Benno Ohnesorg

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Benno Paul Johann Ohnesorg (born October 15, 1940 in Hanover ; † June 2, 1967 in West Berlin ) was a student and participant in the demonstration on June 2, 1967 in West Berlin against the state visit of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi . The West Berlin police officer Karl-Heinz Kurras shot the 26-year-old in the back of the head with a pistol from close range.

His violent death made Ohnesorg known all over Germany and contributed significantly to the fact that the West German student movement of the 1960s spread and radicalized nationwide. The day of his death is considered a turning point in West German post-war history with far-reaching socio-political consequences.

Kurras was acquitted in two legal proceedings with the help of false testimony and considerable police manipulation. After his work as a secret employee of the GDR State Security became known in 2009 , he was investigated again. It has been proven since 2011 that he fired at Ohnesorg without an order, unhindered and probably with a target. There was no new charge for this crime.

Alfred Hrdlicka : The death of the demonstrator , relief in front of the Deutsche Oper, Berlin

family

Benno Ohnesorg was the second of three sons. His mother died when he was nine years old. He grew up with his father, who had since remarried. After completing secondary school , he completed an apprenticeship as a window dresser .

Abitur course

At the beginning of 1960, Ohnesorg applied to the Braunschweig-Kolleg to catch up on the Abitur there. He stated that he would like to become an art teacher and named modern painting and poetry , classical Greek and contemporary dramas and chamber music as his areas of interest and stated that he created sculptures and linocuts, regularly attended piano concerts and was regularly informed about all current trends in modern art . The college's psychologist, Elisabeth Müller-Luckmann , certified him with sensitivity, intelligence, artistic talent, obstinacy and great receptivity. He is introverted and more thoughtful than setting the tone, but he has “quite some beginnings to become someone who is not entirely everyday”. In October 1960 he specified his interests in a letter to his future headmaster: he wanted to study brain physiology and art. He was admitted as one of forty out of four hundred applicants for 1961.

In the Abitur course, Ohnesorg showed himself to be very interested in literature and music. He read works by French poets since François Villon as well as German post-war authors. With his friend and classmate Uwe Timm he read and discussed works by Albert Camus ( Der Fremde ), Jean-Paul Sartre , Samuel Beckett ( Molloy ), Ernst Bloch ( traces ), Friedrich Nietzsche ( human, all-too-human ). He wrote poems, but published only one of them in the only issue of a literary magazine edited by him and Uwe Timm ( partly-partly ).

Ohnesorg used his school or semester holidays for educational stays and school internships abroad, for example in Great Britain (1961), Morocco (1962) and France (1965 and 1966). Since 1961 he studied English poetry, was interested in calligraphy and learned Chinese for it . In 1962 he began to learn Arabic . In 1963 he passed his Abitur.

Education

In the fall of 1963, Ohnesorg applied to the State University of Fine Arts in West Berlin, but was rejected. In 1964 he began to study Romance and German at the Free University in West Berlin with the aim of becoming a high school teacher. On April 27, 1967, he married his pregnant girlfriend Christa. He lived with her at Prinzregentenstrasse 9 in Berlin-Wilmersdorf .

Ohnesorg was a pacifist and member of a Protestant student community . Contrary to many representations, he was politically active: He took part in the Germany meeting of young people in East Berlin in 1964 and explained plays by Bertolt Brecht to his friend Alex Schubert , but was not a Marxist . He was a member of the Argument discussion club , signed a petition for the campaign for disarmament of the Easter March movement and went to a demonstration against the education policy of the West Berlin Senate . He read the magazine Berliner Extra-Dienst . In the spring of 1967 he was often outraged by the increasing violence of the Berlin police. He was particularly interested in injustice in “ Third World ” states.

Circumstances of death

leader

Like many students at the time, Benno Ohnesorg had informed himself about the conditions in Iran at the time . On June 1, 1967, with up to 4,000 students at the Free University of Berlin , he heard a lecture by the Iranian regime critic Bahman Nirumand , whose book Persia, Model of a Developing Country he had read. In the evening, Ohnesorg visited the Ça Ira youth club in Berlin-Wilmersdorf and discussed the behavior of the Berlin police during demonstrations with other club guests. He considered reports of their brutality to be exaggerated and the answer was that he could get an idea of ​​it for himself at the planned demonstration against the Shah the following day. On the morning of June 2, he heard on the RIAS radio station that Shah supporters were beating peaceful demonstrators at Schöneberg Town Hall , the police present watching and then beating them. Thereupon he and his wife Christa decided to demonstrate against the Shah in front of the Deutsche Oper that evening . To do this, they made a banner with the inscription "Autonomy for Tehran University ".

In front of the Deutsche Oper

Around 2,000 demonstrators had gathered in front of the opera house by 7 p.m. Until the Shah arrived at 8 p.m., the police repeatedly grabbed individuals from the crowd and mistreated them. After the couple entered the opera, around 4,000 police officers began to break up the demonstration by force with sticks, water cannons and irritant gas without warning. Benno and Christa Ohnesorg were standing on the southern sidewalk with their friend Dietz Bering and were pushed with the crowd to the junction of Krumme Strasse and Bismarckstrasse .

At the junction with Krumme Strasse, the police formed a narrow line with water cannons. Plainclothes police officers, including Karl-Heinz Kurras, pursued fleeing demonstrators in order to beat them up further and to arrest alleged ringleaders (internally known as “fox hunt”). Ohnesorg saw several plainclothes officers dragging a man into an inner courtyard of the building at Krumme Strasse 66/67 (today: Schillerstrasse 29). To watch what happened to him there, he followed them and separated from his pregnant wife, who was on her way home. He wore a flashy light red shirt and sandals that evening, which witnesses later identified by witnesses.

Fatal shot

House 66 Krumme Street

Rift squads of armed civilian and uniformed police officers beat and kicked several demonstrators in the backyard (Hartmut R., Götz F.). Others tried to verbally stop the thugs until more police officers came and drove them out. After photographs by Uwe Dannenbaum ( BZ ) and Bernard Larsson ( Der Stern ), Ohnesorg initially stood at a carpet pole in the courtyard and watched the scene with others. He then moved to the exit of the courtyard, was put between parked cars by at least three police officers (Thomas H., Ulrich K., Klaus N.), surrounded, detained and also beaten up. Other police officers (Helmut Starke, Horst Geier, Hans Kaiser) and students testified to this. All testimony excluded the self-defense situation later claimed by Kurras .

At around 8:30 p.m. Ohnesorg was shot in the back of the head from about a meter and a half away. Several witnesses saw and heard details of the incident: Ohnesorg's attempt to escape, the police officers beating him, his raised hands (interpreted as a gesture of surrender or appeasement), a shout "Please don't shoot" (probably from Ohnesorg himself when he saw the gun), muzzle flash at head height, without care fall afterwards. In a photo that was digitally brightened only after 2009, Kurras rests his left hand on the shoulder of one of the three police officers, probably aiming his right hand at Ohnesorg, whose bare feet in sandals can be seen on the ground. The head of operations, Helmut Starke, stands directly behind Kurras and watches; he later claimed to have entered the courtyard only after the shot. Several witnesses heard the dialogue between the policeman Horst Geier and Kurras: "Are you crazy to shoot here?" - "It went off." A tape recording by the Süddeutscher Rundfunk documents a gunshot sound , followed by "Murderer, murderer!" Shouts and the command of a male person: “Kurras, right back! Come on! Quickly get away! ”The recording was not admitted as evidence in the Kurras trial and disappeared without a trace.

The examination of the photo and film material at the time by the Federal Prosecutor's Office (2009–2012) confirmed the suspicion that Kurras had unrestrictedly and purposefully shot at Ohnesorg, that his colleagues had observed it at close range and then covered it up. Historians, investigative journalists and authors of new documentaries have been talking about a police murder since then.

Death in the ambulance

Benno Ohnesorg
, June 2, 1967
Photography by Jürgen Henschel

Link to the picture
(please note copyrights )

The student Erika S. heard the bang, but did not interpret it as a pistol shot. She managed to get the beating police to let go of the seriously injured man. Friederike Dollinger and another woman turned Ohnesorg on his back and supported his bleeding head, as a famous photo shows.

Police officers present initially refused to bring an ambulance. Until he arrived, they prevented a rushed medical assistant from giving the injured person first aid , even though the man identified himself and showed his doctor's bag. According to him, the ten-minute exchange ended with the police suspecting him of being a communist when he referred to his work as a doctor in East Berlin.

The ambulance arrived at around 8:50 p.m. The drive to the hospital took an estimated 45 minutes, as the Albrecht Achilles Hospital and the Westendklinik, which were first approached, stated that they no longer had any beds available for the injured. The companions, a paramedic and a self-injured nurse, tried to save Ohnesorg's life during the journey. According to the sister's statement, he died in her presence on the transport. Against 21:35 the car reached the Moabit Hospital . A doctor examined Ohnesorg briefly and asked the paramedics why they had brought a body. However, according to the hospital record, Ohnesorg's death did not occur until 10:55 pm; " Skull base fracture " was given as the cause of death .

After the testimony of doctors and police officers involved, which had become known since 2009, Ohnesorg was initially pushed into a storage room at the clinic. Police commissioner Erich T. from Kurras' department inspected the corpse, saw the bullet hole and received the information from a doctor: "That was probably fatal." Several plainclothes police officers were present and spoke to the doctors involved. Resuscitation was later attempted on Ohnesorg's lifeless body. His head was shaved and x-rayed so that the projectile inside should have been discovered. The young Persian assistant doctor Homayoun T. , whose father was the Shah's Minister of Economic Affairs and whose family was friends with the Shah, who was involved at the time, entered the wrong time of death in Ohnesorg's death certificate at 10:55 p.m. on instructions from his superiors, probably about the operation on the skull to disguise the dead as a rescue attempt. He also documented a false cause of death: "Skull injury by blunt force". Kurras was allowed to view Ohnesorg's body on the night of June 3rd. Another policeman alleged that the dead man was one of the “biggest crackers” the night before “during his lifetime”.

autopsy

The Berlin Senator for the Interior, Wolfgang Büsch , ordered the autopsy , initially scheduled for June 5, 1967 , to be carried out on the morning of June 3. The autopsy doctor found bruises and bruises all over Ohnesorg's body. He found the cause of death to be a "brain shot". A six by four centimeter piece of bone from the top of the skull with the bullet hole had been sawn out and the scalp sewn up over it. The attending attorney Horst Mahler , then a member of the SDS, interpreted this finding as an attempt to cover up the cause of death. Uwe Soukup summarized the open questions in 2007:

“Why was a dead man operated on? What medical sense should it have to saw out the part of the skull bone in which the bullet point is located? […] Was the time of death set at 10:55 pm in order to legitimize the strange treatment of the deceased by pretending to be a rescue attempt? [...] Although the bullet point was exposed and operated on, nobody really claims to have noticed the gunshot wound? "

An immediately ordered police search for the piece of bone remained fruitless. Doctors and nurses involved protested against allegations of manipulation. In the later acquittal for Kurras it was confirmed that Ohnesorg was most likely beaten up after the shot. The attending physician did not recognize the bullet, gunshot channel and projectile in the brain.

Transfer and burial

Gravestone of the married couple Benno and Christa Ohnesorg, Bothfeld district cemetery , 2017

On June 8, 1967, a memorial service for Ohnesorg took place in the Henry Ford Building of the Free University of Berlin. Then his body was transferred to Hanover. A demonstration ban issued by the West Berlin Senate on June 3, 1967 was lifted at short notice. Around 15,000 people gathered at the Dreilinden border crossing to say goodbye to Ohnesorg. In his address, the Berlin theologian Helmut Gollwitzer recalled the victims of the Vietnam War and the Middle East conflict in the same month and continued:

"Benno Ohnesorg's passion was peace ... When he separated from his wife there on the street corner in Schillerstrasse and went over to Krumme Strasse, [...] it was perhaps his impulse to help a battered person who cost him his life [... ] Take this first uncontrolled convoy since the end of the war as a sign of promise for a future peaceful Germany [...] in which one can again drive freely to and fro, unhindered by motorway tolls, barbed wires and walls. "

The Senate wanted to have Ohnesorg's body transported by plane. In contrast, Christa Ohnesorg had enforced an overland transfer. Hundreds of vehicles accompanied Ohnesorg's coffin on the transit route through the GDR , which was closed to other traffic. The GDR authorities waived the usual controls and transit fees at both border crossings. FDJ groups and company delegations greeted the convoy with propaganda posters. The closure of the transit route angered many West German truck drivers. However, the Braunschweig police protected the convoy from their attacks.

On June 9, 1967, a silent march of around 7,000 students took place through downtown Hanover. Ohnesorg was buried in the Bothfeld district cemetery (Department 2A, number 176). Between June 3 and 9, 1967, students demonstrated against police violence at almost all universities in the Federal Republic, a total of over 100,000. In November 1967 Christa Ohnesorg gave birth to their son Lukas, whose sponsorship Helmut Gollwitzer took over. She made friends with Gretchen Dutschke-Klotz , the wife of the student leader Rudi Dutschke . After her death in 2000, she was buried next to her husband.

Political and legal consequences

Ohnesorg's shooting triggered weeks of mass demonstrations across West Germany and in the following months led to the resignations of the police president, the interior senator and the governing mayor of West Berlin Heinrich Albertz . He had initially blamed the students for Ohnesorg's death and had to abandon it because of the established facts. The trial against Kurras ended with his acquittal, whereby crucial evidence and testimony were disregarded. Although the appeal proceedings proved Kurras' false statements, he remained unpunished. Follow-up investigations since 2009 have revealed attempts to cover up the cause of death, agreements between the police and defenders of Kurras and false statements by his colleagues and superiors in the trial against him at the time. These offenses have not yet been dealt with.

Commemoration

On June 8, 1967, students placed a wooden cross in front of the opera in memory of Ohnesorg, which the police removed. On the night of June 17, 1967, some SDS members, including Rudi Dutschke, temporarily renamed Strasse des 17. Juni to “Strasse des 2. Juni”.

Memorial plaque of the sculpture by Alfred Hrdlicka

In 1967 the picture Benno Ohnesorg by Wolf Vostell was created , a blurring of a photograph of Benno Ohnesorg, who was shot and lying on a stretcher.

In 1971 the sculptor Alfred Hrdlicka created the bronze relief "The Death of the Demonstrator", which was placed in front of the Deutsche Oper at 35 Bismarckstrasse in 1990 . A plaque embedded in the base reminds of the importance of the event for the student movement.

Wiglaf Droste and Michael Stein founded the Benno-Ohnesorg-Theater in 1991 for satirical reading and song evenings. In Hanover-Linden-Mitte , the Benno-Ohnesorg Bridge over the Ihme has been a reminder of the student since 1992 .

The Benno-Ohnesorg Bridge in Hanover-Linden

On the 30th anniversary of Ohnesorg's death in 1997, a three-day “Ohnesorg Congress” at the Technical University of Berlin looked back at the development and impact of the student movement.

In 2005, the writer Uwe Timm created a literary monument for his former classmate in Braunschweig with the story The Friend and the Stranger .

On the 40th anniversary of Ohnesorg's death, Uwe Soukup published a book on June 2, 1967, for which he spent five years researching the course of events, interviewing witnesses, collecting and evaluating image, sound and written documents. Reviews appeared in many media, combined with warnings of a similar escalation of violence during demonstrations at the G8 summit in Heiligendamm in 2007 . The Berlin police honored Ohnesorg with a wreath for the first time on June 2, 2007 at a memorial service at the Deutsche Oper.

The district assembly of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf twice called on the district administration by a majority to name Götz-Friedrich-Platz at the Deutsche Oper underground station (corner of Krumme Straße / Bismarckstraße) Benno-Ohnesorg-Platz . The CDU building councilor Klaus-Dieter Gröhler , together with the board of trustees of the opera, which owns the square, and the cultural administration in the Rotes Rathaus, have so far refused.

Memorial plaque at the crime scene, since 2008

For over 40 years there was no evidence of the event at the location of the shooting. On December 12, 2008, representatives of the city of Berlin and Charlottenburg unveiled an information board in front of the house on Krumme Strasse.

On the 50th anniversary of the death in 2017 Jürgen Karwelat pleaded for the Berlin History Workshop for the Shakespeare place in Berlin on Benno Ohnesorg-Square rename. At a memorial event on June 2, 2017 in front of the Schöneberg Town Hall, its initiator Dirk Behrendt , Berlin Senator for Justice, apologized for the police operation at the time and the inadequate legal processing. Contemporary witnesses Wolfgang Wieland and Gretchen Dutschke-Klotz demanded a Benno-Ohnesorg-Platz, compensation for Lukas Ohnesorg and an explanation of Kurras's guilt.

Additional information

literature

Documentation on the circumstances of death
  • AStA of the Free University of Berlin (Ed.): Documents of June 2, 1967 and the time thereafter. Opinions, resolutions, declarations, decisions, leaflets, speeches, newspaper reports, comments. Berlin 1967, 62 pp. (Hectography).
  • FU SPIEGEL 58, 13th year, reprint June 1967.
  • FU SPIEGEL 59, 13th year, July 1967.
  • Anrisse - student magazine of the Technical University of Berlin , No. 59, July 1967: June 2nd in witness statements. (Pp. 17-20).
  • Knut Nevermann : June 2, 1967. Students between emergency and democracy. Documents on the events on the occasion of the Shah's visit. Published by the Association of German Student Associations (vds), Pahl-Rugenstein, Cologne 1967.
  • The evening paper. Berlin, special print from June 7, 1967.
  • Kai Hermann: The police battle of Berlin. In: Die Zeit No. 23/1967; Reprint: Zeit Magazin No. 25/1992.
  • Klaus Rainer Röhl : Kessel battle. The emergency exercise in Berlin. In: concrete no. 7, July 1967, pp. 14-17 and pp. 32-35.
Authority reactions
  • Werner G. Doyé, Ulrich Neveling, Hendrik Schmidt, Gernot Wersig : (Ed.): Documentation on the current relationship between the Berlin press and the student body. 1 Berlin 33, Ihnestr. June 28, 1967, 10 pages (hectography).
  • Oberbaumpresse: 1. Berlin breach of the peace book. Responsible for the content: the Berlin judiciary with the assistance of: Dagmar v. Doetinchem, Gil Funccius, Eike Hemmer, Petra Herzinger, Nikolaus Kuhnert , Peter Neitzke , Jan-Carl Raspe , Eberhard Schultz, Hartmut Sander. Berlin 1967.
  • Janz, Fitterling: Berlin - June 2, 1967. Findings and consequences. On the work of the parliamentary committee of inquiry of the Berlin House of Representatives. Documentation: Stenographic report of the meeting on September 22, 1967. Ed .: Student Union of the State of Berlin, vds - regional association in the Association of German Student Associations. Self-published, Berlin November 1967.
  • Wolfgang Lefèvre: Causes and Consequences of June 2nd. In: neue kritik , Journal for Socialist Theory and Politics, issue 42/43, Frankfurt am Main, August 1967, pp. 4-14.
Student movement
  • Contraste - monthly newspaper for self-organization. Heidelberg, Volume 24, No. 272, May 2007, ISSN  0178-5737 , p. 1 and p. 7-10.
  • Karl A. Otto : APO. The extra-parliamentary opposition in sources and documents (1960–1970). Pahl-Rugenstein, Cologne 1989, ISBN 3-7609-1237-0 .
  • Uwe Göbel: The student movement and its consequences. Deutscher Instituts-Verlag, Cologne 1978, ISBN 3-88054-182-5 , Chapter II: Die Studentenrevolte , pp. 22-25.
  • Frank Deppe (Ed.): June 2, 1967 and the student movement today. Weltkreis, Dortmund 1977, ISBN 3-88142-179-3 .
  • Frank Wolff , Eberhard Windaus (ed.): Student Movement 1967–1969. Protocols and materials. Roter Stern, Frankfurt am Main 1977, ISBN 3-87877-093-6 .
  • Helmut Gollwitzer: Taking care of the stunted and disadvantaged. To my godson Lukas Ohnesorg. In: Freimut Duve, Heinrich Böll, Klaus Staeck (Hrsg.): Letters for the defense of the republic. Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1977, ISBN 3-499-14191-4 , pp. 50-53.
  • Hartmut Häußermann , Niels Kadritzke, Knut Nevermann (eds.): The rebels of Berlin. Student policy at the Free University. A documentation by Jens Hager. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne / Berlin 1967.
Contemporary history

Image and sound documents

Movies
  • How did Benno Ohnesorg die? June 2, 1967. Documentary, rbb , 2017, written and directed by Klaus Gietinger, Margot Overath, Uwe Soukup.
  • Benno Ohnesorg - His death and our life. Documentary, hr / arte , 2017, written and directed by Simone Jung .
  • The death of Benno Ohnesorg. June 2, 1967. Documentary, Spiegel TV , 2012, written and directed by Michael Kloft .
  • June 2, 1967. Documentary, script and direction: Thomas Giefer , Hans-Rüdiger Minow, Laika-Verlag, Hamburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-942281-70-6 .
  • An approach to Benno Ohnesorg - The friend and the stranger. Documentary, rbb 2008, written and directed by Uwe Timm, Rolf Bergmann.
  • Disturbance of the peace. Screenplay: Ulm Institute for Film Design, Frankfurter SDS, in: Frank Wolff , Eberhard Windaus (eds.), Student movement 1967–1969. Protocols and materials. Roter Stern , Frankfurt am Main 1977, ISBN 3-87877-093-6 , pp. 27-97.
broadcast
Image documents
  • Martin Düspohl (Ed.): Jürgen Henschel. The photographer of truth. Pictures from Kreuzberg 1967–1988. Kreuzberg-Museum, Berlin Story Verlag, Berlin 2006, ISBN 978-3-929829-45-7 .
  • Jürgen Henschel: Photo of the shot Benno Ohnesorg on contraste.de .
  • Bernard Larsson: Demonstrations. A Berlin model. Photos from 22./23. June 1966 to June 5, 1967. In: Bernward Vesper (Ed.): Voltaire Flugschrift Volume 10 , Voltaire, Berlin 1967, pp. 10-84.

Web links

Commons : Benno Ohnesorg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Death certificate of the police chief at Spiegel online; accessed on June 6, 2017
  2. ↑ Uwe Soukup: June 2, 1967. Berlin 2017, p. 103
  3. ↑ Uwe Timm: The friend and the stranger. 2007, pp. 16-19
  4. ↑ Uwe Timm: The friend and the stranger. 2007, p. 151 f.
  5. ↑ Uwe Soukup: June 2, 1967. Berlin 2017, pp. 104-106 and 109; Uwe Timm: The friend and the stranger. 2007, p. 122
  6. ↑ Uwe Soukup: June 2, 1967. Berlin 2017, pp. 106, 109
  7. ↑ Wolf-Dieter Zimmermann: Kurt Scharf: a life between vision and reality. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1992, p. 127
  8. ↑ Uwe Soukup: June 2, 1967. Berlin 2017, pp. 106-109.
  9. ↑ Ulrich Chaussy : Rudi Dutschke: The biography. Droemer, Munich 2018, ISBN 978-3-426-27752-2 , pp. 224f.
  10. ↑ Uwe Soukup: June 2, 1967. Berlin 2017, pp. 14, 23 f., 109
  11. ^ Dietz Bering ( Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger , June 1, 2007): It had been thought impossible.
  12. ↑ Uwe Soukup: June 2, 1967. Berlin 2017, pp. 58, 61, 69 f.
  13. ↑ Uwe Soukup: June 2, 1967. Berlin 2017, pp. 68–95
  14. ↑ Uwe Soukup: June 2, 1967. Berlin 2017, pp. 174–177
  15. ↑ Peter Wensierski (Ed.): June 2, 1967. 2017, p. 25
  16. ↑ a b Der Spiegel, January 22, 2012: Shots at students - Berlin police hushed up the background of the Ohnesorg death.
  17. ↑ Peter Wensierski (Ed.): June 2, 1967 , 2017, p. 21 ; Thomas Gehringer (Tagesspiegel, May 15, 2017): Documentary on the 50th anniversary: ​​The death of Benno Ohnesorg on June 2, 1967.
  18. ↑ Uwe Soukup: How did Benno Ohnesorg die? Berlin 2007, pp. 127, 130
  19. ^ Death of Benno Ohnesorgs: "The police officers beat up like stupid" . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , May 30, 2007
  20. ↑ Holger Schmale: A fatal moment. The photographer Jürgen Henschel photographed the dying Benno Ohnesorg on June 2, 1967 . In: Berliner Zeitung , June 1, 2007
  21. ↑ Uwe Soukup: June 2, 1967 , Berlin 2017, pp. 98f.
  22. ↑ Uwe Soukup: How did Benno Ohnesorg die? Berlin 2007, pp. 134-137
  23. ↑ Uwe Soukup: June 2, 1967 , Berlin 2017, p. 178 f .; June 2, 1967: The hour of the witnesses. In: Der Tagesspiegel , June 2, 2009, accessed on September 4, 2019
  24. ↑ Benno Ohnesorg: Manipulation on the operating table spiegel.de on January 25, 2012, accessed on September 4, 2019
  25. ↑ Uwe Soukup: June 2, 1967. Berlin 2017, p. 179
  26. ↑ Uwe Soukup: How did Benno Ohnesorg die? Berlin 2007, p. 97
  27. ↑ Uwe Soukup: How did Benno Ohnesorg die? Berlin 2007, pp. 137 and 159 f.
  28. ↑ Uwe Soukup: How did Benno Ohnesorg die? Berlin 2007, pp. 97 and 137.
  29. ↑ Gretchen Dutschke Klotz: Rudi Dutschke , 4th edition 1996, p. 132
  30. ↑ Uwe Soukup: June 2, 1967. Berlin 2017, pp. 129–132.
  31. ↑ Heiko Geiling: The other Hanover: youth culture between rebellion and integration in the big city. Offizin Verlag, 1996, ISBN 3930345064 , p. 93.
  32. ↑ Knut Nevermann (ed.): June 2, 1967. Students between emergency and democracy. Documents on the events of the Shah's visit. Siegfried Prohop, Cologne 1967, p. 5
  33. ^ Freimut Duve , Heinrich Böll , Klaus Staeck : Letters for the defense of the republic. Rowohlt, 1977, ISBN 3499141914 , p. 50.
  34. ↑ Gretchen Dutschke-Klotz : Rudi Dutschke , 1996, p. 172.
  35. ↑ Der Spiegel , June 1, 2017: The grave of Benno Ohnesorg and his wife Christa (photo series 22/27)
  36. ↑ Uwe Soukup: June 2, 1967. Berlin 2017, pp. 178–188.
  37. ↑ Gretchen Dutschke-Klotz (ed.): Rudi Dutschke: Everyone has to live their whole life. The diaries 1963-1979. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, ISBN 3462032240 , p. 55 and fn. 166.
  38. ↑ Wolf Vostell. Dé-coll / agen, blurring 1954–1969 . Edition 17, Galerie René Block, Berlin 1969.
  39. ^ Wreath-laying ceremony on June 2nd for Benno Ohnesorg . District Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf, press release May 25, 2007
  40. ^ Ohnesorg Congress, May 30 to June 1, 1997
  41. ^ Süddeutsche Zeitung , June 2, 2007: Late regrets in Berlin. Police chief puts down wreath for Ohnesorg.
  42. ^ Tilman Fichter ( Der Tagesspiegel , May 30, 2007): My June 2, 1967 .; taz , June 4, 2007: Quarrel about Ohnesorg - district wants to rename the square in front of the German Opera after the shot student. Opera against it.
  43. ↑ Nina Apin: Facades of Silence . In: taz , June 1, 2007
  44. ↑ Memorial plaques for Benno Ohnesorg and memorial text June 2, 1967 ( Memento of February 18, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 2.5 MB) In: Berlin.de
  45. ↑ Uwe Rada ( taz , May 28, 2017): 50 years June 2, 1967: "Kurras was a gun fool".
  46. ↑ Senator apologizes for police violence on June 2, 1967 . In: Der Tagesspiegel , June 2, 2017
  47. ↑ Plutonia Plarre (taz, June 1, 2017): Anniversary of the death of Benno Ohnesorg: Half-hearted commemoration
personal data
SURNAME No worries, Benno
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ohnesorg, Benno Paul Johann (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German student who was shot by a police officer at a demonstration in Berlin
DATE OF BIRTH October 15, 1940
PLACE OF BIRTH Hanover
DATE OF DEATH June 2nd, 1967
Place of death Berlin