Linguistic Atlas of Middle Franconia

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The language atlas of Middle Franconia ( SMF for short ) documents the geographical distribution of the dialects of the Middle Franconia administrative district . It was founded in 1989 as a sub-project of the Bavarian Language Atlas at the University of Erlangen .

methodology

Methodically, the Bavarian Language Atlas follows the tradition of the "second generation" language atlases such as B. the language atlas of German-speaking Switzerland or the language atlas of Bavarian Swabia .

preparation

In the years 1989–1991 the prerequisites for surveys in the Central Franconia administrative region were created. A questionnaire was drawn up and a local network grid was created, which provided for a location for questioning about every 7 km.

Elevation

In the years 1991–1998, surveys were carried out in 167 small towns, which covered a large area of ​​rural life and were partly recorded on tape. In addition, 40 surveys on the vocabulary of hop farmers were carried out during this period. In addition, 166 surveys were carried out in the city of Nuremberg with members of various social groups, and 97 surveys on special Yiddish vocabulary.

Question book

The question book used includes 2808 individual questions, through which the phonology and morphology of the dialects, syntax and lexicons can be ascertained. The individual questions are sorted according to non-linguistic subject areas, e.g. B. Cattle and their care , agriculture , grain , forest and wood .

transcription

The SMF uses the Teuthonista transcription system . It is based on the phonetic transcription presented by Teuchert in 1924 in the journal "Teuthonista - Journal for German Dialect Research and Language History" and later modified in the Linguistic Atlas of German-speaking Switzerland , which is characterized by the use of basic characters that largely correspond to the Latin alphabet. These basic characters are identified more precisely by means of diacritics with regard to their place of articulation and their type of articulation.

publication

  • Volume 1 (2003): Introduction. By Alfred Klepsch with the assistance of Sibylle Reichel, Steffen Arzberger, Thurid Heyse, Alexander Mang, Horst Haider Munske, Karin Rädle, Stefanie Rigoll, Gerhard Rost, Claudia Rudisch and Cosima Schlichte
  • Volume 2 (2004): Middle High German long vowels and diphthongs. By Steffen Arzberger, Alfred Klepsch, Alexander Mang, Karin Rädle, Sibylle Reichel, Stefanie Rigoll, Gerhard Rost and Claudia Rudisch
  • Volume 3 (2014): Middle High German Short Vowels. From Karin Rädle.
  • Volume 4 (2007): Middle High German Consonants. By Michaela Grüner and Claudia Rudisch.
  • Volume 5 (2005): Vocabulary. By Steffen Arzberger and Stefanie Rigoll.
  • Volume 6 (2004): Language Region Nuremberg. By Alexander Mang.
  • Volume 7 (2007): Morphology and Syntax. By Thurid Heyse, Alfred Klepsch and Sibylle Reichel.
  • Volume 8 (2010): Vocabulary II. By Markus Wollin.

Side projects

hop

In Central Franconia, hops are the most widespread and most intensively practiced specialty culture. There are three growing areas, each the size of a district: The Hersbrucker, the Spalter and the Aischgründer area. The latter was given up in the 1930s, but people are still alive who remember the work in the hop gardens around Neustadt. A catalog of 200 questions on the naming of plant parts, on methods of cultivation, harvesting and preservation of hops was created in 1990 after trial surveys and queried in 15 locations in the Hersbrucker , 10 locations in the Aischgründer area and 11 locations in the Spalter cultivation area. Using the same method, surveys were carried out in the SOB and SNIB sub-projects in the Hallertau cultivation area and by employees of the SMF in the Saaz cultivation area in Bohemia .

Yiddish

A variety of West Yiddish , the so-called Lachoudian, has been spoken in Schopfloch for at least 200 years .

In 1994, an explorer of the SMF, Alfred Klepsch, compiled a catalog of 500 questions on the vocabulary of Lachoudisch based on a Lachoudian dictionary and sample surveys. This was queried eight times in Schopfloch. A total of 12 informants of all age groups took part in these meetings, including a member of the former Jewish community of Schopfloch.

Lachoudi is very similar to the cattle traders' secret language, which is also based on Yiddish. With the Lachoudisch questionnaire, four surveys on the language of cattle dealers were therefore carried out.

In other places too, some Hebraisms have become part of the dialects. At a greater distance from Schopfloch, however, only a significantly smaller number of Hebraisms were known, so that it was not possible to query the entire catalog. A list shortened to 100 questions could, however, be used throughout Central Franconia.

From 1996 to 1999 50 recordings were made in the flat countryside and another 15 in the Nuremberg metropolitan area.

This directly collected data material and the evaluation of written sources for Yiddish Middle Franconia were published as a dictionary. It also takes into account the word lists of the Schillingsfürster Jenisch collected by Knaus and Fuchs .

Nuremberg

This side project of the SMF was developed in close coordination with the language region Munich project. Both take into account the special situation in the large metropolitan areas of Bavaria.

The area of ​​the Nuremberg metropolitan area was divided into three zones: the urban core of Nuremberg, the urban suburbs and the rural surroundings. The two outer zones were divided into four segments in the north, east, south and west of the metropolis. In the resulting nine areas, informers from three age groups and three social groups (white-collar workers, workers and farmers) were interviewed, one man and one woman from each of these groups. In the core zone there were two women and two men from each group. Informers from the peasant class could only be called in in the two outer zones. In the urban suburbs there were only a few elderly people who used to work in agriculture. There are no more farms in this area today. A total of 146 informants were interviewed for the Nuremberg city region project. A short questionnaire with 250 questions was used, mainly on the vowel of the syllable syllable.

Dictionary of Middle Franconia

As part of the coding of the collected data, a dictionary of Middle Franconia with around 4000 headwords was compiled, which appeared in 1999.

literature

  • Dictionary of Middle Franconia. An inventory from the surveys of the language atlas of Middle Franconia. Compiled by Gunther Schunk, Alfred Klepsch, Horst Haider Munske , Karin Rädle and Sibylle Reichel. 2. through Edition Würzburg 2001, ISBN 3-8260-1865-6 .
  • Alfred Klepsch: West Yiddish Dictionary. On the basis of dialectological surveys in Middle Franconia. 2 volumes. Niemeyer, Tübingen 2004
  • Karl Philipp: "Lachoudisch" Schopfloch's secret language . Verlag CW Wenng, Dinkelsbühl, 3rd edition 1983

Web links