Bickenriede
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Bickenriede
Municipality of Anrode
Coordinates: 51 ° 15 ′ 9 ″ N , 10 ° 20 ′ 54 ″ E
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| Height : | 298 m above sea level NN | |
| Area : | 17.6 km² | |
| Residents : | 1439 (December 31, 2018) | |
| Population density : | 82 inhabitants / km² | |
| Incorporation : | January 1, 1997 | |
| Postal code : | 99976 | |
| Area code : | 036023 | |
Location of Bickenriede in Thuringia |
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 The church of St. Sebastian is one of the landmarks of the place
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Bickenriede is a parish village on the edge of the Eichsfeld with 1460 inhabitants. The place is in the Unstrut-Hainich district , in the north-western part of Thuringia. On January 1, 1997 , Bickenriede became part of the newly founded community of Anrode , to which Lengefeld , Zella , Hollenbach and Dörna also belong.
Name declaration
The village name Bickenriede is explained in different ways. In addition, it changed over time to today's Bickenriede. The most likely explanation is probably to be seen in the derivation of the documented word "Bickenrid". The name could come from "Buchenried" and thus mean a swampy lowland that is overgrown with beeches.
history
The place was first mentioned on August 12, 1146 in a deed of donation from those of Kirchberg . On this day, Archbishop Heinrich I of Mainz confirmed a mill and 8 hooves with just as many farmsteads and 2 woods for "Bichenrid" as a gift from the brothers Folrad and Hartog von Kirchberg to the Erfurt Peterskloster. Until 1294, the Counts of Gleichenstein were masters of Bickenriede. Originally this area was just called Eichsfeld and extended from Ammern and Lengefeld to Heiligenstadt. On November 15, 1294, the Counts of Gleichen sold the Eichsfeld, ie the castles Gleichenstein, Scharfenstein and Birkenstein, to the Archdiocese of Mainz due to high debts. In 1802 the Principality of Eichsfeld, and thus also Bickenriede, was assigned to the Kingdom of Prussia.
The village of Bickenriede was assigned to the Mühlhausen district in 1816. But Bickenriede was not spared from floods, epidemics and famine either. In the years 1836 to 1888, many citizens left their home village and immigrated to the United States of America. There is evidence that 254 people emigrated to America with permission during this period.
At the beginning of April 1945, US Army troops moved towards Bickenriede from the west . There was a battle on the outskirts and shelling by US artillery, which burned down several buildings in the village. Bickenriede was occupied by the Americans twice, on April 4th and 7th. The graves of six German soldiers are in the Bickenriede cemetery; including three unknown names who died in these battles in the Bickenried corridor. At the beginning of July 1945 the Americans were replaced by the Red Army . So Bickenriede came to the SBZ , then GDR, and went along with all the corresponding social changes.
Population development
Development of the population from 1675 until today:
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1675 | 319 |
| 1727 | 605 |
| 1787 | 774 |
| 1819 | 930 |
| 1840 | 1125 |
| 1994 | 1682 |
| 2009 | 1536 |
| 2011 | 1487 |
| 2013 | 1470 |
| 2014 | 1468 |
| 2016 | 1460 |
| 2017 | 1454 |
| 2018 | 1439 |
Culture and sights
Maintenance of tradition
- The Bickenrieder Kirmes ( parish fair ) begins on the Sunday after October 9th with a church service. There is a parade on Monday, Tuesday is the "mutton ride". At the end of the fair there is a mutton meal and the “shaving of the mutton boys”.
- The maize jump is the most important festival in spring, the burning down of the May fires begins in the evening hours of April 30th (Walpurgis Night), the jump over the still blazing fire at midnight becomes a "cult act" (if available with a partner). In some years up to 120 fireplaces were counted.
Anrode Monastery
The Anrode monastery was probably founded in 1267 by the Cistercian women of the Beuren monastery. It was abolished in 1810 in the course of secularization . In 1993 the monastery was bought by the municipality of Bickenriede and has been restored since then mainly with state and federal funds.
Mill houses Landgraben
The Mühlhäuser Landgraben is a late medieval fortification of the former imperial city of Mühlhausen and also runs through the corridor of Bickenriede. The moat and boundary stones from more recent times have been preserved from the complex. The wooded moat is also protected as a ground monument and natural monument.
Catholic parish church of St. Sebastian
Of the late medieval church, only the tower from 1499, which was also used as a control room, remained. The current church was built by A. Wagner between 1920 and 1924 as a wall pillar church and painted in neo-baroque style by Johann Baumann and Norbert Krohmer . The renovation carried out in 1999 was subsidized by the German Foundation for Monument Protection .
Village school
Today's Bickenried School was first mentioned as a so-called school house in 1674. The “old school” on Schulstrasse was followed in 1971 by a new building on Struther Strasse. Both were together the Polytechnic High School "Friedrich Engels". After reunification , it became the Bickenriede elementary and regular school . This currently has ten teachers for around 100 students. On its own initiative, the school prepared for the reclassification to a community school in 2011, but was closed. Today the state primary school is located in the school building, with a focus on musical education.
The building of the "old school" was sold by the municipality of Anrode and is to be used for residential purposes in the future.
Luhnemühlen
The Luhne flows through Bickenriede and flows into the Unstrut near Ammern at the gates of Mühlhausen / Thuringia. From her were in Bickenriede three and monastery Anrode a watermill driven. All weirs and mill ditches were dismantled in the course of the past century. The three mill buildings are still there. The buildings of the Obermühle are currently being renovated, and there are no plans to resume operations. The building of the Klostermühle next to the Bickenrieder Torhaus has only been preserved in the foundation walls since the 1970s.
More Attractions
- the green with a stone table and old oak
- some listed half-timbered buildings from the beginning of the 18th century
- the Hohe Lobe , a high medieval rampart (flat moth as a waiting room or manor castle) on the Hollau
- a prehistoric ring wall with an upstream ditch (waiting room or manor castle) of small size (diameter 9 meters) lies in the southwest corner of Wilhelmswald.
- the giant holes are two adjacently situated, about 5 m deep and since 1941 as a protected natural monument sink holes with a diameter of 25 m in the Hollau, a forest area north west of Bickenriede.
- The three oaks are a hiking destination in the forest of Anrode
- Roland figure in the facade of the community tavern
Personalities
- Vitus Recke (born November 14, 1887 - January 18, 1959), Cistercian priest , abbot of Himmerod between 1937 and 1959, was largely responsible for the reconstruction of the church of the Himmerod monastery .
- Peter Degenhardt (born March 12, 1910 in Bickenriede, † January 29, 1981 in Ehrenberg-Seiferts / Rhön), Catholic priest and Pallotine priest from 1930 to 1954, ordained a priest on March 14, 1937 in the High Cathedral in Limburg an der Lahn. Stations in his life were: parish administrator in Mielenz, Neuteich, prefect in Konvikt in Danzig, pastor in Rasdorf, Gotha, Kassel near Gelnhausen, chaplain in Hattenhof 1946–1950, chaplain in St. Johann in Marburg 1950–1952, clergyman in Marburg 1952– 1958, parish curate in Seiferts / Rhön 1958–1981. Peter Degenhardt worked in the Diocese of Danzig and was expelled from Danzig by the Gestapo in 1944.
Others
As evidence of coarse folk humor, neck names and nicknames that characterize each village developed centuries ago . Accordingly, the Beckreder Strumplecher - Bickenrieder Strumpflöcher, derived from the stocking knitting company operated in the village, lived here in the village . The nickname Strumplecher is almost unknown today. Much better known is the nickname of the Mauschwörmer , the Bickenried milkworm . The name of the neighboring village Milch-Lengefeld is probably derived from this, which is used to distinguish it from Stein-Lengenfeld .
Web links
literature
- Nikolaus Görich: Chronicle of the Eichsfeldischen village Bickenriede. According to archival sources. Self-published, Bickenriede 1934.
- 850 years of Bickenriede. 1146-1996. Bickenriede community, Bickenriede 1996.
- Edgar Rademacher: Bickenriede in the French era. Interesting and curious things from old municipal accounts. In: Eichsfeld. Vol. 45, No. 10, 2001, ZDB -ID 9133872 , pp. 376-378.
- Helmut Godehardt: Land tax payer from the former monastery villages of Bickenriede and Bebendorf 1547/48. In: Eichsfelder Heimatzeitschrift. Vol. 50, No. 10, 2006, ISSN 1611-1648 , pp. 353-354.
- Matthias Stude: The history of the Anrode estate in Eichsfeld. A chronicle from 1927 to the present based on selected commented sources with a review of the monastery history. Mecke Druck und Verlag, Duderstadt 2014, ISBN 978-3-86944-136-8 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Municipality of Anrode: OT Bickenriede
- ↑ StBA Area: changes from 01.01. until December 31, 1997 .
- ^ History of Bickenriede. June 9, 2016. Retrieved June 9, 2016 .
- ^ Hessian Historical Commission (ed.): Mainzer Urkundenbuch. Volume 2: Peter Acht : The documents from the death of Archbishop Adalbert I (1137) to the death of Archbishop Konrad (1200). Part 1: 1137-1175. Self-published by the Hessian Historical Commission, Darmstadt 1968, (87).
- ↑ In the last few years, the mayor's ordinance permitted the custom only to associations, which resulted in a sharp decline in the number of visitors and participants.
- ↑ Web presence of the parish
- ↑ Ingrid Scheurmann , Katja Hoffmann: Sacral buildings (= preserve cultural heritage. Vol. 1). Monuments, Bonn 2001, ISBN 3-935208-10-3 , p. 313.
- ^ Paul Grimm and Wolfgang Timpel: The prehistoric and early historical fortifications of the Mühlhausen district. Mühlhausen (1972), p. 39
- ↑ Michael Köhler: Thuringian castles and fortified prehistoric and early historical living spaces. Jenzig-Verlag Köhler, Jena 2001, ISBN 3-910141-43-9 , p. 276.
- ^ Ralf Weise et al .: Natural monuments in the Unstrut-Hainich district. Nature Conservation Information Center North Thuringia eV, Mühlhausen, p. 14, ( digital version (PDF; 2.21 MB) ).
- ↑ Dr. Bernhard Opfermann, The Diocese of Fulda in the Third Reich, p. 169.
- ↑ Rolf Aulepp: Nicknames of the places and their residents in the Mühlhausen district. In: Eichsfelder Heimathefte. Vol. 27, No. 1, 1987, pp. 78-83.