Altenburg (Nienburg)

Altenburg City of Nienburg (Saale) Coordinates: 51 ° 49 ′ 26 ″  N , 11 ° 45 ′ 25 ″  E
Residents :	320  (2013)
Incorporation :	July 14, 1961
Postal code :	06429
Area code :	034721
Location of Altenburg in Nienburg (Saale)

Altenburg is a district of the city of Nienburg (Saale) in the salt district of the German state Saxony-Anhalt with 320 inhabitants.

geography

Geographical location

Altenburg is located north of the city of Bernburg (Saale) in Saxony-Anhalt in the lower Saale valley on the rivers Saale and Bode . The place belongs to the city of Nienburg an der Saale and lies on the edge of an approximately one kilometer wide and up to three kilometers long plateau, which extends like an island into the wide lowlands in the confluence of the Bode and Saale. The wind is on the other edge .

history

middle Ages

In Altenburg, the original Franconian castle is believed to protect the mouth of the river Saale. At that time the Saale represented the border between the Germanic old settlements and the Germania Slavica . In addition, the Bode formed the border between the Schwabengau and the North Thuringia . The name of the Nienburg ("New Castle") is said to refer to Altenburg.

Nienburg was mentioned in 961 in one of the founding documents of the Gernrode monastery and around 970 by the Jewish traveler Ibrahim ibn Jaqub : "This castle is made of stone and is also located on the river S.láwa and into which the river Búda falls" . The construction of this stone castle is dated between the years 930 and 950. On May 10th 927 the Bernburg (Slavic Dupzk ) fell. This cleared the way for the Liudolfinger to expand further eastwards.

As early as 975, the Benedictine abbey, founded in Thankmarsfelde in the Harz Mountains in 970 , was relocated to the Nienburg Fort, as the Saale had lost its centuries-old border function . The renovation work on the Nienburg lasted over 30 years. On August 8, 1004, the previous building of the Nienburg monastery church , which has survived to this day, was consecrated in the presence of King Heinrich II . Thus both the Altenburg and the Nienburg were rededicated from secular buildings to protect the Elbe-Saale line to sacral buildings for the Roman Catholic missionary work of the Sorbs.

An indication of the existence of an old Franconian castle in Altenburg is the almost square shape of the Romanesque church tower of Altenburg, in which a Romanesque corner fireplace with a round jacket can still be seen today. This Romanesque living space could be reached via a raised entrance, so that it is a former residential tower that was converted into a church. The various phases of renovation can still be clearly seen today.

The Altenburg was probably created during the very late 8th or early 9th century to support the nearby Waladala ( Waldau ) royal court . This Franconian fortification was first mentioned in a document in 782.

Opposite the Franconian Altenburg, on the other side of the hall, was the Sorbian hill fort Budizko (today Grimschleben ), the Sorbian counterpart to Waladala was Dupzk Castle (today Bernburg).

In 961 the monastery of Frose was converted into a canonical monastery by Margrave Gero and Altenburg was first mentioned as a monastery property in the form of Alneburg . Frose was founded in 869 or 870 as an imperial monastery with Cyriakus patronage by Ludwig the German and shortly after 888 came to the forerunners of the Ascanians . As an important border fortress at the time, Altenburg was probably already part of the founding property of the imperial monastery, which was built near the eastern border of the Franconian Empire to further establish royal power. From 961, Altenburg and the Frose monastery belonged to the Gernrode monastery, which was then newly founded by Gero .

In 1106 an Altenburg estate was mentioned for the first time, which at that time had to be pledged at short notice by the Wettins to the nearby imperial monastery of Nienburg. Heinrich I von Eilenburg was only about 33 years old and died in 1103 during the fight against the Elbe Slavs on the Neisse, which is why his son Heinrich II von Eilenburg, who was probably born posthumously, was initially under the tutelage of his widow Gertrud as Margrave of Lusatia and Margrave of Meissen the younger one from Braunschweig followed. The Altenburg estate, located in the old settlements in the Schwabengau, probably belonged to the property of the Wettiner Dedos I , the father of Heinrich I von Eilenburg. Dedo I. held the office of count in southern Swabia from 1046.

In 1130 the Altenburg castle was destroyed by the troops of St. Norbert von Xanten . The founder of the Premonstratensian Order was Archbishop of Magdeburg at the time. In the years that followed, a watch tower was built next to the destroyed castle. Around 1180, today's church of St. Blasien was built on the site of the former castle, obviously using the former residential tower and probably also the castle chapel.

1336 mentioned the loan book of Prince Bernhard III. von Anhalt-Bernburg a mill probably belonging to the manor.

In 1421 Prince Bernhard VI donated. von Anhalt-Bernburg (1420–1468) in Altenburg the chapel of Our Dear Women and in 1462 a mass in this chapel with the stipulation that it should not be sung and read hastily but rather clearly and intelligibly. Because of the leasing of parish rights, the bad custom arose that masses were only held very shortened. With Bernhard VI. the old Bernburg line of the Ascanians died out on February 2, 1468 .

Modern times

In 1609 a Wilhelm von Peschwitz, Erbsasse zu Altenburg and Hauptmann zu Nienburg, was mentioned as the owner of the manor. The previous owner was the Ascanian noble family Hoym . Wilhelm von Peschwitz built a limestone quarry and leased it to Joachim Schmalen and Michael Rehbein zu Magdeburg for three years. After the death of Wilhelm von Peschwitz in 1610, the limestone quarry fell to the sovereign, the Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg, at the time Christian I. The manor was sold as a confiscated fief from the Anhalt senior prince Johann Georg I (Anhalt-Dessau) to Burkhard von Erlach.

In 1614 the quarry was leased by Christian I von Bernburg to Rudolph Miehe, who increased the production of the Sparkling lime.

In 1641 this gypsum quarry was mentioned in the Bernburger Salbuch.

During the Thirty Years War , troops of the imperial lieutenant general Matthias Gallas marched through Altenburg in 1642 , which was looted and devastated. The church also went up in flames. Gallas was on the way against the Swedish general Lennart Torstensson . It was not until six years after the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 that the church was rebuilt in 1654. Due to the hardship of the time, the construction work dragged on until 1670.

In 1753, Prince Viktor II. Friedrich, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg, bought Altenburg from the noble von Erlach family. August Leberecht von Erlach (January 12, 1680 - December 16, 1754) was the Prince's court marshal.

In 1867 there was still a customs lifting point in Altenburg. In addition to the ducal one, there was also a private gypsum break in that year. In addition to the ducal domain, Hagemann's generous property had survived. A total of 594 acres of arable land and 90 acres of meadow were cultivated in Altenburg . There were 26 horses, 209 cattle, 1044 sheep, 237 pigs and 91 goats in the village.

After the founding of the GDR on October 7, 1949, Altenburg was initially able to protect itself against the large wave of incorporation of July 1, 1950. In the month before the wall was built, on July 14, 1961, the old community suffered the fate of incorporation into the younger, but now larger, Nienburg. On the same day, Piesdorf was incorporated into Belleben (today to Könnern ) in what was then the district of Bernburg . In other parts of the former Halle district, too, there were incorporations during this time, such as that from Sieglitz to Molau (today Molauer Land in the Burgenland district ) on July 1, 1961. Until the turnaround, the communities had peace from further politically induced forced mergers. On January 1, 2010, Nienburg then had to merge with five other communities with eight districts.

Population development

In 1710 Johann Christoph Bekmann (1641–1717) stated 54 houses with 277 residents for Altenburg. In 1833, according to Heinrich Lindner, Altenburg had 362 residents in 56 houses. According to the same, there were 329 inhabitants in 1821 and 327 in 1827. In 1867 Ferdinand Siebigk lists 553 residents in 86 houses. After an interim figure of 638 inhabitants, the population decreased continuously to 320 in 2013 (2009: 344, 2010: 341, 2011: 328, 2012: 324).

building

church

The church is a Romanesque quarry stone building from around 1180 with great similarities to the Romanesque St. Stephen's Church in Waldau, which was expanded around the same time. While the Waldau church emerged from a predecessor Ottonian building from the period after 960, the remains of the old castle in Altenburg were used to build a church. As a result, the well-fortified west transverse tower, typical of this era, has an almost square floor plan and the remains of a Romanesque residential tower. The church was first mentioned in 1288, the patronage of St. Blasien in 1392. After the destruction of the Thirty Years' War, the nave was raised and provided with buttresses. A two-storey extension was also built on the south side by 1670.

manor

A two-storey baroque building with a gable roof was built around 1750 on the estate, which was already mentioned in 1106. This imposing building served as the estate manager's residence. After decades of decay in the GDR, it was renovated to make it a listed building after German reunification.

Windmill

The Altenburg windmill was built between 1870 and 1880. She's been out of service for a long time. Deprived of its wings, it has been popularly known as the "water tower" and, due to its good visibility, is not only a landmark of Altenburg, but of all of Nienburg.

religion

The area of ​​Altenburg originally belonged to the Sorbian settlement of Lepenitz . Just like in the Ilberstedt district of Cölbigk to the west of the Saale , the Sorbs were ecclesiastically displaced as so-called heathens at the beginning of the 11th century. At that time, the Waldau Stephanskirche was probably the parish church for Altenburg. The Nienburg monastery played a more supra-regional role. Around 1450 the residents of Lepenitz had to leave their village and were settled under the aegis of the city of Bernburg below the castle hill in the so-called freedom.

Since the Reformation in Anhalt-Bernburg (1524–1526) at the latest, Altenburg had its own priest until 1772, when Waldau and Altenburg were ecclesiastically united. From 1807 to 1818, the French period led to another separation. As a result of the very positive population development, Altenburg had its own preacher again before 1867. In 1863 the Duchy of Anhalt-Bernburg died out with Alexander Carl . In 1869 the office of Nienburg was transferred from the Köthen district to the Bernburg church district, which was only created in 1864. At that time, Altenburg was still part of the Bernburg office.

The Protestant parish of St. Blasii Altenburg with St. Petri Hohenerxleben, St. Johannis and St. Marien Nienburg and the parish Wedlitz-Wispitz currently belong to the parish of Nienburg and is looked after by Pastor Stephan Aniol.

Altenburg belongs to the Catholic parish of St. Bonifatius Bernburg with the parish church of St. Bonifatius, the Nikolaikirche in Bernburg, the monastery church of St. Marien and St. Cyprian in Nienburg and the parish church of St. Norbert in Ilberstedt. Responsible pastor is currently Thomas Fichtner.

traffic

About one kilometer east of Altenburg, on the edge of the plateau in the Große Aue, there is a long but narrow lake, which is called Plezege der Bläs after the Sorbian desert. In the small wood to the south of the Bläs are the remains of a probably also Sorbian castle wall. The Bläs is the remnant of an old arm of the Saale, over which a ford secured by the castle wall led here. The field name "An der Steinforth" still reminds us of this.

It was not until 1847 to 1848 that today's road embankment to Nienburg was laid out with three arched stone bridges over various arms of the Bode. Before that, there was only a footpath through the meadows, and there were footbridges over the arms of the river. At the slightest flood, the pedestrians had to be transported by barge, so the transport of goods was completely excluded. Previously there was only a flood-safe connection to Bernburg.

The road connection to Bernburg and Nienburg is now called L 65. In addition, the Auenweg leads from Altenburg to the Saale floodplain.

Web links

• Olaf Böhlk: Altenburg: The chimney in the church tower (accessed on April 23, 2015)

Individual evidence

1. ^ Heinrich Lindner, History and Description of the State of Anhalt , Dessau at Chr. G. Ackermann, 1833, p. 417
2. ↑ History of Bernburg in the Sachsen-Anhalt Wiki ( Memento of the original from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed on April 23, 2015) 
3. ^ Franz Büttner Pfänner zu Thal : The art monuments of the districts of Ballenstedt, Bernburg, Koethen, Dessau, Zerbst . Richard Kahle Verlag, Dessau 1892 and 1894; Reprint Fly Head Verlag, Halle 1998. ISBN 3-910147-85-2
4. ↑ Otto Schlüter, Oskar August (ed.) With the participation of numerous experts: Atlas of the Saale and central Elbe region. Verlag Enzyklopädie, Leipzig 1958–1960, supplement (part 2), p. 151: "Here lay a Franconian royal court named 782"
5. ↑ Landeshauptarchiv Sachsen-Anhalt, Gesamtbergwerkssachen, on 1609, Z 44, B 2g No. 4 (place of use: Dessau) (accessed on April 28, 2015)
6. ↑ " Prince Johann Georgs zu Anhalt Commission matters to Chief Captain Curt von Börstel because of the sale of von Peschwitz's manor Altenburg including what happened because of Peschwitz's widow's breeding "  in the German Digital Library , (accessed on April 28, 2015)
7. ↑ Landeshauptarchiv Sachsen-Anhalt Z 44, B 2l No. 10 Registration number: 30/5 The increase in the savings made by Rudolph Miehe, the tenant of Altenburg, in the limestone quarry  in the German Digital Library, which Prince Christian I lent from Peschwitz (accessed on April 28, 2015)
8. ^ Ferdinand Siebigk The Duchy of Anhalt. Represented historically, geographically and statistically. Published by A. Desbarats, Dessau 1867, p. 578
9. ↑ History of the Principality of Anhalt , 7 parts. Zerbst 1710; Supplementary volume udT Accessiones . Zerbst 1716 (Ndr. Dessau 1995)
10. ^ Heinrich Lindner, History and Description of the State of Anhalt , Dessau at Chr. G. Ackermann, 1833, p. 416
11. ^ Ferdinand Siebigk The Duchy of Anhalt. Represented historically, geographically and statistically. Published by A. Desbarats, Dessau 1867, p. 577
12. ↑ Information from the city of Nienburg , accessed on May 4, 2015.
13. ↑ IGEK / Nienburg (Saale) (accessed on May 9, 2015)
14. ^ Municipalities of Bernburg on the website of the Landeskirche Anhalt (accessed on May 7, 2015)
15. ^ Website of the Catholic communities in Bernburg ( Memento from May 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed on May 9, 2015)
16. ^ Ferdinand Siebigk The Duchy of Anhalt. Represented historically, geographically and statistically. Published by A. Desbarats, Dessau 1867, p. 554