Teuthonista (phonetic transcription)

Teuthonista is the name for a phonetic transcription that is widely used in German dialectology . Closely related is the Bohemian-Ascoli system , which is particularly used in Romance dialectology .

origin

The name Teuthonista goes back to the magazine Teuthonista , through which the font became known in 1924/25. However, the foundations were created in the 19th century. Drafts for a phonetic transcription especially for dialectology were submitted , for example, by Johann Andreas Schmeller , Oskar Brenner or Otto Bremer . Subsequently, the dialect researcher Philipp Lenz developed a transcription system, which was presented in 1900 in the magazine for high German dialects and in 1924/25 in a slightly modified form by Hermann Teuchert in the dialectological magazine Teuthonista under the title "Lautschrift des Teuthonista" was presented.

At the same time, the founder of Italian dialectology, Graziadio Isaia Ascoli , presented a diacritical transcription system in 1873, which he based on the phonetic transcription designed by the Egyptologist Karl Richard Lepsius in 1855 . This basis was further developed by Eduard Böhmer , so that today we speak of the Böhmer-Ascoli system . Among other things, the Swiss Romance scholars Karl Jaberg and Jakob Jud used this transcription as a basis when compiling the Language and Factual Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland (published from 1928) and the Germanists Rudolf Hotzenköcherle and Heinrich Baumgartner in the Language Atlas of German-speaking Switzerland (published from 1962) .

The systems of Teuthonista and Böhmer-Ascoli are very similar to each other. Both use the Latin alphabet as a basis and express the individual sound variants with diacritics . Today the different subspecies have practically collapsed. In fact, the Teuthonista can thus be traced back to a Romance as well as a German line.

functionality

The font is mainly based on Latin letters. The various gradations of the sounds are expressed by means of diacritics . Due to the large number of these diacritics, the script allows some flexibility in transcribing. Teuthonista and Böhmer-Ascoli were widely used in German, French and Italian dialectology and are still used today for the transcription and documentation of the respective dialects.

Vowels

In the area of vowels , the Teuthonista follows a rather diacritical strategy. Most of the basic characters come from the Latin alphabet and are modified with diacritics above or below the basic character. Hooks under a basic symbol symbolize an open articulation, points a closed articulation. Many Teuthonista versions can also indicate centralizations by means of strokes in front of the basic symbol. Quantities are marked by lines, arches or roofs above the sign. There are also diacritics for nasalization , round lips and main and secondary accents, which can also be combined.

Consonants

When it comes to consonants, the Teuthonista is more of a monotype. That is, there is one character (many from the Latin alphabet) for a sound. However, these basic signs - as well as the vowels - can be modified by diacritics. For example, a squiggle stands under a consonant if it is a syllable carrier .

use

Teuthonista is used today by the following projects, among others:

Dictionaries

Teuthonista and its variants are used in almost all large-scale dictionaries of the German language, including:

• Baden dictionary
• Bavarian dictionary
• Dicziunari Rumantsch Grischun
• Rhenish dictionary
• Schleswig-Holstein dictionary
• Swabian dictionary
• Transylvanian-Saxon dictionary
• Sudeten German Dictionary
• Dictionary of Bavarian dialects in Austria

The Swiss Idioticon is a major exception . Its publication began in 1881 and therefore uses older phonetic transcriptions.

Language atlases

• Atlas of historical German dialects in the territory of the Czech Republic
• Atlas linguistique de l'Alsace
• Atlas linguistich dl ladin dolomitich y di dialec vejins
• Bavarian language atlas with the sub-projects
  • Language Atlas of Bavarian Swabia
  • Linguistic Atlas of Middle Franconia
  • Linguistic Atlas of Lower Franconia
  • Language Atlas of Lower Bavaria
  • Linguistic Atlas of Northeast Bavaria
  • Linguistic Atlas of Upper Bavaria
• Linguistic Atlas of German-speaking Switzerland
• Linguistic Atlas of Upper Austria
• Linguistic and factual atlas of Italy and southern Switzerland
• Southwest German Language Atlas
• Vorarlberg Language Atlas

Place grammars

Teuthonista is also used in most of the local grammars, usually developed as a dissertation , including those in the series Contributions to Swiss German Grammar .

literature

• Hermann Teuchert : phonetic transcription of the Teuthonista. In: Teuthonista 1 (1924/25), 5.
• Peter Wiesinger : The phonetic transcription system of the magazine "Teuthonista". A study of its origins and applicability in German dialectology with an overview of the history of phonetic transcription in German until 1924. In: Zeitschrift für Mundartforschung 31 (1964), 1-20.

Web links

• Dinamlex - resources for the project database of Bavarian dialects in Austria electronically mapped
• Manual for the character set SMFTeuthonista ( Memento from July 24, 2004 in the Internet Archive ) ( PDF ; 122 kB) by Sibylle Reichel , Erlangen 2003

Individual evidence

1. ^ Teuthonista Goes Unicode (TGU): The phonetic spelling Teuthonista. (No longer available online.) Institute for Corpus Linguistics and Text Technology (ICLTT) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, March 23, 2009, formerly in the original ; Retrieved June 8, 2014 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.