Lower Saxony dictionary

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The Lower Saxony dictionary is one of the large-scale German dictionaries and records the vocabulary of the dialects of today's federal states of Lower Saxony and Bremen .

In dialect geographical terms, in the West Low German dialect area it affects the North Lower Saxony as well as the East Westphalian and Westphalian dialect associations. The Central German language island in the Upper Harz and Central German in the south of the Göttingen district, like the East Frisian of the Saterland in the northwest of the Cloppenburg district, are not taken into account.

Characteristic

The Lower Saxony Dictionary is an alphabetically arranged dictionary of meanings . Since the resumption of work after the war, the original concept of a dictionary serving folk research has been given up in favor of a dialectological-lexicological concept. Accordingly, it is now a question of a synchronously oriented dialect dictionary that lists the dialectal vocabulary of the field of study from the middle of the 18th century to the present in alphabetical order, names the meanings, specifies the distribution with information from general to rare and provides grammatical information.

A systematic addition to the archive has not been a dictionary objective since the beginning of the publication (but it is the task of the Lower Saxony dialect archive, which emerged from the dictionary archive). The lemmatic consideration of names has been dispensed with since Volume 3, but they are reported in parts of fixed phrases and idioms. After the change in the conception of the Westphalian dictionary edited in Münster , the Nds. Wb. The only dictionary aimed at completeness in the presentation of the dialectal vocabulary in West Low Germany.

The Lower Saxony dictionary has been developed at the Georg-August University of Göttingen since 1935 and at the Institute for Historical Research there since 1973 .

Sources and material base

The result of 10 questionnaire surveys in around 2,600 locations between 1935 and 1951 is the so-called questionnaire archive of around 1.2 million documents. In addition, there is the so-called slip archive of around 1 million records, created from targeted excerpts and free collections. This means that around 150,000 dialect words in Lower Saxony are documented.

history

The Lower Saxony Dictionary Office was founded on December 8, 1934. Friedrich Neumann (1890–1978) took over the management of the old Germanist and then rector of the university . A little later, the "office" (as the job was called) at the seminar for German philology was converted to the "department for Lower Saxony dialect research".

In the years 1935–38, extensive linguistic data material was collected across the entire area of ​​today's Lower Saxony and the Hanseatic City of Bremen (in certain cases also in the adjacent areas) using eight questionnaires developed by H. Janßen; These sheets were returned from around 2,600 communities and locations.

In addition, H. Janßen issued a "call for collaboration on the Lower Saxony dictionary", with which lay people collecting dialect word material were invited to give their collections to the workplace. The aim was to incorporate such free collections into the data corpus of the Nds. Wb. Was of course the increase in the number of recorded dialect words, but even more the increase in context or sentence evidence and in particular the compensation of certain distortions in the data that are to be expected in surveys by questionnaires (for example, there are hardly any 'small words', but also few verbs in the questionnaire material). In fact, between 1935 and 1939, around 95,000 pieces of paper from free collections were received in Göttingen.

At the same time, Janßen also included two other source groups in the data material for the Lower Saxony dictionary : local and regional dictionaries that have already been printed, as well as those “books, magazines and newspapers” that laypeople who are willing to work have at home or that can be easily accessed. 2 - The resulting problems of a not clearly delimited canon of sources are obvious. The consistently poor results despite the instructions for the excerpt ultimately led to these notes having to be sorted out later.

In December 1945, Wolfgang Jungandreas (1894–1991) was in charge of the job . Turning away from the original concept of a folklore-oriented dictionary, W. Jungandreas began working on the manuscript, although the most important prerequisite for this - the systematic ordering of the source material - had not yet taken place. In the time that remained until the outbreak of the war, H. Janßen was only able to organize the incoming questionnaires in a geographical order and to archive them by inserting them in files. Systematic access to the verbal material contained in the questionnaires was not possible with the existing archive structure; the incorporation of such material was therefore rather random and unsystematic.

After reviewing the available material, W. Jungandreas drafted two further questionnaires. Questionnaire 9 was sent out in 1947 with far less response than in the 1930s, and in 1949 another questionnaire survey was carried out on a random basis (questionnaire 10 was specifically submitted to 15 selected sources).

In 1951 W. Jungandreas published the first delivery of the Lower Saxony Dictionary , which reappeared two years later with a modified foreword. From 1951 to 1954 Hans Neumann (1903–1990) was the head of the workplace.

Heinrich Wesche (1904–1978) was appointed to the chair for Low German Language and Literature created in 1954 at the German Department of the University of Göttingen , who also took over the management of the Lower Saxony Dictionary.

After retirement H. Wesches in 1972 an organizational restructuring was undertaken. As of this year, the Lower Saxon Dictionary is no longer part of the Department for Low German Language and Literature of the German Department of the University, but is part of the Institute for Historical Research. After H. Wesches retired, a scientific advisory board chaired by Jan Goossens (Münster) was in charge of the office until 1982, and it was responsible for the specialist research.

In 1982 Dieter Stellmacher , who was appointed to the chair for Low German Language and Literature in 1976 (and since then also has been a member of the advisory board with direct academic responsibility), took over the management of the Lower Saxony Dictionary.

Other collaborators in the Lower Saxony dictionary were and are Hans Janßen (1935–1945), Peter Seidensticker (1955–1957), Gisbert Keseling (1957–1969), Wolfgang Kramer (1963–1998), Ulrich Scheuermann (1969–2002), Peter Wagener (1986–1990), Maik Lehmberg (from 1999), Martin Schröder (from 2003) and Eckhard Eggers (from 2007).

Publication status

  • Start of publication 1953
  • Volume 1 (A - bersen) 1965
  • Volume 2 (Bertsche - Buzpott) 1985
  • Volume 3 (C-E) 1993
  • Volume 4 (F) 1994
  • Volume 5 (G - Haubön) 1997
  • Volume 6 (Haubön - J) 2003
  • Volume 7 (Ka - küzen), 2011
  • Volume 8 (Lab - Myrtle Wreath), 2011
  • Volume 9 (na - quutschig), 2017
  • Volume 10 (r -), 2013 ff.
  • Volume 11 (Slabāke -), 2015 ff.

literature

  • U. Scheuermann: Linguistic data processing and dialect dictionary, illustrated using the example of the Lower Saxony dictionary. Wiesbaden 1974 (ZDL supplement 11).
  • U. Scheuermann: Lower Saxony dictionary. In: Dialect Lexicography. Edited by H. Friebertshausen. Wiesbaden 1976 (ZDL supplements 17), pp. 194-210.
  • U. Scheuermann: The Lower Saxony Dictionary. In: Rotenburger Schriften 53 (1980), pp. 33-65.
  • U. Scheuermann: Note or EDP? Problems with preparing material for a dialect dictionary. In: Lexicography of Dialects. Edited by H. Friebertshäuser, Tübingen 1986, pp. 103-114.
  • U. Scheuermann: From Z to A or: How our dictionary is created. In: ZDL 55 (1988), pp. 26-48.
  • U. Scheuermann: On the history of the Lower Saxony dictionary. In: Lower Saxony dictionary. Reports and communications from the workplace. Göttingen 1990, pp. 7-32.
  • D. Stellmacher: Lower Saxony dictionary. History and problems. In: Heimatland 4 (1992), pp. 102-106.
  • D. Stellmacher: The Lower Saxony Dictionary. A review and an outlook. In: Georgia Augusta 59 (1993), pp. 23-26.
  • D. Stellmacher: From the archive of the Lower Saxony dictionary to the Lower Saxony dialect archive. In: Lower Saxony dictionary. Reports and communications from the workplace. Göttingen 1994, pp. 56-63.
  • G. Appenzeller / U. Launert: From "Snippels", collecting and sorting work. Known and unknown from the history of the Lower Saxony dictionary. In: The Lower Saxony Dictionary in the Oldenburger Münsterland. Reports and communications from the workplace. Edited by D. Wheelwright. Göttingen 2006, pp. 37-60.
  • G. Appenzeller: The Lower Saxony Dictionary. A chapter from the history of large-scale landscape lexicography. Stuttgart 2011 (ZDL supplement 142).

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