülow and grand-ducal-Mecklenburg-Schwerin chamberlain and secret legation councilor , received the Prussian count in primogenitur on November 22, 1876 in Berlin by the highest cabinet order . It was linked to the property of Fideikommiss Zülow. The title of count was inherited from his brother Rudolf von Schack auf Brüsewitz. A grand ducal-Mecklenburg-Schwerin recognition took place on December 28, 1876 and on October 22, 1877 in Berlin through a Prussian diploma .

coat of arms

Family coat of arms

The family coat of arms shows a silver lily in red . On the helmet the silver lily between two red-silver and silver-red split buffalo horns . The helmet covers are red-silver.

The Pomeranian tribe via the same sign as a crest a growing, red-clad Virgin with a green wreath in departing hair in each hand a silver lily reserved. The helmet covers are red-silver.

The Danish lines also continue the stem shield, sometimes as a quartered coat of arms.

Municipal coat of arms

The lily from the coat of arms of the Schack family still appears today in numerous North German city, official and community coats of arms.

Known family members (chronological)

Hans von Schack (1609–1676), field marshal
Adolf Friedrich von Schack (1815–1894), poet and art collector

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Schack (noble family)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch Volume I, No. 74 weblink identical to the document book of the City of Lübeck 1, No. 2
  2. ↑ Ernst Heinrich Kneschke (Ed.): New general German Adelslexicon. Friedrich Voigt's bookstore, Leipzig 1868; Volume 8, p. 70.
  3. ↑ Schleswig-Holstein's municipal coat of arms
  4. ↑ Horst Alsleben : The Dobbertiner convent. A Christian community in the Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. In: Dobbertin Monastery, History-Building-Life. Contributions to art history and monument preservation in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Volume 2, Schwerin 2012, p. 57.