Schimmelmann

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Coat of arms of Count Schimmelmann

The Schimmelmann family was a German middle-class family who came from Mecklenburg via Pomerania to Denmark and were raised to the nobility there in the 18th century . Members of the family now live in Denmark, Germany, and the United States.

history

The family line begins in the first half of the 17th century in Rostock with Nikolaus Schimmelmann, who was born in Bützow and was granted citizenship in 1632. The Schimmelmanns became a wealthy Rostock merchant family, which died out in the third generation with Johann (II.) In the male line. His brother Dietrich Jakob Schimmelmann settled in Demmin in Western Pomerania at the beginning of the 18th century .

Heinrich Carl Schimmelmann , Count zu Lindenborg, Lord of Ahrensburg and Wandsbek (1724–1782), merchant, grain supplier to the Prussian army, shipowner, plantation owner in the Danish West Indies, slave trader

A Prussian baronial line and the Danish-Holstein baronial and counts line are derived from Dietrich Jakob . His third son, Heinrich Carl Schimmelmann , made considerable profits as a Prussian grain supplier during the Seven Years' War . He made a fortune by selling the stocks of Meissen porcelain in Hamburg that had been confiscated by the Prussians in Saxony, and by doing business with coins. In 1759 he acquired the Ahrensburg estate in Holstein, established economic contacts in Denmark and entered service in Denmark in 1761. In 1762 he bought Lindenborg Castle near Aalborg in North Jutland . In the same year he was raised to the Danish baron and on February 22, 1762 accepted into the Schleswig-Holstein knighthood . From the Danish state, which was stuck in an economic and trade crisis in the 1760s, he bought several sugar cane plantations in the Danish West Indies (now the American Virgin Islands in the Caribbean) at a reasonable price. This brought him into possession of around 400 to 500 slaves, the number of which he increased to around 1,000 over the next twenty years. Soon afterwards he took part in the Atlantic triangular trade and became Denmark's largest slave trader. The slave trade reached its peak during the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783).

In 1771 he had a family fideikommiss set up in Ahrensburg . As a royal Danish treasurer, he was raised to the rank of count in 1779. The Lindenborg feudal county was established on June 18, 1781 and existed until it was abolished in 1922.

After Heinrich Carl's death in 1782, his son Ernst Heinrich (1747–1831) took over goods and businesses. From 1784 to 1814 he was Danish Minister of Finance and Trade. The slave trade in Denmark declined since the Second Treaty of Paris due to the overpowering English competition to the point of insignificance. Finally, Ernst Heinrich von Schimmelmann issued a slave trade ban in 1792. After the death of his descendant Carl Heinrich Lehnsgraf von Schimmelmann in 1978, Lindenborg Castle was transferred to the Schimmelmannske Fond .

With Heinrich Ludwig von Schimmelmann 1780 a son of Heinrich Carl's older brother was Jacob Schimmel man elevated to the Danish nobility. Heinrich Ludwig managed his uncle's plantations and was Governor General of the Danish West Indies from 1785–89. Some of Heinrich Ludwig's descendants were later elevated to the Prussian baron class. Jacob Schimmelmann's manager Wulf von Schimmelmann , among others, is descended from Jacob Schimmelmann .

Nobility uprisings

  • for Heinrich Carl von Schimmelmann:
    • April 16, 1762: Danish nobility as feudal baron af Lindenborg
    • April 28, 1779: Danish liege count with the right to increase the coat of arms
  • 1780: Danish nobility for Heinrich Ludwig von Schimmelmann
  • 1885: Prussian barons for some of the descendants of Ernst Karl Heinrich von Schimmelmann

coat of arms

The smaller coat of arms shows in the split shield on the right in gold an upright green branch with three right-facing, one above the other, green linden leaves, on the left in silver two blue bars (Lindenborg). The shield is crowned by a foliage crown (or nine-pointed count's crown ). Two wild men wreathed green around their heads and loins as shield holders . The whole thing on a green lawn (or golden pedestal ).

The larger, increased coat of arms is quartered and covered with a split heart shield crowned with a baron's crown , inside on the right in gold a green branch protruding from the dividing line with three transversely stacked green linden leaves, on the left in silver two blue bars (County Lindenborg). Fields 1 and 4 quartered with a blue heart shield, inside a crowned lion (Penik), fields a and d split from silver and red ( Rantzau ), fields b and c in gold a blue sloping bar on both sides accompanied by six each (3, 2, 1 ) silver diamonds (Burggrafschaft Leißnig). Fields 2 and 3 split: on the right in blue an eagle's wing emerging from the dividing line , on the left in silver two red bars ( Ahlefeldt ). On the helmet with green and gold covers on the right and blue and silver covers on the left, seven natural peacock feathers . Two wild men wreathed in green around their heads and loins as shield holders, leaning on a club with the right or left.

Standard sequence (extract)

More name bearers

literature

  • Christian Degn: The Schimmelmanns in the Atlantic triangular trade. Profit and conscience. Neumunster. Wachholtz. 1974.
  • Genealogical handbook of the nobility : Graefliche Häuser B. Volume 2 (Bd. 23). CA strong . Limburg an der Lahn 1960. P. 366f.
  • Ernst Heinrich Kneschke : New general German nobility lexicon. Volume 8. Friedrich Voigt. Leipzig 1868. pp. 170-171.
  • Franz Müller: Contributions to the cultural history of the city of Demmin. W. Gesellius. Demmin 1902. pp. 13f.

Web links

Commons : Schimmelmann (noble family)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Descendants of Schimmelmann ( Memento of the original from December 22nd, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.historischer-arbeitskreis-ahrensburg.de
  2. ↑ a b Stefan Winkle: Schimmelmann und Sohn: The Danish slave trade ( memento of the original from March 26, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . In: Hamburger Ärzteblatt , No. 12, 2003, pp. 530-537. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.aerztekammer-hamburg.de