Braunschweig Police Department
The police department Braunschweig (Braunschweig PD) is a Police Department Police of Lower Saxony , located in the district Gliesmarode in Braunschweig . She is responsible for the police inspections in Braunschweig, Gifhorn , Goslar , Salzgitter / Peine / Wolfenbüttel and Wolfsburg / Helmstedt . Michael Pientka has been the chief of police since 2013 . The PD Braunschweig is subordinate to the Lower Saxony Ministry of the Interior and Sport .
history
prehistory
While there was a police order issued by Duke August 1647 in the Braunschweiger Land , the city administration in Braunschweig regulated its own police affairs for a long time. It was not until 1761 that the police system was detached from the city administration as a police department. After the Prussian defeat by Napoleon in 1806 , the Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel was incorporated into the Kingdom of Westphalia in 1807 . Under French occupation, it was given an administrative structure based on the French model and Braunschweig became the capital of the Oker department . After the end of Napoleonic rule and the collapse of the Kingdom of Westphalia from 1813, the Duchy of Braunschweig was the successor . The Braunschweig Police Department was founded at this time, when Duke Friedrich Wilhelm reorganized the state of the Duchy and partially reversed the French innovations.
founding
The Braunschweig Police Department was first mentioned by name in a newspaper article dated February 2, 1814, which introduced the authority to readers. It was led by a police director who was in high rank and was located immediately behind the Braunschweig city director. The staff comprised a total of 23 officers in 1820, including 17 police officers. Their number rose only slightly in the 19th century, despite a population of 50,000, to 29 police officers who were later renamed police sergeants. When Braunschweig became a large city with 100,000 inhabitants in 1890 , the number of police officers increased. During this time there were about 100 police sergeants and other personnel such as registrars, clerks, inspectors and police commissioners. A calculation of the police density in 1872 showed that theoretically there was one police sergeant for every 1,000 inhabitants, but in practice there was only one police sergeant for every 3,300 inhabitants. In comparison, the police density in other cities was 1: 200 to 1: 400, such as in Berlin, Vienna or St. Petersburg.
November Revolution 1918
During the November Revolution in Braunschweig , mutinous sailors from Kiel and Wilhelmshaven reached the city on November 6, 1918. On November 7th, a group of armed men from the ranks of the insurgents appeared at the main police building on Münzstrasse. The police refused to hand over their weapons and an angry crowd broke into the building. The police did not resist because of the overwhelming odds. They were disarmed and released immediately, although they were retired by the insurgents. Only the police chief Carl vor dem Busch was held hostage in Braunschweig Castle for eight days together with other representatives of the city . The workers 'and soldiers' council had its seat there. After the proclamation of the Socialist Republic of Braunschweig on November 9th, a Soviet-style Red Guard was set up to restore law and order. Already on November 14th it was renamed the People's Army and since it could not guarantee order, all police officers were reinstated. Only the senior police officers, like the police chief, were retired. His job was taken over by a worker who previously worked as a locksmith. With the failure of the revolution due to the invasion of Freikorps troops in April 1919, the old conditions were restored.
Weimar Republic
At the end of 1919 the paramilitary and barracked security police were set up in Braunschweig, but they only existed under this name until 1920. She wore a green uniform in contrast to the blue uniform of the conventional police. The reason for the establishment of the association was the rampant crime in the city, mainly through theft. There was also a hand grenade attack on the Rennelberg prison , the motives of which were never known. The unit consisted of 420 men and was composed mainly of former soldiers and members of the Freikorps . Former officers of the Reichswehr held management positions. The hussar barracks on Altewiekring became the headquarters for a short time, and from 1920 the infantry barracks on Fallerslebener Tore, which no longer exist today .
In 1920 the workers and communists in Braunschweig feared a putsch by reactionary Reichswehr officers. They banded together with 200 men and on March 17, 1920, by force of arms, they occupied the neighboring village of Broitzem , from where they wanted to conquer Braunschweig and overthrow the government. When the security police and the Reichswehr approached, a battle broke out in which armored cars and machine guns were used.
After a little over a year of existence, the security police in Braunschweig were transferred to the protection police in 1920. The military-looking green uniform was retained. The reason for the measure was the demand of the victorious powers of the First World War for the dissolution of the security police, which they regarded as a prohibited military organization. During a reorganization in 1921, the police headquarters integrated the traditional police with blue uniforms into the protective police with green uniforms. The police then consisted of 600 men, most of whom were barracked and of whom only about 130 were on duty in the city. At that time there were 125 members of the criminal police. Another branch of the police was the administrative police, which was responsible for commercial, health, passport, registration and market affairs.
In 1921, the Braunschweig police cleared up politically motivated bomb attacks on four buildings as well as several attacks, including the post office. Were arrested Minna Faßhauer as a member of the KAPD and the son of communists August Merges .
In 1922, hyperinflation led to tumultuous inflation in Braunschweig, in which the intervening police were violently attacked by the crowd. Due to the poor supply situation for the population, there was increased looting.
In 1924 the uniform of the police in Braunschweig changed from green to black. This was in response to a demand made by the victorious powers of the First World War, who wanted to abolish the military appearance of the police with predominantly field-gray uniforms in Germany. Although other German countries chose blue as their uniform color, they switched to black in Braunschweig. The reason for this was the tradition of uniform colors, which went back to 1809. Black was the hallmark of the black band of Duke Friedrich Wilhelm , the black duke.
time of the nationalsocialism
From the beginning of the 1930s, Braunschweig was considered a city in the German Reich with particularly violent political conflicts. The police stood between the warring parties from the political right and left.
In the Free State of Braunschweig , the National Socialists participated in political power as early as 1930 through a state election. In a coalition government with bourgeois forces, the NSDAP filled the post of interior minister with its partisan Anton Franzen . He quickly pushed for personnel changes, in which SPD members were dismissed from leading positions, such as the commander of the Siering police force. The minister of the interior also took sides for his party comrades in practical decisions and decided against the police. When Adolf Hitler visited Braunschweig in early 1931, police were raised in front of his hotel to protect him, as political opponents demonstrated against him. Since the NSDAP found the police's use against the demonstrators to be inadequate, the Interior Minister ordered the police to withdraw and transferred the protective task to the SA .
At SA rally in Braunschweig on 17 and 18 October 1931 as National Socialist demonstration of power, tens of thousands took SA and SS men's part from all over Germany and Adolf Hitler. In addition to the actual elevator, uniformed SA men marched through working-class neighborhoods singing battle songs and rioting. The police were powerless to face the events, and the police chief even denied street fighting. Because of a violation of the uniform ban , there were isolated arrests of uniformed SA men by the police outside the Free State of Braunschweig on their way back.
From 1932 "purges" took place in the police force. Police officers with a non-National Socialist attitude were no longer employed after their 12-year employment. Police officers who had intervened against attacks by the SA on communists were also dismissed as a deterrent .
In 1933, Braunschweig's NSDAP interior minister, Dietrich Klagges , had an auxiliary police set up under the direction of Friedrich Alpers , which was recruited from members of the SS, SA and Stahlhelm. You should support the police because of possible "communist terrorist acts". After members of the Reichsbanner attacked an SS man, the auxiliary police stormed the building of the social democratic newspaper Braunschweiger Volksfreund on March 9, 1933 . A newspaper employee was shot dead in an exchange of fire. In a letter to the Braunschweig police , the interior minister thwarted criminal prosecution by the auxiliary police. The unit was dissolved again after a few months of its existence. During this time, their measures were directed with extraordinary brutality mainly against members of various workers' organizations, the SPD, the KPD , but also against Jews .
During the Stahlhelm Putsch on March 27, 1933 in Braunschweig, several thousand communists, social democrats, trade unionists and other people gathered to register as new Stahlhelm members in the AOK building . Armed SA and SS units, accompanied by regular police who had been deployed because of the “threat of a coup”, attacked both the people and the building using batons and firearms. The SS and police drove the people out of the building, while the auxiliary police drove the people in front of the AOK building back into the building by using baton and shooting.
Shortly after the seizure of power in June 1933, a state police office was founded in Braunschweig, in which all police forces were brought together. SS member Friedrich Jeckeln became police chief . As part of the DC circuit of the countries the police authority was transferred to Brunswick in 1933 to the Reich.
Towards the end of World War II , units of the 30th US Infantry Division reached the area northwest of Braunschweig around April 8, 1945. When Lieutenant General Karl Veith , the city's last combat commandant, refused to formally surrender to US General Leland Hobbs on the evening of April 10, the city was bombarded with heavy artillery for hours . Several hundred officers of the security police then settled in the Elm . Although the police were mainly equipped with pistols and only a few with rifles, they took up positions on the edge of the forest against advancing American troops. The police force disbanded after attacks by American fighter bombers and artillery fire.
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In Braunschweig, on April 11, 1945, around 150 police officers stood ready in the bunker of the main police building in Münzstrasse to take decisions on the question of the defense of the city. In the early hours of April 12, several people appeared in this bunker, including two US soldiers and the lawyer Erich Bockler , who had been appointed mayor of the city just a few hours earlier . After brief negotiations, the protocol of the handover of the city of Braunschweig was signed there on April 12, 1945 at 02:59 a.m. Then American troops occupied the city without a fight. On June 5th, command was transferred to the British armed forces and Braunschweig was henceforth part of the British zone of occupation .
post war period
Even before the military occupation of Braunschweig on April 12, 1945, the Acting Police President had the police disarmed so that no suspicion of military action against American troops could arise. Although large-scale looting began in the city after the surrender, the Allied military government refused to rearm the police. Instead, armed British soldiers accompany the police officers on their patrols.
On April 18, 1945, 90 police officers who were members of the NSDAP were dismissed by the military government. On May 31, an additional 353 officers were fired as a result, resulting in a staff shortage. As a result of the recruitment of police trainees, there were around 500 police officers again in June 1945, but only about 30 of them were officers with many years of experience and training. The police officers were on duty in civilian clothes until October 1945, as they did not yet have a uniform. An armband with the inscription "MG" for "Military Government" marked them. The armament consisted of a rubber club.
The British military government reorganized the police in its zone of occupation based on the British model with a largely decentralized structure. A unitary police force was created without protection or criminal police. Since Braunschweig was a big city, a city police was established in it. It was directed by a chief of the police. The main areas of police activity in the early post-war period was the fight against black market trafficking and coal looting.
Service buildings and police stations
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The first police station was in Kleine Burg 10, from 1815 on Langedammstrasse 2 and from 1820 on Gördelingerstrasse . Since it was not possible to control the city from a central point, several police stations were set up in Braunschweig . In 1894 there were nine guards, including four in the gatehouses of the Steintor, Petritors, Wendtores and Wilhelmitors. The gatehouses were after the razing of bastionärsmäßigen fortification on Okerumflutgraben arose early 19th century and served as customs posts to control the traffic in and out of town. Some of them were operated as police stations until 1938. The police station on Madamenweg was built around 1890.
In 1879 the construction of the central office building on Münzstrasse began. Before that, Bevern Castle, a half-timbered building, completed in 1709, had to be demolished at this point. Since the property was in the area of two old branches of the Oker , extensive pile foundations with 6 m long oak piles were necessary, which were driven into the ground. A 67 m long structure with features of Italian Renaissance and Baroque buildings was then built. In 1880 operations began on three floors and around 2,500 m² of usable space. As early as 1910, when the city had grown to around 150,000 inhabitants, the crampedness of the building made itself felt by the 170 officials. There were extensions and conversions and service apartments became service rooms. Between 1910 and 1915 the building behind the police building and later the property at Bohlweg 10 for access was purchased. Another noteworthy redesign of the property took place during the Second World War in 1942 with the construction of a two-storey air raid shelter , which became necessary because of the ensuing air war against the city with an important armaments industry .
After the Second World War there were seven police stations:
- 1. Police station for the north-west city, seat in the Thomaestrasse
- 2. Police station for the north of the city, based in Hamburger Strasse
- 3. Police station for the east city, seat in the Jasperallee
- 4. Police station for the western inner city, seat at Lessingplatz
- 5. Police station for the eastern city center, based in Münzstrasse
- 6. Police station for the southwest city, seat on Madamenweg
- 7. Police station for the southeastern city, seat at Leonhardplatz
During a reorganization in 1960, call pillars were set up at the police outposts and the number of police stations was reduced to five:
- 1. Police station for the city center, headquarters in Münzstrasse
- 2. Police station for the north area, based in Hamburger Strasse
- 3. Police station for the east city, seat in the Jasperallee
- 4. Police station for the south area, seat at Leonhardplatz
- 5. Police station for the West area, based on Madamenweg
With the territorial and administrative reform in 1974, 22 surrounding communities were integrated into the city of Braunschweig, increasing the area of responsibility of the police headquarters from 76 to 192 km². The population rose from 218,000 to 270,000 people.
In 1979 the new building of the 4th police station was inaugurated, which previously had its headquarters on Leonardplatz in the historic buildings of the former St. Leonhard monastery . It was the first new building since the construction of the police station on Madamenweg in 1890. Another new police station was built in 1987 for the western part of the city. By 1989 all districts had moved to new or better buildings. Only the main police building in Münzstraße from 1880 and the criminal police building on Humboldtstraße in the Vendome barracks built in 1910 were in need of improvement.
As a result of the police reform in Lower Saxony in 1994, the police stations across the country and also in Braunschweig were renamed police commissioners . As part of the reform, the state riot police department in Braunschweig, based in the Gliesmarode district, was reduced in personnel. This created free space in their accommodation, which is the former Schill barracks. It was built in 1936 for the Reichswehr and has been used by the Lower Saxony riot police since 1952. In 2002 the police headquarters moved their headquarters from Münzstraße to the former barracks area. Only the 1st police station remained at the former headquarters. The building of the criminal police on Humboldtstrasse has been abandoned.
Pioneer of civil strife
At the beginning of the 1960s crime in Braunschweig increased rapidly due to serious crimes and assaults, so that in 1961 citizens demanded better protection from the Lower Saxony interior minister. In 1962, the police department set up a police unit that was unique in Germany and called itself the Nachtstreifenkommando (NStKdo). The associated police officers were on civil patrol in the city at night , initially with private cars and without radios. City crime soon fell by around 25%. This way of combating crime, especially nighttime street crime, served as a model for the police in other federal states. In 1970, the police unit was renamed as a civil patrol unit (ZSK), in 1994 as a civil patrol service (ZSD) and finally as a "disposition unit for fighting crime" (VE -K-).
Spectacular criminal cases
- 1945–47: Investigations into the serial murder of 12 cross-border commuters from east to west by Rudolf Pleil in the Harz region
- 1974: Homicide of Helga Eckensberger (bodily harm resulting in death and theft)
- 1977: Murder of a bank director's family of five in Braunschweig- Mascherode by Ferenc Sos
- 1997: Pastor Klaus Geyer from Beienroder kills his wife in an affect
Major police operations and disasters
- 1956: rowdy riots
- 2009: Mass collision on the BAB 2 near Braunschweig with 259 vehicles and 66 injured
- 2010: Train accident caused by a collision with a truck near Rüningen with 16 injured
organization
For a long time, the Braunschweig Police Department was only responsible for the area of the city of Braunschweig, but today, as an area authority, it encompasses large parts of the former Braunschweig district government and the Braunschweig region . The current (2011) structure of the police organization emerged from a significant reorganization of the Lower Saxony police in 2004. The police were removed from the four district governments that were dissolved in 2004. This resulted in the current six police departments in the area, previously there were only two urban police departments in the major cities of Braunschweig and Hanover.
Today (2011) the Braunschweig Police Department is subdivided into the five Police Inspections (PI) Braunschweig, Gifhorn, Goslar, Salzgitter / Peine / Wolfenbüttel, Wolfsburg / Helmstedt and a Central Criminal Inspectorate (ZKI). The Braunschweig rider and service dog leader squadron is part of the operations department in the administrative staff.
Braunschweig Police Station
The Braunschweig Police Department is responsible for the Braunschweig urban area. It is divided into:
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The specialist commissariats are part of the Central Criminal Police Service of the Braunschweig Police Department:
- Technical commissioner 1
- Technical commissioner 2
- Technical commissioner 3
- Technical commissioner 4
- Technical commissioner 5
- Technical commissioner 6
- Offenses committed by minors
Central criminal inspection
The ZKI includes the commissariats and special units:
- Specialized Commissioner for Organized and Serious Crime
- Commissariat for gang crime
- Specialized Commissioner for Economic Crime / Corruption
- MEK
- Management search
Authority manager
The Braunschweig Police Department had the following directors since it was founded:
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See also
literature
- Helmut Dohr: The Braunschweig Police Department in: Lower Saxony and its police: Published by the Lower Saxony Ministry of the Interior. Police-Technik-Verkehr-Verlagsgesellschaft, Wiesbaden 1979, pp. 165–171.
- Volker Dowidat: Police in the rearview mirror. The history of the Braunschweig Police Department. Döring Druck, Braunschweig 2003, ISBN 3-925268-23-5 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Volker Dowidat: Police in the rearview mirror. The history of the Braunschweig Police Department. P. 254: Intervene, Minister!
- ↑ Uwe Day: Sadism without borders. In: On the trail of crime. The most spectacular criminal cases in Lower Saxony. Schlütersche, Hannover 2006, ISBN 3-89993-717-1 .
- ↑ Gerhard Mauz : "We are all not clairvoyant" . In: Der Spiegel . No. 6 , 1975, p. 59-62 ( online ).
- ↑ When Ferenc Sos got the ransom, he killed the family in cold blood . In: Braunschweiger Zeitung , February 1, 2008.
- ↑ Uwe Day: Murder out of greed. In: On the trail of crime. The most spectacular criminal cases in Lower Saxony. Schlütersche, Hannover 2006, ISBN 3-89993-717-1 .
- ↑ Kathrin Pagendarm: The struggle for the truth. In: On the trail of crime. The most spectacular criminal cases in Lower Saxony. Schlütersche, Hannover 2006, ISBN 3-89993-717-1 .
- ↑ Sponsors of the Lower Saxony Police History Collection V .: Polizeigeschichte-Niedersachsen.de , literature list z. Sometimes with a summary of the future needs origin : ( Memento of the original from November 23, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Web links
Coordinates: 52 ° 16 ′ 53.5 ″ N , 10 ° 33 ′ 57.4 ″ E