Linguistic Atlas

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The language atlas or dialect atlas is a collection of language maps of an area on which the distribution of variants of sounds , words or designations ( onomasiological maps), word groups, word forms and sentence constructions are shown. It provides information about the distribution of dialects and the pronunciation of words in different dialects of a language or a group of languages. The language or dialect boundaries and regional peculiarities are also shown.

Boundaries at which the expression of an examined feature ( linguistic variable ) changes - for example the pronunciation of a consonant or vowel or the use of a word - are marked by a line, an isogloss . Places where many isoglosses coincide (isogloss bundles) mark dialect or language boundaries.

History of science

The first language atlases were made by Georg Wenker in 1881 ( Language Atlas of Northern and Central Germany. Delivery 1. Strasbourg / London), Jules Gilliéron ( Atlas Linguistique de la France (ALF), published 1902–1910), by Georg Wenker and Ferdinand Wrede ( German Linguistic Atlas, published 1926–1956) and by Karl Jaberg and Jakob Jud ( Linguistic and factual atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland , published 1928–1940). Hans Kurath wrote the first linguistic atlas of the English language (for the north-east of the USA). The largest linguistic atlas project in terms of language is the Eurolinguistic Atlas Linguarum Europae (ALE) . More recently, the Internet has also been used to collect data, for example the Atlas on Everyday German Language (AdA), which was started at the University of Augsburg and is now being continued by the Université de Liège and the University of Salzburg .

The following points must be observed when producing such atlases.

  • You need an exact phonetic transcription in order to be able to reproduce the individual sounds exactly. In the German dialectology of the 20th century, a phonetic transcription is mostly used, which is based on the system published in the magazine Teuthonista in 1924 under the same name . In particular, if questionnaires are used for the information, the informants use a modified standard spelling.
  • You need a selection of suitable people for the recording of dialects.
  • You need suitable questions and suitable word lists and sentence lists. However, such a list is not always suitable, as it often suggests answers based on high German specifications that are not usual in this form in dialect. An interview is also an exceptional situation for the interviewee, in which he tends to speak either too high-level or too far from high-level language.

Language atlases in the German and Yiddish language areas

See also

literature

  • Hermann Niebaum, Jürgen Macha: Introduction to the dialectology of German. Niemeyer, Tübingen 1999. ISBN 3-484-25137-9 (p. 32ff. On German language atlases)

Web links

Wiktionary: Linguistic Atlas  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Gilliéron, Jules: Atlas linguistique de la France (University and State Library of Tyrol). Retrieved September 19, 2015 (1902-1910).
  2. ↑ Interactive version NavigAIS-web
  3. ^ Atlas on German Everyday Language (AdA). Retrieved February 6, 2010 .
  4. ↑ Teuthonista. Magazine for German dialect research a. Language history. Niemeyer, Halle / S. 1.1924 / 25-10.1934.
  5. ↑ Homepage
  6. ^ Linguistic Atlas for North Baden-Württemberg
  7. ↑ spiegel.de: report