Krottorf
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Krottorf
City of Gröningen
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| Height : | 86 m | |
| Residents : | 484 | |
| Incorporation : | January 1, 2001 | |
| Postal code : | 39397 | |
Location of Krottorf in Saxony-Anhalt |
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 Street in Krottorf with a view towards the village church
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The village of Krottorf has been part of the Gröningen administrative community in the Börde district in Saxony-Anhalt since 1993 . Through a change of area, Krottorf was incorporated into the city of Gröningen on January 1, 2001 and is now one of the six districts with its 484 inhabitants (as of June 30, 2008).
geography
Krottorf is located in the middle of the Magdeburg Börde on the Bode between the state capital Magdeburg and the Harz Mountains . Nearby cities are Oschersleben (Bode) and Halberstadt .
history
prehistory
The soil finds in the local area indicate that the Krottorf area was settled very early. So in 1873 the so-called witch stone was excavated close to the church. The flat stone, two meters long and 1.5 m wide, studded with many nails, rested on remains of bones and urn shards. The " Krottorf Gold Bowl " is considered a rare find . The heavily damaged vessel, which probably dates from the end of the Middle Bronze Age (14th century BC), was found in 1909; it is six centimeters high, 13 centimeters in diameter and weighs 68.7 grams.
Early and High Middle Ages
After thirty years of campaigns against the Saxons, Charlemagne first founded a diocese in Seligenstadt (today Osterwieck ) in 804 . In a document dated September 2, 814, his successor, Ludwig the Pious , Bishop Hildegrim von Chalons confirmed the episcopal rights for Halberstadt. Otto I's plans to move the diocese to Magdeburg initially failed; however, Halberstadt later lost the eastern part of its diocese to the Archdiocese of Magdeburg .
With Otto II. A new period began for the diocese of Halberstadt at the end of the 10th century, which culminated at the beginning of the 11th century with the rise of the Halberstätter bishop to prince . For the period at the beginning of the 12th century, nobles von Krottorf are considered vassals of the diocese. A documented donation by Otto von Krottorf (Otto de Cruttorpe) to the Huysburg monastery from 1118 is the oldest written document by Krottorf. In the course of the 13th century, the noblemen from Krottorf seem to have oriented themselves to Magdeburg and sold the estate.
In addition to the Edelhof, Krottorf Castle and Herrenhof formed their own domain. The owners were the Counts of Reveningen, whose ancestral castle was in Röblingen am See . Under the Röblingern the castle became a fortified mansion. 1131 was Otto Graf von Reveningen as the last representative of the family the whole property as original equipment to the by him together with the Archbishop of Magdeburg Norbert of Xanten founded pin convent God's grace at Calbe on the Saale .
After belonging to the Gottesgnaden Monastery for an indefinite period, the Krottorf Castle and Gutsverband came into the possession of the Archdiocese of Magdeburg. Around 1265 the Regenstein-Heimburg counts received the castle and estate as an archiepiscopal Magdeburg fief. The new masters restored and expanded Krottorf Castle, which was badly neglected in the monastic era, and dug additional trenches. The Regensteiner owned two important castles together with Schwanebeck.
Late Middle Ages
On the way to an episcopal territory, the Regensteiners, together with the Anhalt-Bernburg counts, represented a threatening power potential for the bishopric of Magdeburg. In this situation, Albrecht II of Braunschweig-Lüneburg was elected bishop with difficulty in 1324 , and he took on the task of to fight for the sovereignty of the bishop against internal and external enemies. The feud was finally fought in open field battle, in which Krottorf Castle was also destroyed in 1349. After the victorious end of the conflict, an office was set up in Krottorf by the episcopal administration. It was in the hands of a paid bailiff from the knighthood who had his residence at the castle.
The period up to the 15th century was marked by heavy debts of the diocese, robber barons and feuds. In the economically difficult times, as a result of the plague - epidemics , became the basic rule in a long-running crisis and the chain of pledges of pin grades in the 14th century continued unabated. This included "House and Village" Krottorf with the villages of Wulferstedt and Hordorf, i.e. the entire episcopal office of Krottorf, which was pledged in 1381 to the brothers Curd, Busse and Bernd von Asseburg . The Asseburgers remained in the possession of the Krottorf episcopal office for more than 100 years.
The redemption of the Krottorf office in 1489 took place under significantly more favorable economic conditions, and Krottorf was to become “table goods” (for episcopal maintenance). However, ongoing financial difficulties forced a renewed pledge of the Krottorfer office with the three villages in 1497. The episcopal council Siegmund von Brandenstein became the pledge holder. As early as 1512 this garnishment contract was canceled in connection with the expansion of the castle, and in 1514 the first construction phase for the new Renaissance- style castle began under the direction of the cathedral provost Baltharsar von Neuenstadt . The main building was probably completed in 1531; the further expansion and construction of the farm yard in the outer bailey then took place in the middle of the 16th century.
Modern times
In 1650 the Diocese of Halberstadt fell as a secular principality as a result of the Reformation and the Thirty Years' War, and in 1680 the Archdiocese of Magdeburg as a secular duchy fell to the Electorate of Brandenburg and the later Kingdom of Prussia . As a result, Krottorf became a royal Prussian domain in 1700 .
At the end of the 17th century there were 51 households without taking the castle into account, from which a number of 300 to 330 inhabitants can be estimated. For the end of the 18th century, including “the office and the spiritual buildings”, 96 fireplaces were counted, to which the chronicler assigned a population of 576. After the Napoleonic Wars , an unprecedented increase in population began in the region, which was not least due to the rapid economic upswing in Central Germany, triggered by the large-scale sugar beet cultivation and corresponding beet sugar production introduced in the mid-1830s . The population of Krottorf remained largely unaffected by this development until the middle of the 19th century. In 1838 Krottorf had 538 inhabitants; the number of houses had grown to 105.
The domain was given the status of a manor in 1849 through the sale to the last tenant, Andreas Friedrich Heinrich Dettmar . The estate belonged to this family until the land reform of 1945 and was managed by them.
On September 30, 1928, the manor district Krottorf was united with the rural community Krottorf.
politics
coat of arms
The coat of arms was approved on March 20, 1995 by the Magdeburg Regional Council. Blazon : "In blue over a silver wavy beam a silver three-arched bridge, above a silver-red split shield." The community colors are silver (white) - blue. The coat of arms was designed by the Magdeburg municipal heraldist Jörg Mantzsch .
Buildings and facilities
Krottorf Castle
Krottorf Castle is a low castle that was secured by the Bode and by moats fed by it. After the original castle was destroyed in 1363, a fortified complex with buildings in the Renaissance style was not rebuilt until the 16th century and expanded by the owner at the time around 1890; Parts of the wall and trenches are still preserved. The closed courtyard of the castle is open to visitors.
The buildings were hardly used after the fall of the Wall, so that a community of interests was formed to preserve them.
Since October 2000 part of the castle has been owned by the Arbeiterwohlfahrt Kreisverband Börde e. V. used as a small home for children and young people.
Main entrance in the courtyard
Window of the great hall
Inner courtyard of the castle
Castle fountain
St. Severus village church
The village church of St. Severus , which is only a little older than the castle, is based on a late Gothic quarry stone building from the 15th / 16th centuries. Century back. The current square west tower dates from 1704 and replaced the bell tower that burned down in 1693. In 1713 the vault of the church with beams and floorboards was also renewed. In the period after 1732 the church received a new altar and a new pulpit in the baroque style. In 1751, “everything” including the sky was “painted in bright colors” and in 1766 a new organ was installed.
The Krottorf Church received its present appearance through a renovation in 1836. The structural redesign carried out in the course of the renewal of the church roof concerned, among other things, the elevation of the surrounding walls by 5½ feet and the enlargement of the windows, which were given high pointed arches corresponding to the character of the building. The current interior of the church was completely redesigned in the years 1888/89 by Gustav Kuntzsch , Institute for Church Art , Wernigerode , and replaced the baroque furnishings.
In the interior of the Krottorf Church there are tombstones from the 16th and 17th centuries.
Local development and infrastructure
"Am Limbach" residential area
With the development and development of the “Am Limbach” residential area, a piece of Neues Krottorf has recently been created. The area has a size of 1.23 hectares and comprises 15 individual locations for residential buildings.
Power generation
The power station, built in place of a water mill , dates back to 1896 . The Elektricitätswerk Crottorf AG, founded on June 16, 1900, took over the power supply, especially for the district of Oschersleben, and had a line network that grew from 14 km to 30 km in the vicinity.
Transport links
The connection to the railway network was established with the Magdeburg – Halberstadt railway line built in 1842/43 by the Magdeburg-Halberstädter Eisenbahngesellschaft . There are currently regional train connections to Nienhagen , Halberstadt, Hordorf, Oschersleben, Hadmersleben and Magdeburg ( Magdeburg – Thale railway line ). The Krottorf train station was closed in December 2012 in order to shorten the travel time between the Harz city and the state capital.
There are bus connections to Hordorf, Oschersleben, Gröningen and Kroppenstedt .
Connections to the federal road network: federal road 81 Magdeburg – Halberstadt (from Gröningen approx. Seven kilometers of country road); Bundesstraße 245 Helmstedt –Halberstadt (from Schwanebeck approx. Four kilometers of country road).
Personalities
- Johann Gebhard Maaß (1766–1823) was an important psychologist
- Friedrich Karl Heinrich Maaß (1768–1840) was director of the cathedral grammar school in Halberstadt
literature
- Helmut Gummert: Krottorf in the Harz foreland - The development of the village up to the 20th century in its historical environment. Self-published , Beutelsbach 1996, DNB 948105437 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2001
- ^ Hermann Großler: Altheilige stones in the province of Saxony. In: New Years Papers. Ed. By the Hist. Commission of the Prov. Saxony, Halle 1896, p. 18.
- ↑ Harald Meller (ed.): Beauty, Power and Death - 120 finds from 120 years of the State Museum for Prehistory Halle. Accompanying volume for the special exhibition 2001–2002 in the State Museum for Prehistory in Halle. Halle / Saale 2001, ISBN 3-910010-64-4 .
- ^ Official Journal of the Government of Magdeburg, 1928, p. 203
- ^ Soproni Múzeum, Sopron ( Hungary ), Inventory No. P. 2425 E 251 ( Storno Könyvtár): Gustav Kuntzsch folder , not paged .
