Hasungen Monastery

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Hasungen Monastery: foundation walls of the tower with memorial plaque

The Hasungen Abbey , also Burghasunger Abbey , was a Benedictine abbey on the plateau of Burghasunger Berg (formerly Hasunger Mountain , 479.7  m above sea level.  NN ) in the Habichtswald Nature Park, just east of the decorating Berger district Burghasungen in northern Hesse Kassel district .

The sacred Heimerad worked on the mountain . The monastery, which existed from 1080/81, has long been one of the richest and most beautiful monasteries in Hesse. In the Middle Ages it was a well-known pilgrimage site .

history

Wandering preacher Heimerad

Heimerad statue in the parish church of St. Martin in Messkirch

The history of Hasungen Monastery begins with the itinerant preacher Heimerad , who was born around 970 in the Swabian town of Messkirch and who traveled to Hasunger Berg via Memleben , Kirchberg and Kirchditmold . On the mountain, he took care of the Michael's chapel there and became known nationwide as a miraculous man. After Heimerad's death on June 28, 1019, Archbishop Aribo of Mainz had a chapel built over his grave in 1021.

Founding of a monastery and blooming

In 1074 Archbishop Siegfried I of Mainz donated a canon monastery on Hasunger Berg, which was converted into a Benedictine monastery of the Hirsauer Observanz in 1080/81 . The chronicler Lampert von Hersfeld became the first abbot of the Hirsau-appointed convent , although he sharply attacked Archbishop Siegfried as Hersfeld's opponent in the “Thuringian Ten Dispute”. This implausible approach in the investiture dispute is explained by the fact that Siegfried had drawn the enmity of King Henry IV and lost his metropolis Mainz in 1077 . In addition, Siegfried von Mainz achieved that Hasungen opened up to the Cluniac reform by occupying the monastery with Hirsau monks.

After Lampert's death in 1081, Gieselbert was his successor, but could only exercise his position as abbot until the death of Archbishop Siegfried von Mainz in 1084, as his successor, Archbishop Wezilo , was absolutely devoted to the German king. In 1085 Wezilo forced Gieselbert to renounce his abbot status and appointed an abbot loyal to the emperor and a monks' convent in Hesse.

Information board at the site of the former Hasungen monastery

The Hessian Count Werner IV. , Vogt of the Kaufungen Monastery and the St. Petri-Stift in Fritzlar , united in 1113 all judicial rights of the Hasungen, Breitenau and Kaufungen monasteries and the St. Petri-Stift in his hand. The monastery acquired property in numerous surrounding areas and a dispute arose over ownership claims between the town of Zierenberg and the Hasungen monastery. After Werner IV's death, Werner's possessions and rights in Hessengau first went to the Gisonen and then to the Ludowinger .

After the death of Heinrich Raspe , the last Ludowinger Landgrave of Thuringia, in 1247 the Thuringian-Hessian War of Succession broke out between Heinrich III. von Meißen on the one hand and Sophie von Brabant and her still underage son Heinrich I (the child) on the other. The war finally ended with the secession, under Heinrich I, of the new Landgraviate of Hesse from Thuringia. Archbishop Werner von Mainz accused Sophie and her son Heinrich of withholding the fiefs to which he was entitled after Heinrich Raspe's death. In 1263, in the Peace of Langsdorf, the disputed Mainz fiefdom of the monastery bailiwick was assigned to the Hessian landgrave.

In 1330, citizens of Zierenberg burned down the monastery, but had to rebuild it by 1336. In the 14th century, Hasungen Monastery ordered the Wolfhagen City School, which the chronicler and author of the Limburg Chronicle, Tilemann Elhen von Wolfhagen , also attended.

In 1494 the monastery was reformed. In 1505 it joined the Bursfeld congregation . There were reports of unrest in the Peasants' War in 1525 from the surrounding villages.

Reformation and fall

The tower ruins shortly after the lightning strike in 1876

In 1527 the monastery was closed during the Reformation and the monks were resigned. The monastery complex was badly damaged in the Thirty Years' War . Landgrave Moritz the Scholar considered using the remaining buildings to build a castle; he personally sketched a conversion plan for this project, but rejected the plan again.

The monastery church was only demolished in the course of a new church in 1795–1800. On July 1, 1876, a lightning strike split the still preserved bell tower; It collapsed partially in 1896 and finally in 1948.

As early as 1839, the dedicatory script and a Gothic fragment of a tombstone made from red sandstone from 1320 were discovered on Hasunger Berg. These finds were attached to the new classical Burghasunger church as spolia .

memory

Today only a few stone piles, remains of a tower and two memorial plaques as well as the Hasungen Monastery Museum in the village community center remind of the monastery on and on the Burghasunger Berg .

In 1865 Louis Kolitz painted the oil painting View from the slope of the Dörnberg to Burghasungen at the foot of the Hohen Dörnberg .

museum

Individual archaeological finds are shown in the "Hasungen Monastery Museum", a former branch of the "Regional Museum Wolfhager Land" in Burghasungen. Until 2012 it was in the basement of the Burghasungen village community center. Today's museum building in the sacred-futuristic style of a church nave was built between 2009 and 2012 for around 450,000 euros and was inaugurated on October 7, 2012. An almost three kilometer long eco path with seven stations leads from the museum to the former monastery complex on the mountain.

literature

  • Georg Dehio (greeting), Magnus Backes (editing): Hessen ( Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler ). Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1966, p. 111.
  • Karl Ernst Demandt : History of the State of Hesse . Johannes Stauda Verlag, Kassel 1981, ISBN 3-7982-0400-4 , pp. 168, 171, 185, 219, 318 and 355.
  • Eckhart G. Franz (Ed.): The Chronicle of Hesse . Chronik Verlag, Dortmund 1991, ISBN 3-611-00192-9 , pp. 43–45, 120.
  • Kassius Hallinger: Cluniacensis SS. Religionis Ordinem Elegimus. On the legal position of the beginnings of Hasungen Monastery. In: Yearbook of the Diocese of Mainz. Volume 8 (1958/60), ISSN  0720-2113 , pp. 224-272.
  • Karl Hassenpflug: Hasungen Monastery. In: Heimat-Jahrbuch for the Wolfhager Land. Volume 1 (1958).
  • Erhard Heidrich: Heimerad was admired by a lot of people. Hasungen Monastery was located at the ascetic's grave. In: Almanac. Calendar for the Diocese of Limburg. 1994, pp. 124-127.
  • Walter Heinemeyer : The forgery of the Hasungen Monastery. In: Archive for Diplomatics, History of Writing , Seal and Heraldry , Volume 4 (1958), ISSN  0066-6297 , pp. 226-263.
  • Walter Heinemeyer: Burghasungen (Kr. Wolfhagen). In: Georg Wilhelm Sante (Hrsg.): Handbook of the historical sites of Germany . Volume 4: Hessen (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 274). Kröner, Stuttgart 1960, DNB 456882863 , p. 64f.
  • Walter Heinemeyer: Heimerad and Hasungen - Mainz and Paderborn. In: Horst Fuhrmann (Ed.): From Imperial History and Nordic History. Karl Jordan on his 65th birthday (Kiel historical studies; 16). Klett, Stuttgart 1972, ISBN 3-12-902710-6 , pp. 112-130.
  • Georg Hildebrand: Hasungen monastery in the history of the empire and the country. In: Yearbook of the district of Kassel. 1975, pp. 107-111.
  • Bruno Jacob : On the history of the Hasungen monastery. In: Home calendar for the Wolfhagen district. 1955.
  • Irene Kappel: Prehistoric and early historical site monuments of the city and district of Kassel. In: Yearbook of the district of Kassel. 1978, p. 31.
  • Hasungen Monastery Museum. Guide to the branch of the Wolfhager Museum in the Burghasungen village community center . District Home Museum, Wolfhagen 1987.
  • Volker Knöppel: The Hasunger Berg and the Christianization of the Wolfhager Land. In: Yearbook of the Hessian Church History Association. Volume 52 (2001), ISSN  0341-9126 , pp. 53-65.
  • Volker Knöppel: The Hasunger Berg. Considerations for the Christianization of the Wolfhager Land. In: Yearbook of the district of Kassel. 2002, pp. 107-110.
  • Christoph Noll, Johannes Burkardt: Hasungen . In: Friedhelm Jürgensmeier u. a .: The Benedictine monastery and nunnery in Hessen (Germania Benedictina 7 Hessen). Eos, St. Ottilien 2004, pp. 535–559. ISBN 3-8306-7199-7 .
  • Karl Heinrich Rexroth, Gerhard Seib (ed.): Burghasungen 1074–1974 . City administration, Zierenberg 1974.
  • Karl Heinrich Rexroth: The holy Heimerad and Hasungen. On the history of the monastery in the 11th century and its position between Hersfeld and Hirsau. In: Heinrich Pflug (Ed.): Baunatal. Chronicle of the town of Baunatal. Volume 2: Middle Ages and Early Modern Times . 1995, pp. 159-186.
  • Franz Bernhard Schlereth: The Hasungen Monastery. In: Journal for Hessian History , Volume 3 (1843), ISSN  0342-3107 , pp. 137–159.
  • Gerhard Seib: 925 years Hasungen Monastery. In: Yearbook of the district of Kassel. 2001, p. 113f.
  • Josef Semmler : Lampert von Hersfeld and Giselbert von Hasungen. In: Studies and communications on the history of the Benedictine order and its branches. Volume 66 (1956), pp. 261-276.
  • Armin Sieburg (edit.): Zierenberg City Archives . Hessisches Staatsarchiv, Marburg 2001, ISBN 3-88964-188-1 .
  • Edmund Ernst Stengel : Lampert von Hersfeld, the first abbot of Hasungen. At the same time a contribution to the early history of the Hirsau monastery reform . In: From constitutional and national history. Festschrift for Theodor Meyer. Volume 2: Historical regional research, economic history, auxiliary sciences. 1955. (1973, ISBN 3-7995-7707-6 )
  • W. Stock: The ruins of the church of the former Benedictine monastery at Burghasungen. In: The medieval monuments of Lower Saxony. Volume 1 (1861), pp. 130-132.
  • Tilman Struve : Hersfeld, Hasungen and the vita Haimeradi. In: Archives for cultural history. Volume 51 (1969), ISSN  0003-9233 , pp. 210-233.
  • Heiner Wittekindt: The Hasunger Berg and its monastery. In: Yearbook of the district of Kassel. 1982, pp. 68-74.
  • Klaus Sippel: The closter [...] may well have been one of the most advanced buildings in Hesse and neighboring countries. In: Monument Preservation & Cultural History. 2009, Issue 4, ISSN  1436-168X , pp. 27-32.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hasungen Monastery Museum on regionalmuseum-wolfhagen.de ( Memento from July 30, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  2. ↑ Hasungen Monastery Museum inaugurated after three years of construction, on HNA.de, October 7, 2012

Web links

Commons : Hasungen Monastery  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Eco path Hasungen monastery  - travel guide

Coordinates: 51 ° 19 ′ 27.1 ″  N , 9 ° 16 ′ 33.2 ″  E