Swans

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sieseby on the Schlei
Gatehouse Gut Damp

The Schwansen landscape ( Danish : Svans or Svansø ) is a peninsula in the north of Schleswig-Holstein (in the Schleswig region ) between Schlei and Eckernförde Bay . In the northeast, across the Schlei, lies the town of Kappeln , and in the south Eckernförde . The two cities have been connected by Schwansenstrasse (B 203) since 1972 . Schwansen comprises twelve municipalities of the Schlei-Ostsee office , the former municipalities of Kopperby and Olpenitz , which belong to the city of Kappeln, and the Bohnert district of the municipality of Kosel . Rieseby was the main town of Harde and the later Schwansen office . The peninsula has about 20,000 inhabitants.

Limits

A map of Johannes Mejers with the marking of the border between Schwansen and Bergharde (= Hüttener Harde ) at Kosel-Windebyer Noor

Schwansen is bordered by the Eckernförde Bay in the east and the Schlei in the west and north . The delimitation to the south is disputed. On individual maps of the Duchy of Schleswig by the cartographer Johannes Mejer from the middle of the 17th century, the Kolholmer or Koseler Au (with an imaginary line from the vicinity of Barkelsby either becomes the Eckernförder Lachsenbach ( Landtcarte uom dem Dænischen Walde , 1652) , the Möhlwischbach or towards the former municipal boundary between Eckernförde and Borby ( Carte Von den Lándern Anglen und Schwansen , 1649)) indicated as the boundary of the Riesebyharde , which, however, is more political than geographical in nature. Their southern border also changed several times over the centuries - for example Borby was most recently a member of the Hüttener Harde and the Eckernförde Harde .

The Kolhomer-Au line has been followed by many publications to this day, including on the geographical definition of the southern border. According to this definition, however, places that are generally and historically considered to be Schwansen area are almost exclusively or partially outside the same. This applies above all to Kosel , partly also to Barkelsby and Gammelby . Today's Borby district of Eckernförde also belongs entirely (former border to Eckernförde), partially ( Lachsenbach border) or not at all ( Möhlwischbach border).

The most widely defined border of Schwansen is the Osterwall , a section of the Danewerk between the Windebyer Noor and the Osterbek to the Schlei near the Fleckebyer district of Götheby-Holm . Bronnmann sees it similarly , who draws the southern border from the Great Width of the Schlei over the Holmer See near Götheby-Holm , the Großer Schnaaper See and the Windebyer Noor (from Schnaap ). Jens Peter Trap also drew the southern border between the Windebyer Noor and the Große Breite der Schlei in 1864, including the Osterbek. According to further delimitation definitions such as the Ostwall- or the Bronnmann -Linie , all districts of Eckernfördes north of Eckernförde Bay , Eckernförde Harbor and Windebyer Noor are in Schwansen, as well as smaller areas of the communities Fleckeby and Windeby .

history

Schwansen in Waldemar's time

The name is probably derived from the Schwansener See in the municipality of Dörphof . The name is mentioned in a document as early as 1231 in the Waldemar- Erdbuch as Swansø (Danish: Swan Lake) and in a document in 1260 as Swansio . Swansø is said to have been the name of Lake Schwansen , later the parish and finally the name of the entire peninsula.

Steep coast near Eckernförde

The area was settled by Danes and Jutes around 750 , which, as in neighboring fishing , is reflected in the many place names ending in -by (≈ -dorf; e.g. Gammelbyold village ), but also -torp , -toft and - mark can be read. The region between the Eider and Schlei was at times controversial between Danes and Germans. In the 10th century Schwansen was probably part of the Saxon Mark Schleswig (also: Danish Mark ). From the 13th century at the latest, it was part of the entire Danish administrative area of Fræzlæt ( Waldemar-Erdbuch ). The Riesebyharde is mentioned for the first time in 1352 . In the south between Schlei and the Windebyer Noor near Eckernförde was part of the Danewerk with the Osterwall . At its eastern end in Borby was the Ykernaeburgh (Danish Egernborg: squirrel castle), which was mentioned in 1231 in King Waldemar II's earth book . In the 15th century, the Danish King Erich von Pomerania built fortifications such as the Schwonsburg and the Königsburg . From the end of the Middle Ages onwards, Schwansen developed a well-developed estate economy with fortified aristocratic estates , which led to the introduction of serfdom . Administratively, the former Riesebyharde now formed Schwansen's property district, which was governed jointly by the Gottorf dukes and Danish kings at the time the duchies were divided.

languages

Schwansen is a traditionally multilingual area: Today, in addition to standard German, Danish (especially Sydslesvigdansk , a variant of Imperial Danish ) and Low German ( Schwansener Platt , a small dialect of Schleswig ) are spoken in everyday language. Standard German is the usual official language, but the other two languages ​​also have official language status today. Historically, the South Jutian language area also reached as far as the Eckernförde-Treene-Husum line in the Middle Ages and was spoken in the variety of Angel Danish in Schwansen until the 19th century .

The linguistic diversity is also reflected in Schwansen's place and field names. Many place names are of Danish origin, while younger names (especially those of the large estates) are often of Low and High German origin. Many Danish names were later Germanized. Since the German influence took hold here earlier than in central Schleswig and Angling, the change from -torp to -trup or -rup , which was carried out in the younger Danish, often no longer took place here by changing the r . In addition to the Danish and German forms, even older common Germanic place names such as Bohnert or Loose are suspected in individual cases , which may go back to the fishing rods.

Infrastructure and monument protection

The gently hilly terminal moraine landscape with beaches and cliffs is today characterized by estate management. The numerous courtyards around the mansions and castles are largely run by long-established noble families, including the dukes of Schleswig-Holstein and Mecklenburg . Schwansen is known, among other things, for the listed village of Sieseby ( Thumby municipality ) on the Schlei and the seaside resort of Damp. In addition to Damp, other communities along the Baltic coast have a tourist infrastructure. In Karlsminde is the largest of several hundred burial mounds .

Larger towns on the Schwansen peninsula (in German and Danish)

Localities

  • Barkelsby parish (in whole or in part depending on the definition of the southern border )
  • Brodersby parish
  • Municipality of Damp
  • Dörphof municipality
  • Fleckeby municipality ( partly or not depending on the definition of the southern border )
  • Gammelby municipality ( depending on the definition of the southern border in whole or in part )
  • Municipality Holzdorf
  • Karby parish
  • Municipality of Kosel ( depending on the definition of the southern border in whole or in part; OT Bohnert in full )
  • Loose Parish
  • Rieseby municipality
  • Thumby parish
  • community Waabs
  • Municipality of Windeby ( partly or not depending on the definition of the southern border )
  • Winnemark municipality
  • District Eckernförde– Carlshöhe ( depending on the definition of the southern border all or not )
  • District Eckernförde– Borby (without Schnaap) ( depending on the definition of the southern border in whole, in part or not )
  • District of Eckernförde - grass wood ( depending on the definition of the southern border all or not )
  • District Eckernförde– Louisenberg
  • District Eckernförde – Nord ( depending on the definition of the southern border all or not )
  • District of Eckernförde– Schnaap ( depending on the definition of the southern border all or not )
  • District Eckernförde – Vogelsang ( depending on the definition of the southern border in whole, in part or not )
  • District of Eckernförde – Vorstadt Steindamm ( depending on the definition of the southern border all or not )

societies

Web links

Wikivoyage: Schwansen  - travel guide

References and comments

  1. ^ Wilhelm Bronnmann: Schwansen , home community Eckernförde 1988; especially pages 9-16
  2. Jens Peter Trap: Statistisk-topographisk beskrivelse af hertugdømmet Slesvig , Copenhagen 1864, p. 643
  3. the Osterwall runs through the middle of the Windebyer capital Kochendorf ; see: Irmgard Busch in an article on Osterwall in Rund ums Windebyer Noor (publication by SPD Windeby) December 2008 Page no longer available , search in web archives: online@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.spd-windeby.de
  4. Document dated May 12, 1260; Dipl. Dan. II, 1, No. 316.
  5. Swansio is old Danish and also means Swan Lake Store Norske Leksikon
  6. Nudansk Ordbog, 13th edition, Politiken Forlag.
  7. ^ Wolfgang Laur: The place names . In: Heimatgemeinschaft Eckernförde (Hrsg.): Heimatbuch des Kreis Eckernförde . JC Schwensen, Eckernförde 1972.
  8. § 82 b LVwG SH
  9. ^ Wolfgang Laur: The place names . In: Heimatgemeinschaft Eckernförde (Hrsg.): Heimatbuch des Kreis Eckernförde . JC Schwensen, Eckernförde 1972.

Coordinates: 54 ° 34 ′ 0 ″  N , 9 ° 54 ′ 0 ″  E