Fir (resin)
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fir
City of Oberharz am Brocken
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| Height : | 473 m |
| Area : | 27.8 km² |
| Residents : | 473 (Dec. 31, 2019) |
| Population density : | 17 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | January 1, 2010 |
| Postal code : | 38875 |
| Area code : | 039457 |
  Location of Tanne in Oberharz am Brocken
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 View of fir from the Kapitelsberg (2012)
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Tanne im Harz is a district of the town of Oberharz am Brocken and a state-approved resort in the Harz district in Saxony-Anhalt .
Geographical location
Fir is located in the Harz / Saxony-Anhalt Nature Park in the Warmen Bode valley in the Middle Harz . The federal road 242 runs through the village , from which the country roads branch off to Benneckenstein in a southerly direction and to Königshütte in an easterly direction. The Lange extends south of the village .
geology
Ancient rocks shape the area around fir. The so-called Tanner Zone was named after Tanne. It consists mainly of Tanner greywacke and slate. Relocation sediments of older rocks are emerging to the north and south of the Tanner Zone. So are in these areas u. a. Clay slate of the Middle Devonian , diabase and quartzitic rocks of the Lower Devonian as well as Upper Middle Devonian colored and fire slate . The Elbingeröder complex is still of particular economic importance today because of its Upper Devonian and Middle Devonian limestone. South of the Tanner Zone is the Harzgeröder Zone , which is characterized by Silurian rocks and quartzites.
history
In the area of today's Tanne, iron and copper smelting can be traced back to the early 13th century. The oldest hut was the Kupferhütte am Silberkulk not far from the Thuringian Way leading over the Harz Mountains and the Thuringian ford on the Warmen Bode . It was first mentioned in a document in 1226 as am silverkolch . This hut appears again in the list of properties of the County of Regenstein in 1262, this time as casam, que in vulgari appelatur sylverkolch (hut, which the vernacular calls Silberkulk). In 1504 this hut was converted into a sawmill; a short time later it burned down.
The actual Tanner Hütte , first mentioned in 1355, was one of the oldest ironworks in the Harz Mountains. It is documented that on November 8th 1355 the Counts Bernhard d. Ä. and Bernhard d. J. von Regenstein stated to be willing to deposit half of the hunting and forestry justice on the Harz, de Langelge and de hutten unde great tor Dannen (= "the hut and the customs to the fir") for a sum of 200 Brandenburger Mark from Bishop Albrecht II of Halberstadt (1325 to 1358) to take over for 20 years. This is the first documented mention of today's Tanne. By comparison with the rain Steinern the Langelge, the cottage and the customs to fir arrived on June 13, 1427 in exchange for at Anhalt pledged regensteinische Castle Neinstedt regain possession of the Bishop of Halberstadt. The treaty of 1427 was changed some time later so that Tanne came completely into the possession of the Dukes of Braunschweig-Lüneburg and the Halberstadt bishop received financial and territorial compensation. In 1494, Count Ulrich II. Von Regenstein was enfeoffed by the Duke of Braunschweig with the hut and the customs to Tanne as well as the right to wood on the Lange. In 1515 the feudal contract was renewed by the Regenstein counts. The hut remained in the possession of the Counts of Blankenburg and Regenstein until 1599. When the Regenstein family died out in 1599, the fiefdom fell back to their liege lord, the Duke of Braunschweig . During the times of the Principality of Blankenburg , the process of the 4 major factors took place, during which the chief factor and hut leaseholder Christian Walther (1680–1728) died.
Tanne was in the state of Braunschweig until 1945 and belonged to the district of Blankenburg . In 1950 the place was assigned to the district of Wernigerode and has been in the newly created district of Harz since July 1, 2007 , which emerged from the merger of the districts of Wernigerode, Quedlinburg and Halberstadt in Saxony-Anhalt .
In 1965/66 the Tanner Hütte ceased operations and the production of the ironworks was relocated to Königshütte .
On January 1, 2010, the community of Tanne merged with the communities Sorge , Stiege and Elend as well as the cities of Elbingerode (Harz) , Hasselfelde and Benneckenstein (Harz) to form the city of Oberharz am Brocken.
View of fir from a vantage point on the Kapitelsberg (1904)
Tanner Hut and Gasthaus Lenck around 1900
Fir around 1900
politics
mayor
- Mayor of the former municipality of Tanne from 1900
- until 1922 Heinrich Schmidt
- 1922–1923 Karl Buchholz
- 1923–1925 August Kohlrusch
- 1925–1930 Rudolf Wagenschwanz
- 1930–1933 Wilhelm Schubert
- 1933–1934 Oswald Schubert
- 1934–1942 Armin Bieber
- 1942–1945 Fritz Schmalz
- April - June 1945 Hermann Greese
- 1945–1952 Karl Herfurth
- 1952–1954 Sigrid Zottmann
- 1954–1956 Ilse Ziesenhenne
- 1956–1990 Friedrich Simon
- 1990–1994 André Großheim
- 1994–1995 Gunter Bahlmann
- 1995–2010 Frank Damsch (last mayor of the municipality of Tanne)
- Local Mayor of Tanne
- 2010–2011 Frank Damsch
- 2011–2019 Holger Gropp
- since 2019 Christian Resow
coat of arms
Blazon : "In silver on a green three-mountain three green fir trees."
The coat of arms refers to the place name and the ancient spruce trees that once stood in the vicinity of the place. It was designed in 1996 by the municipal heraldist Jörg Mantzsch .
traffic
Tanne used to be touched by three railway lines and thus had the best possible rail connections. The Harz cogwheel railway Blankenburg (Harz) –Tanne , which opened on October 15, 1886, ended at Tanne station . The route was part of the railway network of the Halberstadt-Blankenburg Railway . There was passenger traffic until 1965, freight traffic ended on January 1, 1969, and the tracks were dismantled by 1974.
On August 23, 1899, Tanne was finally connected to the Walkenried – Braunlage / Tanne narrow-gauge railway . The operation on the branch line Brunnenbachsmühle – Tanne was interrupted after 1945 by the zone border. The residual goods traffic between Sorge and Tanner Hütte continued until 1958, after which the tracks were dismantled. Only 2 km from Tanne, at the Sorge station, the Südharzbahn met the Harzquerbahn of the Nordhausen-Wernigeroder Railway Company . As a result, there were good connections to Braunlage, Walkenried, Nordhausen and Wernigerode.
The community of Tanne has been a partner in the Harzer Schmalspurbahnen GmbH since 1993 , the narrow-gauge railway runs over the area of the village of Tanne (at the former Sorge station). The place itself does not have a train station. But buses of the Harz transport company stop in the town center .
Postal services
Origin of name
Various possibilities have been considered to explain the place name fir. One possibility is that the name Tanne is derived from the Middle High German Tann (= spruce forest). The Harz was covered by mixed deciduous forests throughout the 13th and 14th centuries. There was probably a pronounced spruce forest in the Tanne area earlier, which was considered a special feature at the time. The place can also have been named after a single, striking specimen of a spruce (also known as red fir in the Harz region), near which the hut was built in the 14th century.
Forms of names of fir:
- 1355 tor Dannen
- 1427 to the Danne
- 1494 to the Danne
- 1515 to Thann
- 1553 to Thanne
- 1640 to Danna
- since 1700 fir
tourism
The history of Tanne as a health resort and recreation resort goes back to the time before 1900. After the opening of the Tanne – Blankenburg railway line in 1886, the first summer visitors came to the town and the first overnight accommodations were created. The establishment of the Harz Club branch in 1891 led to the tourist development of the area with signposted hiking trails, benches, shelters and viewpoints.
As early as 1894, Tanne was designated as a summer resort for those in need of relaxation . In 1906 a "Gebirgsquell" water pipeline went into operation and from 1911 electric light was available for the whole place. Both were important prerequisites for the further development of tourism. In 1912 the large Kurhaus (today Hotel Tannenpark) was built, and in 1913 Tanne was awarded the title of climatic health resort . After the First World War , tourism developed decisively and several hotels and guest houses were built. In 1925, under Mayor Rudolf Wagenschwanz, a spa administration was founded and a spa was established. In addition, a tourist tax was levied for the first time. Since 1926 the place has been known as a climatic altitude health resort and winter sports area . With the construction of a modern outdoor swimming pool (built in 1928/29, closed in 1960), a toboggan run (length 1,200 m, used until 1960) and a ski jump (built in 1926, jump distance up to 45 m, in operation until 1940), tourism was further expanded. In 1938 almost 800 guest beds were available, and in the same year 7,500 guests came to the town.
After an interruption due to the war, tourism began again in 1950. From 1952 to 1972 Tanne was in the 5 km restricted area of the inner German border and could only be visited with a pass. During this time, tourism was subject to strict regulations. From 1960/61, a 2-hectare spa park was laid out for the holiday guests of the village . Around 5,000 FDGB holidaymakers were counted annually during this time. 1989 was a record year with 65,000 overnight stays. After reunification, the number of overnight stays fell sharply at first, and since 2002 more than 30,000 overnight stays have been achieved again. Until 1996, the place was allowed to call itself a "high altitude health resort".
Due to a lack of money, the title climatic health resort could not be acquired as part of state recognition. In 2000, Tanne became a state-approved resort , and in the longer term the label `` climatic health resort '' is being sought again. Since 2010, the place has recorded an average of 45,000 overnight stays per year and accommodates over 12,000 guests annually.
Attractions
- Village church (built 1693–98) with pulpit altar and winged altar from the 16th century
- Heimatstube / Heimatmuseum (former bakery from 1720, outside area with water wheels of the former Tanner Hütte)
- Show farm ( Harzer Rotes Höhenvieh )
- Shepherds monument
- Gießerdenkmal (built in 2009 in memory of the Tanner Hütte, made of Thüster limestone)
- Herzoglinde ( planted in 1913 to commemorate the accession to the throne of Duke Ernst August III of Braunschweig )
- Kurpark with fairground and grill hut
- Circular hiking trail (Harzer Höhenvieh path) with display boards, length 7.5 km
- Nature and forest educational trail
- Kapitelsberg ( 535.7 m above sea level ): viewpoint ( 528 m above sea level ) on its western flank; with mountain cross erected by the former mayor Fritz Simon and a cast-iron direction clock (orientation board) set up by the Harz Club
Events
- Tanner ski carnival has been taking place on the ski slope on a weekend in January or February (depending on snow conditions) since 1976.
- Kuhball, the festival with cattle drive, around the Harzer Rote Höhenvieh (cattle breed) is always held on the Sunday before Ascension Day.
- Schützenfest (in June)
- Tanner football tournament (in July)
- Tanner volleyball tournament (in August)
- Torchlight walks (in December and February)
- Tanner Forest Christmas (December 24th), has been taking place in a forest clearing since 1961.
societies
- Fir volunteer fire brigade (1874)
- Sports club "Harzfalke" Tanne e. V. (1924/1990)
- Shooting Society "Freischießen" from 1815 e. V. (1815/1993)
- Tanne parish
- Harzklub -Zweigverein Tanne e. V. (1891/1989)
- Art and culture association "Villa Trute" e. V. (2007)
- Tanner Opelfreunde e. V.
Winter sports
Tanne is one of the “birthplaces” of Harz winter sports. The winter sports tradition in Tanne goes back to the late 19th century. In the 1880s there was an increased wind break in the Ducal Braunschweig forests. At that time the forester Robert Hintze was employed in Tanne. Around 1880, Förster Hintze had a pair of the newly developed "Telemark skis" sent from Norway. The skis should be used for the control of the forest work and for the daily area control. They turned out to be perfect for both tasks. These were among the first skis to appear in the Harz Mountains. In 1887, the father of skiing, Ulrich's chief forester from Braunlage, found these skis in a tanner inn and had them precisely measured. All other models were later made according to the dimensions of these skis. In 1892 the first winter sports club in Germany was founded in Braunlage, thus creating the basis for opening up the mountains for winter sports.
The "Turnverein Jahn" founded in Tanne in 1884 also included "snowshoeing" in its sports program from 1903. In 1924 a "winter sports club" was finally founded in Tanne . As early as 1926, the large "Kapitelsberg ski jump" and a toboggan run went into operation. In 1928 a children's jump was built (jump distance up to 25 m). The spa administration published a winter sports program every year. This program comprised three to four weeks of winter sports from December to February. The highlights included: ski jumping on the large hill for athletes and spa guests, costume tobogganing on the toboggan run, as well as competitions for the challenge cup of the spa administration in cross-country skiing and ice skating.
In 1947 the winter sports club was re-established under the new name Sportgemeinschaft Harzfalken Tanne . For winter sports, the "Friedensschanze" (jump distance up to 80 m, built in 1950 as the largest ski jump in Saxony-Anhalt, demolished in 1964) and the "Harzlandschanze" (jump distance up to 50 m, built in 1956/58, demolished in 1964) were two new ski jumps. During this time, Tanne was referred to in winter sports circles as "Klein Schierke an der Warmen Bode", also because of the numerous winter sports events. In the winter of 1957/58, Tanne organized a large winter sports festival. The competitions took place on February 23, 1958. In addition to different lengths of cross-country skiing, a special jump run was also held. In January 1959, Tanne was the venue for the Nordic Ski Championships in the Magdeburg district. The competitions took place on January 17 and 18, 1959 and included the disciplines: cross-country skiing, Nordic combined and special jumping. There was a serious turning point in winter sports in 1962 with the creation of the firing range for the GDR border troops . The area of the two ski jumps fell into the safety area of the firing range. The jumps were closed and demolished in 1964.
In 1974, work began on creating a ski slope. In 1976, in cooperation with the Army Sports Club Halberstadt, the border troops and the Soviet Army, a 350-meter-long racing toboggan run was built on Jägerborn. Tanne was the official training center for luge in age groups 6 to 13 years of age. The track was completely demolished after 1990.
The former winter sports club was re- established in 1990 under the old name Sportverein Harzfalke Tanne eV . For many years, depending on the snow conditions, over 30 kilometers of cross-country trails have been groomed around Tanne for classic style and skating. In addition to the cross-country trails, there is also a toboggan run.
Personalities
Sons and daughters of the place
- Johann Heinrich Schomburgk (1663–1708), physician and mayor of Querfurt
- Johann Heinrich Conrad Querfurth (1747–1817), businessman, senator and mayor of Annaberg
- Guido Freiherr von Seckendorff (1829–1896), lieutenant, colonist and co-founder of the city of Blumenau in Brazil
- Johann Carl Kristian Rasehorn (1831-1913), glassmaker and glassworks owner in Parikkala in Finland
- Heinrich Steffen (1833–1909), theater actor, director and theater director.
- Ewald Busse (1843–1937), master locksmith, locomotive builder and machine manufacturer
People connected to the place
- Christian Walther (1680-1728), Upper factor and cottage tenants came in process of four main factors to death
- Johann Georg von Langen (1699–1776), master forestry and chief hunter. He worked from 1725 to 1729 and again around 1760 in the Tanne forest district. A section of the nature trail is named after him as "Johann Georg von Langen-Weg".
- William von Seckendorff (1799–1863), Brunswick miner and mineralogist, lived in Tanne from 1825 to 1842.
- Carl Preen (1824–1889), director of the Tanner ironworks. He is considered to be the savior of the ironworks, since a workers' production cooperative was founded under his leadership in 1870/71, which saved the Tanner Hütte from being closed.
- Georg Stölting (1836–1901), school and seminar director in Wolfenbüttel and rector of the Calvörde community school
- Hermann von Frankenberg (1865–1931), local poet and chairman of the Harz Club, set Tanne a literary monument in his poem of the same name. In 1929 a bridge in Tanne was named after him, which still exists today.
- Käthe Papke (1872–1951), author and local poet, let her resin story, published in 1924, be played by the forest assessor von Tanne in Tanne. In this homeland novel, true events from the 19th century are partly processed.
Others
In Tanne, Matthias Keilich's film The Kings of Timber Production, with Bjarne Mädel in the lead role , was released on August 24, 2006 .
The place is one of the eight places in which the tradition of the finch maneuver, which has been recognized as an intangible world cultural heritage since 2014, is still cultivated in the Harz Mountains .
literature
- The architectural and art monuments of the Blankenburg district . Karl Steinacker, Wolfenbüttel 1922.
- Helmut Matthies: Interesting facts about fir / resin . Jever 1990.
- Christian Resow: Tanne - From the history of an old hut . Self-published by the Harzklub branch association Tanne e. V, fir 2011.
Individual evidence
Web links
Localities and districts: City of Benneckenstein (Harz) | City of Elbingerode (Harz) | Misery | City of Hasselfelde (with Rotacker ) | Königshütte (Harz) | Rübeland cave site (with Neuwerk and Susenburg ) | Concern | Stairs | Fir tree | Trautenstein
Other locations: Büchenberg and Eggeröder Brunnen (to the city of Elbingerode) | Almond wood and Wietfeld (on misery) | Lüdershof and Neue Hütte (to Königshütte) | Kaltes Tal and Kreuztal (to Rübeland caves)