Himmerod Monastery
Cistercian Abbey of Himmerod | |
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View of the church through the entrance gate |
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location |
Germany Rhineland-Palatinate |
Lies in the diocese | trier |
Coordinates: | 50 ° 1 '40.3 " N , 6 ° 45' 24.2" E |
Serial number according to Janauschek |
75 |
Patronage | BMV |
founding year | 1134 |
Year of dissolution / annulment |
1802 and again in 2017 |
Year of repopulation | 1922 |
Mother monastery | Clairvaux Monastery |
Primary Abbey | Clairvaux Monastery |
Congregation | Mehrerauer Congregation |
Daughter monasteries |
Kloster Chatillon , Heisterbach Abbey (1189) |
Kloster Himmerod (lat. Abbatia claustri BMV ; phonetics in Eifel dialect " Hammerd ") is a by 1134/35 St. Bernard founded Cistercian Abbey in the Eifel . It lies between Eisenschmitt and Großlittgen ( Bernkastel-Wittlich district ) in the Salm valley .
After the Second World War , the abbey gained general fame in 1950 through the Himmeroder memorandum , which was the cornerstone of the rearmament of the Federal Republic .
The Himmerod Abbey was part of the Mehrerau Congregation , which resolved to dissolve the monastery in October 2017.
history
Himmerod
Himmerod belongs to the municipality of Großlittgen in the Verbandsgemeinde Wittlich-Land . Outside the monastery, the Graf-Zils inn is still privately owned, a shop near the Himmeroder fish ponds and some residential buildings.
Monastery history
In 1131 sat Albero of Montreuil after his appointment as Archbishop of Trier a Cistercian monastery on trierischem area by Bernard of Clairvaux for the creation of a. Thereupon Bernhard sent a founding convent from Clairvaux in 1134 under the abbot Randulf. First the convent settled near Winterbach an der Kyll ( Eifel ). During a visit in 1135, Bernhard Himmerod selected the Salmtal as the new location. Himmerod was the 14th Cistercian monastery and the first German monastery to be founded directly by Bernhard von Clairvaux. First a makeshift monastery was built in Himmerod before Bernhard sent the monk Achard to Himmerod to build the monastery complex.
Archbishop Arnold von Trier consecrated the Romanesque monastery church in 1178 . In 1179 the priest monk David von Himmerod , beatified in 1699 , died as the last survivor of the founding convention. Himmerod Monastery itself settled the Châtillon Abbey in the Diocese of Verdun (today the municipality of Pillon in the Meuse department ) between 1153 and 1156 , a subsidiary of the Trois-Fontaines Monastery , and founded the Heisterbach Abbey as its own subsidiary in 1189 .
Until the beginning of the 15th century, the Counts of Sponheim had their burial place in the monastery; the gravestones, including those of Countess Loretta , were still in place in the 18th century.
In 1224 the abbot of Clairvaux's mother monastery stipulated that the number of monks could not exceed 60 and that of lay brothers no more than 200. Himmerod Monastery now owned a large property, some of which it leased.
In 1519 the monastery was again upgraded when Pope Leo X awarded the abbots of Himmerod monastery the pontificals , i.e. the episcopal insignia such as miter and crook . The Romanesque monastery church was restored between 1621 and 1630. During the Thirty Years' War the abbey suffered badly from the pillaging soldiers. In 1641, the abbot Matthias Glabus from Lieser laid the foundation stone for a new monastery, despite the ongoing war, which was completed in 1688 under Abbot Robert Bootz .
Under Abbot Leopold Kamp , the architect Christian Kretzschmar began in 1739 with the construction of a new baroque monastery church in the Cistercian style with a roof turret and without church towers. The church was completed in 1751.
On July 26, 1802, the French government under Napoleon abolished the monastery. After secularization, the monastery and church fell into disrepair. In 1803 the monastery was auctioned off to a hut owner who had the copper church roof removed. This turned the church into ruins. In the following years, the owners changed, who mainly used the building as a quarry. Only the mill and the gatehouse were spared. Essentially only a gable remained of the monastery church, which was often depicted in Fritz von Willes' Eifel painting because of its romantic effect . The last owner, Count Ottokar von Kesselstatt , sold the estate in 1919 to German Trappists from Mariastern in Bosnia .
In 1922, German Cistercian monks from the Marienstatt Abbey in the Westerwald re-established the monastery. The Cistercian Abbey of Itaporanga near São Paulo / Brazil was built from Himmerod in 1936 . The church, which was destroyed except for a few remains after the secularization, was rebuilt from 1952 under Vitus Recke (born in Bickenriede / Eichsfeld , abbot in Himmerod from 1937 to 1959). Because of the high costs and the time constraints, the reconstruction took longer, so that the church was not completed until 1962. Two years earlier - on October 15, 1960 - it was consecrated by Bishop Matthias Wehr .
Himmeroder memorandum
Former German Wehrmacht officers met in Himmerod from October 5 to 9, 1950 to prepare for German rearmament on behalf of the Federal Government around Chancellor Adenauer . The result of the conference was the Himmeroder memorandum . Because of the historical significance of Himmerod for the history of Germany and the Bundeswehr , 550 recruits made their solemn vows there on September 10, 2008 .
present
In 2011, eight monks and two postulants lived in the Himmerod monastery . In the old mill, the abbey operated a museum with changing art exhibitions, a book and art shop, a restaurant, a guest house and retreat house, a gardening shop and a fishery. After losses of more than € 200,000 in 2008 and 2009, employees had to be made redundant and proprietary operations such as the fishery had to be closed. In the summer of 2013, a delegation of ten men from Fighter Bomber Squadron 33 helped the Bundeswehr to renovate a 400-year-old retaining wall.
In September 2015, the monastery hit the headlines when it wanted to auction a valuable manuscript and incunabula from its library at an auction house , which was criticized by experts and also aroused outrage among the public. The manuscript was then withdrawn from the auction and, because of its importance, bought directly by the Rhineland-Palatinate State Library Center ; further books from the monastery library were then sent to the State Library Center at the auction and thus remained public.
After the number of monks in Himmerod Monastery had dropped to just six, the Mehrerau Congregation decided in October 2017 to dissolve the monastery. The property falls to the diocese of Trier . The public regretted the news of the dissolution, but in view of the lack of young people it was understandable. At the same time, demands were made to keep the monastery as a spiritual center as far as possible, also with regard to the economic importance of visitors to the region.
After the decision to dissolve, the handover to the diocese of Trier was initiated by the appointment of a representative. In mid-November 2017, all but two of the remaining monks had moved to other monasteries; the Trier bishop Stephan Ackermann declared that he would personally try to win another religious order for the monastery. Art and bookstore, monastery restaurant, gardening, fishing and guest wing will initially continue to operate. On January 1, 2018, the Trier cathedral capitular Reinhold Bohlen was appointed rector of the Himmerod abbey church. He is also the representative of the Diocese of Trier for the handover of the monastery to the diocese. Stephan Reimund Senge , who is also known as a course leader and writer, was the last monk to stay in Himmerod after his confreres left.
On April 22, 2020, a fire broke out in one of the unused rooms of the monastery, which the fire brigade was able to put out before the fire spread to other rooms.
organ
An organ already existed during the term of office of Abbot Ambros Scheidt (1596–1612), who had the instrument expanded. A new organ was built around 1670, and a small organ was added in 1695. When the church was rebuilt in 1751, a new large organ with 39 registers on three manuals and a pedal was purchased, which probably goes back to Balthasar König or Roman Benedikt Nollet . The instrument was given to Trier Cathedral in 1802 and transferred within two weeks in June 1803. After the re-establishment in 1932, the monastery received a small transitional organ from the Rohlfing company .
Today's organ , built by the Klais organ manufacturer in 1962 with a romanticizing sound profile , achieved fame . Every year from mid-June to mid-September, organ concerts are held in the abbey every two weeks. Several CD recordings were made.
After the reconstruction of the monastery church, an organ system with a western and choir organ was initially considered. These considerations were finally rejected in favor of the current location of the instrument in the south transept; The decisive factor was the consideration that due to the close proximity to the celebration altar and the monks' choir stalls, the liturgical functions could be optimally fulfilled from this position. The cross-shaped prospectus follows the structure of the work ; it is 12.40 m high and 7 m wide. Central to the gaming table heard the main work, which over Spanish trumpet and a majestic plenary sound features. In the French predisposed is swell and finally Kronwerk installed that uses the advantageous sound radiation below the vault. The Rückpositiv in the gallery balustrade with its gentle flute voices can to accompany the monk singing with his kurzbechrigen reeds also be used solo.
In 1977 the pedal was extended by the pedestal 32 ', which was placed behind the organ case. In 2007 the instrument was completely overhauled; the disposition was extended by two reed registers and two sub-octave couplings. In a smoldering fire below the stairway to the organ in July 2017, the instrument was considerably contaminated by the heavy soot. The cleaning started in August 2017; it has now ended.
Today the organ has 60 registers (including 2 transmissions and an extended transmission) on four manual works and a pedal. The game actions are mechanical, the stop actions are electric.
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Pairing :
- Normal coupling: I / II, III / I, III / II, IV / I, IV / II, I / P, II / P, III / P, IV / P
- Sub-octave coupling (2006): III / II, III / III
- Playing aids : electronic typesetting system with 10,000 combinations
- annotation
- (n) = added 2006.
people
Persons associated with the monastery
- Blessed David of Himmerod , monk and mystic, 1100–1179 (Memorial day: December 11)
- Blessed Christian von Himmerod , † 1222 (February 4th)
- Agnes von Pyrmont (* around 1208–1276), founder of the Himmerod monastery, (grave slab in the entrance to the monastery church)
Abbots
Abbots | Surname | Term of office |
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1. | Randulf (Rannulfus) | 1134-1167 / 68 |
2. | Giselbert (Gilbert, Gillebert) | 1167 / 68-1185 / 86 |
3. | Eustachius I. | 1185 / 86-1187 / 88 |
4th | Hermann I. | 1188 – approx. 1196 |
5. | Hermann II of Marienstatt | 1196 - approx. 1198 |
6th | Eustachius II. (Justatius) | 1198-1219 |
7th | Heinrich I. | 1220–1228 (?) |
8th. | Heinrich II von Bruch | 1228 (?) - 1236 |
9. | Konrad | 1236-1256 / 57 |
10. | Theodoric I. | 1256 / 57-1270 |
11. | Paynus from Gelsdorf | 1270-1276 / 77 |
12. | John I. | 1277 - approx. 1280 |
13. | Richard von Manderscheid | 1280-1281 / 82 |
14th | John II | 1281 / 82-1284 |
15th | Hermann III. from Manderscheid | 1284-1290 |
16. | John III | 1290-1310 |
17th | Henry III. | 1311-1315 |
18th | Theodoric II of Bruch | 1315-1317 / 18 |
19th | Heinrich IV of Virneburg | 1317 / 18-1326 |
20th | John IV of Malberg | 1326 |
21st | Heinrich V. von Randeck | 1326 / 27-1328 |
22nd | Baldwin | 1328-1338 |
23. | Henry VI. | 1338-1356 / 57 |
24. | John V. | 1356 / 57-1366 / 67 |
25th | Walter | 1366 / 67-1371 |
26th | Matthias I. | 1371-1392 / 93 |
27. | Thilmann (Dietrich) | 1392 / 93-1412 |
28. | gobelin | 1412-1420 |
29 | Peter I. Damer | 1420-1422 |
30th | Arnold | 1422-1429 |
31. | John VI | 1429-1449 |
32. | Peter II dog | 1449-1468 |
33. | John VII Vasator | 1468-1498 |
34. | Jakob von Hillesheim | 1498-1510 |
35. | Wilhelm von Hillesheim | 1511–1542 (first infuled abbot) |
36. | Matthias II. Morsch | 1542-1558 |
37. | Johann von Briedel | 1558-1571 |
38. | Gregor Simonis | 1571-1581 |
39. | Johann IX. Harvester | 1581-1696 |
40. | Ambrosius Schneidt | 1596-1612 |
41. | Matthias III Nisaeus | 1613-1631 |
42. | Matthias III Glabus | 1631-1647 |
43. | Friedrich Brandt | 1647-1654 |
44. | Johann X. Post | 1654-1685 |
45. | Robert Bootz | 1685-1730 |
46. | Ferdinand Pesgen | 1730-1731 |
47. | Leopold Camp | 1731-1750 |
48. | Anselm Raskop | 1750-1751 |
49. | Robert II of Himmerod | 1752-1782 |
50. | Anselm from Pidoll | 1782-1802 |
After secularization
Abbots | (Prior-Dept.) Administrator | Surname | Term of office |
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Dept | Karl Münz | 1925-1936 | |
Dept | Vitus Recke | 1937-1959 | |
Dept | Maurus Schmidt | 1959-1971 | |
Administrator | Ambrosius Schneider | 1971 | |
Dept | Ambrosius Schneider | 1972-1991 | |
Dept | Bruno Fromme , (ordained priest in 1964, resigned January 18, 2011) | 1991-2011 | |
(Prior) administrator | Stephan Reimund Senge | January 18, 2011 to October 10, 2011 | |
(Dept.) administrator | Thomas Denter | October 10, 2011 to May 2013 | |
(Prior) administrator | Cyrill Greitner | 2013 to February 28, 2014 | |
(Prior) administrator | Johannes G. Muller | since March 1, 2014 | |
Dept | Johannes G. Müller , (abbot since October 1, 2014 (election), abbot's appointment November 30, 2014, retirement 2017) | 2014-2017 |
Others
The monastery has its own book publisher (Himmerod Drucke), in which various authors have so far published more than 50 works, above all the Himmerod Father Stephan Reimund Senge . The magazine “ Our Lady of Himmerod” appears quarterly , about ten times a year the “Himmeroder Rundbrief” (editor: Father Stephan).
For its switch to renewable energies, the monastery received the German Solar Prize 2009 in the category of local or regional clubs / communities.
See also
literature
Non-fiction
- Abbot Ambrosius Schneider: Himmerod 1922 - 1972 , self-published by Himmerod Abbey in 1972
- Abbot Ambrosius Schneider: The Cistercian Abbey of Himmerod from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment 1511-1802 , Wienand Verlag, Cologne 1976, ISBN 3-87909-068-8
- Abbot Ambrosius Schneider: Himmerod history and broadcast , self-published by Abtei Himmerod, fourth edition 1991
- Abbot Ambrosius Schneider: Himmerod Abbey , Schnell Art Guide No. 1067, Verlag Schnell & Steiner GmbH, Regensburg 2001. ISBN 3-7954-4796-8
- Hermann Josef Roth: Himmerod and Marienstatt. Possibilities of a comparison as a methodological suggestion . In: Cistercienser-Chronik 111, 2, 2004, pp. 205–214, 2 figs., 1 tab.
- Hic vere claustrum est beatae Mariae virginis. 875 years of discovery of the monastery in Himmerod . Festschrift ed. v. Abbot Bruno Fromme OCist. Editor Franz Irsigler . Mainz 2010 (= sources and treatises on the history of the Middle Rhine church, vol. 127). ISBN 978-3-929135-63-3
- Andreas Heinz, Ernst Lutsch: Himmerod's forgotten first daughter: Chatillon in the Diocese of Verdun , in: Hic vere claustrum est beatae Mariae virginis. 875 years of discovery of the monastery in Himmerod. Festschrift. ed. v. Abbot Bruno Fromme (Sources and treatises on church history in the Middle Rhine region 127) Mainz 2010, pp. 107–120.
- Christoph Wilmer: Himmerod for those in a hurry , Himmerod 7 Verlag 2012
- Johannes Weingart, Karl Josef Zimmermann (editor): The Himmeroder Rotel , Foundation for the Promotion of Palatinate Historical Research, Series A: Palatinate History Sources 11, Neustadt an der Weinstrasse 2013, ISBN 978-3-942189-13-2
Fiction
- Rüdiger Heins : The Convention . Wiesenburg Verlag, 2014. ISBN 978-3-95632-252-5 (Cistercian monks of the Himmerod Abbey tell)
- Gerlinde Heep and Rüdiger Heins : Der Konvent, edition maya , 1996. ISBN 3-930758-02-4 (An illustrated book with photographs about monastic life in the Himmerod Abbey)
- Albert Pütz : Pike in Himmerod. Palatinate. Publishing house, 1990. ISBN 3-87629-179-8 (Critical novel with surreal features about the conference of the former Wehrmacht officers in 1950)
- Rainer M. Schröder : The secret of the white monks . Arena, 2002. ISBN 3-401-02150-8 (a novel set in early modern Himmerod)
- Rainer M. Schröder: Days of Darkness . Arena, Würzburg 2009. ISBN 978-3-401-06204-4 (a mystery thriller that takes place in early modern Himmerod)
- Martina Kroll: Searching and Finding - A Bear Story Not Just for Children . Himmerod 7 Verlag, Großlittgen 2010. ISBN 978-3-9814117-0-6 (A bear story for children up to 100 years - takes place in Himmerod)
- Martina Kroll: "Laura and Anton". Himmerod 7 Verlag, Himmerod 2013. ISBN 978-3-9814117-3-7 ("The continuation of searching and finding - a bear story not just for children")
Web links
- Official website
- Hans Jakob Ollig: The history of the Himmerod abbey
- The Klais organ
- Initiative Sudan , a development aid project by Father Stephan from Himmerod
- Conrad von Hirsau: Speculum Virginum , digitized manuscript from Himmerod Monastery, early 13th century, now in the Walters Art Museum , Baltimore
- FAZ.net March 12, 2018 / Timo Frasch: The last monk of Himmerod (report)
- Mirjam Günter: Oh Himmerod. In: zeit.de, August 24, 2018 digital
Individual evidence
- ↑ So the official homepage of Himmerod Monastery. Hans Jakob Ollig mentions the history of Himmerod Abbey as early as October 1891.
- ↑ Cistercian Abbey of Our Lady Himmerod. 10th edition, Verlag Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-7954-4796-0 , p. 16.
- ↑ 550 Bundeswehr recruits take their pledge , rhein-zeitung.de from June 15, 2013, accessed on January 12, 2017.
- ↑ Himmerod from its beginnings to today , abteihimmerod.de, accessed on March 14, 2017.
- ↑ Layoffs and fisheries closure: Himmerod on austerity course , volksfreund.de, February 1, 2011, accessed on January 12, 2017.
- ↑ Eileen Blädel: Bundeswehr renovates old monastery wall in Himmerod , volksfreund.de, July 29, 2013, accessed on August 4, 2013.
- ↑ State Library Center Rhineland-Palatinate acquires valuable manuscripts from the library of Himmerod Monastery. Rhineland-Palatinate State Library Center, September 24, 2015, accessed on October 19, 2017 .
- ↑ State Library Center Rhineland-Palatinate acquires valuable manuscripts from Himmerod Monastery . boersenblatt.net of September 24, 2015, accessed on January 12, 2017.
- ↑ https://www.rheinpfalz.de/lokal/artikel/speyer-klosterliteratur-aus-himmerod-in-speyer/
- ↑ Himmerod Abbey is dissolved 900 years after it was founded. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung of October 16, 2017, p. 7.
- ^ Eifel Abbey Himmerod is dissolved. Retrieved October 14, 2017 .
- ↑ Between hope and worry: What's next in Himmerod Monastery? . In: Trierischer Volksfreund , October 5, 2017, accessed on November 6, 2017.
- ↑ http://www.t-online.de/nachrichten/id_82689340/nur-zwei-moenche-im-kloster-himmerod-gespraeche-ueber-zukunft.html
- ↑ domradio.de: Struggle for monastic life in the Eifel , December 27, 2018.
- ↑ Professor Dr. Reinhold Bohlen appointed rector of the Himmerod Abbey Church. abteihimmerod.de, January 3, 2018, accessed July 8, 2019 .
- ↑ Timo Frasch: The last monk of Himmerod. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , March 13, 2018, accessed on July 11, 2019 .
- ↑ https://www.swr.de/swraktuell/rheinland-pfalz/trier/erneuter-brand-im-kloster-himmerod-100.html
- ^ Franz Bösken , Hermann Fischer , Matthias Thömmes: Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine (= contributions to the Middle Rhine music history . Volume 40 ). tape 4 : Koblenz and Trier administrative districts, Altenkirchen and Neuwied districts. Part 1. Schott, Mainz 2005, ISBN 978-3-7957-1342-3 , p. 405-406 .
- ↑ a b The Klais Organ from 1962 , accessed on February 15, 2017.
- ↑ See the information on the website of the abbey church on the organ (as of July 8, 2018)
- ^ Matthias Thömmes: Organs in Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland . Paulinus, Trier 1981, ISBN 3-7902-0137-5 , p. 93 .
- ↑ After the fire in Himmerod: Dark soot instead of heavenly sounds . In: Trierischer Volksfreund , August 13, 2017, accessed on November 6, 2017.
- ↑ See the information on the website of the Klais organ building company (viewed on July 8, 2018)
- ↑ Abbots of the old abbey of Himmerod; In: Cistercian Lexicon
- ↑ Ambrosius Schneider: The Cistercian Abbey of Himmerod in the Late Middle Ages , self-published by the Himmerod Abbey, 1954, p. 9 (detail scan)
- ↑ Johann von Briedel 37th Abbot of the Himmerod Monastery 1558–1571, In: Zisterzienserlexikon
- ^ Raskop, Anselm. In: zisterzienserlexikon.de. Retrieved April 10, 2019 .
- ↑ Abbots of the old abbey of Himmerod; In: Cistercian Lexicon
- ^ Resignation of Frommes
- ↑ Himmerod: “Genuine” insolvency proceedings , Volksfreund
- ↑ Inheritance and Mission - Support for Himmerod .
- ↑ Orden.de
- ↑ Himmerod has a new abbot ( memento from October 6, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), Wochenspiegel, October 2, 2014
- ^ German Solar Prize 2009: Acknowledgment of the Himmerod Monastery