Bode
The Bode is a 169 km long, western and left tributary of the Saale in Saxony-Anhalt . It springs from two source rivers in the resin flows in the district of Harz , Börde , Salzlandkreis and flows Nienburg .
geography
course
Headwaters and rivers
The two source rivers of the Bode, Kalte and Warme Bode , arise in the Harz district in the Hochharz . They drain an area south of the Brocken ( 1141.2 m above sea level ), the highest Harz mountain:
- The shorter, left-hand Kalte Bode (17 km long) rises in the Harz / Saxony-Anhalt Nature Park (a few meters east of the border with the Harz National Park ) southwest below the Königsberg ( 1033.5 m ) on the Brockenfeld at the Bodesprung at 860 m altitude. It flows through Schierke and Elend as well as through the Almond Wood Dam (just under 460 m ) to Königshütte .
- The longer, right-hand Warme Bode (23 km long) has its headwaters within the Harz National Park in the Bodebruch, which belongs to the Brockenfeld. It arises from the source streams Große Bode (left), which also rises on the Brockenfeld, and Kleine Bode (right), whose source lies on the eastern slope of the Achtermannshöhe ( 925 m ). Both unite to the northwest above the core town of Braunlage at about 630 m to the Warmen Bode , which shortly afterwards crosses from the national park to the nature park. Below Braunlage it flows through Sorge and Tanne to Königshütte.
The Cold Bode combined with the approximately 2 ° C warmer warm Bode at the southern edge of Konigshiitte immediately before the storage root of the dam Konigshiitte ( 423.25 m ) at 423.6 m height to the Bode.
Upper course
The Bode forms the largest valley system within the Harz and runs in a winding valley eastwards through the undulating plateaus of the Lower Harz. It initially flows through the Königshütte dam and then passes Susenburg and Hahnenkopf , which belong to the Rübeland , which then flows through . This also applies to the villages of Kreuztal and Neuwerk through which the river subsequently flows . Thereafter, the Bode flows through immediately below the Rappbode reservoir ( 423.6 m ) lying Wendefurth ( 351.9 m ). When crossing under the federal highway 81 it runs through Wendefurth and then through Altenbrak to Treseburg , where the Luppbode joins on the right.
In the last 10 km within the mountains between the Bode Treseburg and winds valley northeast through a narrow valley, the actual Bodetal whose unterster portion is the deepest except alpine canyon Germany. This section of the valley is designated as the Bodetal nature reserve. The Bode underpass between the western Roßtrappenberg ( 438.7 m ) with the Roßtrappe and eastern Hexentanzplatz ( 457.7 m ), the Jungfernbrücke (about 200 m ). Shortly afterwards she leaves the Harz near Thale.
Middle course
From then on, the Bode flows through the Harz foreland in a partly curved, partly dammed and straightened course . It passes, running northeast, Neinstedt , where it cuts through the Teufelsmauer at a height of about 135 m , and Weddersleben and flows through Quedlinburg , where it leaves the Harz / Saxony-Anhalt Nature Park. After passing Ditfurt and Wedderstedt , the Selke joins near Hedersleben on the right at a height of 98.7 m . The Bode then flows northwest, passing Rodersdorf , Wegeleben and Adersleben . From now on, facing north, it passes Deesdorf , after which it passes into the district of Börde, Gröningen with its district of Gröningen Monastery and shortly afterwards takes up the Holtemme on the left . The river then runs through Krottorf and passes Hordorf .
Lower course
Then shortly after a point 79.7 m above sea level and immediately before Oschersleben, the Bode bends to east-southeast and near Andersleben takes up the lower reaches of the Großer Graben - the Lehnertsgraben . Then it passes Hadmersleben , Klein Oschersleben and Groß Germersleben . From now on, the Bode in the Salzlandkreis flows south-eastwards past Etgersleben , Egeln , Wolmirsleben , Unseburg , Athensleben , Löderburg and Hecklingen to Staßfurt . Then it runs eastwards past Hohenerxleben and Löbnitz , then through Neugattersleben and past Strenzfeld and Altenburg .
muzzle
Finally, the Bode flows around Nienburg in the south and east, and then flows directly to the east of the village and shortly after crossing under the district road 73 (in the Nienburg– Waldfrieden section ) at a height of 56 m in the Saale, a tributary of the Elbe , which flows from the south .
See also: History section
Catchment area and tributaries
The catchment area of the Bode is about 3000 km². Important tributaries within the Harz are the Rappbode and Luppbode . The Rappbode is dammed at Wendefurth by the Rappbode dam . At the northern end of this dam, the Rappbode joins the Bode, which is dammed here in the Wendefurth dam. Further tributaries are the Goldbach , the Holtemme and, as the largest, the Selke .
| Left tributaries | Right tributaries |
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| Muzzle locations in brackets | |
water falls
The natural waterfalls in the Harz are not high. In the Upper Bodefall, the Große Bode falls over small steps of about 1 m in height, and a little below this, the Warme Bode flows, after the confluence of the Großer Bode and Kleiner Bode to the Warm Bode, over the approximately equally high drop of the Lower Bodefall. The Bodekessel in the Bodetal is a former step in a grandiose gorge, which was lowered from a height of 2 m to 1 m by blasting in 1798. The fourth waterfall is in the Kästental.
gallery
The Große Bode (source stream of the Warmen Bode) above Braunlage
Confluence of the Warm (left) and the Kalten Bode (right) at Königshütte
The Bodetal from the Treseburg entrance to the Bodetal nature reserve
Hydrological aspects
The devastating floods of the Bode have been recorded for the years 1539, 1667, 1730, 1740, 1772 and especially from Christmas 1925. Only with the completion of the Rappbodetalsperre in 1959 could the danger of flooding be averted. The amount of water in the Bode can vary greatly: during the New Year's Eve floods of 1925, a discharge of 350 m³ / s was determined, with the Jungfernbrücke being destroyed. In the following summer of 1926 it was only 0.35 m³ / s. Another devastating flood occurred after heavy rainfall in April 1994. Large areas along the Bodelauf were under water, despite the large system of dams.
Water quality
General evaluation
The monitoring of water quality and water development within the framework of the European Water Framework Directive is the responsibility of the State Office for Flood Protection and Water Management Saxony-Anhalt, which last published a water report with tables and maps as well as data sheets on surface water bodies in 2013.
For the assessment, the Bode is divided into eight surface water bodies (SAL17OW01 to 06 and SAL19OW01 and 02). In spite of the predominantly natural structure in the upper reaches, the ecological condition of the river up to Staßfurt is predominantly rated as “moderate” to “unsatisfactory” and below Staßfurt as “bad”. The chemical status is consistently indicated in the data sheets of the water bodies as "not good".
Ecotoxic aspects
The discharge of production wastewater from the Staßfurt soda plant can lead to fish deaths in the Bode. After a power outage at the soda plant in November 2018, police investigations began. The public prosecutor's office is also investigating after a fish death in August 2019. Since "the lower Bode is characterized by numerous dams and the industrial waste water discharge Sodawerk Stassfurt", the poor water quality is to be improved with a new management plan (2022–2027). Historically, the project to improve the water quality near Stassfurt can be traced back to the year 1875.
Bode dams
See also: Dams in the Harz Mountains
The largest reservoir system in the Harz is located in the catchment area (approx. 3000 km²) of the Bode. The sub-catchment areas are 309.20 km² for the Wendefurth dam, 269.00 km² for the Rappbodevorsperre and the Rappbodetalsperre and 154.2 km² for the Königshütte dam. The almond wood dam dams the water of the Kalten Bode.
History and culture
History
It is very likely that the pre-glacial Bode flowed northwards from Thale and entered the Halberstädter Plain area via Westerhausen and today's dry valley southeast of Langenstein . Due to the arrival of ice on the northern edge of the Harz, the Bode near Thale was diverted to the east in the direction of the current course of the river.
In the early Middle Ages, the Bode formed the border river between the Harzgau in the west and the Schwabengau in the east. The two most important Bode crossings during this time were the places Ditfurt and Gröningen mentioned several times in the Fulzeit annals .
Origin of name
The name has been handed down in many forms since it was first documented as Buda (775). In addition to the current form of the name Bode , there was mainly the form Bada , both with the accusative ending -am . Since 1334 only the name Bode has been used . The name is derived from the Gothic buildhs , buildha (silent). The phonetic change from Ginger o and a in the old documents goes back to an old Frisian au .
Tell about the origin of the name
According to tradition, the name is derived from the following legend: Coming from Thuringia, the giant Bodo once pursued the beautiful king's daughter Brunhilde, whom he wanted to marry against her will. Brunhilde escaped on a white steed, but suddenly a deep abyss opened up in front of her. With a bold jump she crossed over to the rock on the other side, but the pursuer fell into the depths. The horse's hoof print can still be seen today on the so-called Roßtrappe . The giant Bodo has been turned into a dog. During the jump the princess lost her golden crown, which is guarded by the dog Bodo at the bottom of the river. The river was named Bode after the enchanted giant Bodo.
Literary reception
The Bode valley and its localities are the main setting for Theodor Fontane's novel Cécile .
"The gloomy beauty, the Bode, did not receive me so graciously, and when I first saw her in the forge-dark Rübeland, she seemed grumpy and covered herself in a silver-gray rain veil: but with quick love she threw it off when I got up the bustard reached me, her face shone towards me in sunniest splendor, a colossal tenderness breathed from every face, and from the conquered rock face it emerged like sighs of longing and melting sounds of melancholy. "
Web links
- The Bode. Archived from the original on May 24, 2003 ; accessed on May 28, 2016 .
- Water report on surface water 2005–2008 Bode_sum_web.pdf. State Office for Flood Protection and Water Management (LHW) Saxony-Anhalt, State Hydrological Service, 2017, accessed on September 14, 2019 .
literature
- Monika Schönau / Edmund Werner: The Bode: a river leads to high water! Saxony-Anhalt, State Office for Environmental Protection Magdeburg, Magdeburg 2000.
- . In: Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Volume 4, Leipzig 1733, column 323.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ↑ a b Bode river basin study ( memento from January 6, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ), Leichtweiß Institute (Department of Hydrology, Water Management and Water Protection), Braunschweig, retrieved on December 14, 2010, from lwi.tu-bs.de
- ↑ Level: Stassfurt ( Memento from September 21, 2011 in the Internet Archive ), on hochwasservorichtung.sachsen-anhalt.de
- ↑ Die Warme Bode , on harzlife.de
- ↑ Magistrate of the City of Quedlinburg (Ed.): The Bode flood New Year's Eve 1925 in Quedlinburg: Festschrift for the inauguration of the station bridge on November 27, 1926 . 1926.
- ↑ OWK data sheets. (PDF) State Office for Flood Protection and Water Management Saxony-Anhalt, pp. 509-518 , accessed on February 27, 2018 .
- ↑ Report on the nature of rivers and lakes in Saxony-Anhalt 2009-2013. (PDF) State Office for Flood Protection and Water Management Saxony-Anhalt, p. 95 , accessed on February 27, 2018 .
- ^ Franziska Richter: Staßfurt: 200 kilograms of carcasses. In: volksstimme.de . August 12, 2019, accessed August 12, 2019 .
- ^ After an accident: Chemicals in der Bode , in: mdr Sachsen-Anhalt from November 15, 2018.
- ^ Investigations into dead fish in the Bode , in: mdr Sachsen-Anhalt from August 10, 2019.
- ↑ Dead fish and a pungent smell in the Bode in Staßfurt , in: Süddeutsche Zeitung of August 8, 2019.
- ↑ Gerd Villwock, Haik Thomas Porada, The Lower Saale Valley: A regional history inventory between Halle and Bernburg , Cologne, Weimar, Vienna: Böhlau Verlag 2016, p. 117. ISBN 978-3-412-22298-7 .
- ↑ Falk Rockmann, Potential Ecology: Bad , in: Volksstimme.de of February 8, 2019.
- ↑ Th. Pusch, by-products and waste of the potash industry in Stassfurt , in: Archiv der Pharmazie 210 (1877), issue 4 (7/4), pp. 302-320, here pp. 315 f.
- ↑ Frank Michael Schmidt-Döhl: The emergence of the dry valley southeast of Langenstein and the pre-glacial course of the Bode in the northern Harz foreland , vol. 38, 2016, pp. 29-40. In: Hallesches Jahrbuch für Geoswissenschaften . University of Halle-Wittenberg, accessed on June 26, 2016 . (uni-halle.de)
- ↑ Elfriede Ulbricht: The river basin of the Thuringian Saale . 1st edition. Max Niemeyer, Halle (Saale) 1957. (The other names were Bode (936), Bodam (964), Bode (965), Nuda (965), Badam (968), Boda (979), Bode (983), Bodam (983), Badam (994), Bodam (between 1012 and 1023), Bode (1134), Botam (between 1159 and 1162), Bodam (1205).)