Romance Studies

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Romance studies or Romance philology deals with the past and present of the Romance languages and literatures that emerged from Latin . This also includes the cultures of the language areas of Europe that were created through the Romanization and Latinization as well as the areas overseas that were added through colonization , especially in America and Africa.

definition

In this context one speaks of the Romania antiqua or the Romania nova . Former Romanized areas in which no Romance languages ​​are spoken today - in today's Great Britain, Southwest Germany, in the Balkans - are called Romania submersa . The basis of the Romance languages ​​is not written, classical, but spoken Latin, which is traditionally called Vulgar Latin and which is therefore difficult to reconstruct from written sources.

Romance studies thus mainly includes French , Italian , Spanish , Portuguese and Romanian , but also the smaller Romance languages ​​such as Catalan , Galician , Occitan , Romansh , Ladin , Friulian and Sardinian . Since it is extremely difficult to differentiate between languages ​​and dialects, the number of Romance languages ​​in the manuals varies between ten and sixteen. There are doubts, for example, about the designation of Asturian , Aragonese , Gascon and Corsican as separate languages. The Franco-Provencal is only spoken in different dialects, but has emerged no standard language without literature. The Romance-based Creole languages also belong to the subject area of ​​Romance Studies .

Because of the emergence of the Romance languages, Romance studies is regarded as a model for historical-comparative cultural studies : All Romance languages ​​are daughter languages ​​of Latin. Unlike other original languages, Latin (even if not Vulgar Latin) is very well documented. Therefore, dealing with the entire breadth of the Romance languages ​​was one of the peculiarities of the university subject Romance Studies, which initially constituted itself as a historical linguistics. Outside of Germany, this model has never been adopted on a large scale; in the various Romance countries, individual philologies of French, Italian, etc., but no Romance philology became established. For this reason, and because of the increasing specialization of knowledge, the original preoccupation with all Romance languages ​​in the context of a discipline increasingly takes a back seat and gives way to a more intensive preoccupation with the Romance languages ​​(as individual philologies). In often controversial scientific and professional policy discussions, the sub-subjects of Romance Studies are increasingly approaching the national philologies as they are established in the various Romance countries. One then speaks of Romanian Studies , Italian Studies , French Studies (also: Franko- or Gallo-Romance Studies), Hispanic and Lusitan Studies . Romance Studies also makes a contribution to Creole Studies .

Romance studies is divided into two main areas: Romance literature and Romance linguistics. Literature and linguistics expand into a comprehensive cultural studies.

Romance linguistics forms hypotheses about the exact process by which the Romance language family came into being. She tries to typologically grasp the similarities and differences between the Romance languages. In addition, the discipline includes the description of the variety structure (dialects, language levels and registers), the language structure and history of each individual Romance language. In the recent past, Romance linguistics has increasingly tried to take up suggestions from general linguistics, especially pragmatics, cognitive linguistics and syntax.

Development of a linguistic area

Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada (1243) in his History of the Iberian Peninsula was among the first to classify and write about Romance and other European languages . De Rada distinguished three major groups, which he divided into the Romance, Slavic and Germanic languages, and he also mentioned other languages, such as Hungarian and Basque . In the Spanish Renaissance , Andrés de Poza (1587) wrote down the first classification of the Romance languages. an overview of the Romance languages, which also included Romanian and retained its importance until the 18th century.

In Germany, Friedrich Diez, with his “Grammar of Romance Languages” from 1836 and for word research with the first “Etymological Dictionary of Romance Languages” from 1853, is considered the founder of scientific Romance studies. As the founder of the subject Romance Studies at the German universities as a comparative subject, his influence can still be seen today. His students in Bonn included u. a. Hugo Schuchardt , Gaston Paris and Adolf Tobler .

literature

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Introductions

Comprehensive presentations

  • Günter Holtus , Michael Metzeltin , Christian Schmitt (eds.): Lexicon of Romance Linguistics (LRL) . 12 volumes. Niemeyer, Tübingen 1988-2005.
  • Gerhard Ernst, Martin-Dietrich Gleßgen, Christian Schmitt u. a. (Ed.): Romance language history . 3 volumes. de Gruyter, Berlin 2003-2008.
  • Trudel Meisenburg / Christoph Gabriel: Romance Linguistics . 1st edition. UTB / BRO, Paderborn 2007
  • Hans Robert Jauß , Erich Köhler, Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht (ed.): Outline of the Romanesque literatures of the Middle Ages (GRLMA). 11 volumes. Winter, Heidelberg 1972-1993.
  • Wolf-Dieter Lange, Burghard Baltrusch a. a. (Ed.): Critical Lexicon of Contemporary Romance Literature (KLRG). Narr, Tübingen 1990ff.
  • Daniela Pirazzini: Theories and Methods of Romance Linguistics . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2013.

reference books

Scientific bibliography

  • Romance Bibliography / Bibliography romane / Romance Bibliography . Niemeyer, Tübingen 1961ff. (previously Journal for Romance Philology (ZrP) Supplements , Halle / Saale, then Tübingen 1875ff .; reporting period 1875–1913; 1924ff.)

Scientific journals

History of science

  • Hans Helmut Christmann : Romance studies and English studies at the German university in the 19th century. Their development as a subject and their relationship to German and classical philology . Academy of Sciences and Literature, Mainz 1985, ISBN 978-3-515-04465-3
  • Eugenio Coseriu , Reinhard Meisterfeld: History of Romance Linguistics . 4 vol. (Vol. 1 from the beginnings to 1492, vol. 2 from Nebrija to Celso Cittadini, vol. 3 from 1601 to 1818, vol. 4 from 1818 to Wilhelm Meyer-Lübke). Narr, Tübingen 2003-2008.
  • Klaus-Dieter Ertler (Hrsg.): Romance studies as a passion. Great moments in recent specialist history . LIT Verlag, Münster 2007, ISBN 978-3-8258-0273-8
  • Frank Estelmann, Pierre Krügel, Olaf Müller (eds.): Traditions of Entbegrenzung. Contributions to the history of romance science . Lang, Frankfurt am Main 2003, ISBN 978-3-631-50388-1
  • Stefan Gross: Ernst Robert Curtius and German Romance Studies of the Twenties. On the problem of national images in literary studies . Bouvier, Bonn 1980, ISBN 978-3-416-01583-7
  • Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht : On the life and death of the great Romanists. Biographical sketches by Carl Vossler , Ernst Robert Curtius , Leo Spitzer , Erich Auerbach , Werner Krauss . Hanser Verlag, Munich 2002, ISBN 978-3-446-20140-8
  • Frank-Rutger Hausmann : "Devoured by the vortex of events", in: German Romance Studies in the " Third Reich " . Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main 2000, ISBN 978-3-465-03584-8
  • Frank-Rutger Hausmann : “Also a national science? The German Romance Studies under National Socialism ”, in: Romance Journal for Literary History No. 22 (1998). Pp. 1–39 and 261–313, here online (PDF; 10.7 MB)
  • Willi Hirdt (Ed.): Romance Studies. A Bonn invention . 2 vols. Bouvier, Bonn 1993, ISBN 978-3-416-80605-3
  • Peter Jehle: "Periodization issues in the recent history of Romance studies", in: Grenzgang Nr. 8 (2001): pp. 32–44
  • Gerdi Seidel: On the life and survival of a 'luxury subject'. The early years of Romance studies in the GDR . Synchron Wissenschaftsverlag der Authors, Heidelberg 2005, ISBN 978-3-935025-79-9

On the crisis and the development prospects of Romance studies

  • Romance Journal for the History of Literature No. 29, Issue 3/4 (2005): Special issue “Romance Studies 2006: Revisionen, Positions, Visionen”, ISSN  0343-379X
  • Border crossings. Contributions to a modern Romance studies No. 23 (2005): Special issue "Romance Studies and Society: Future of Romance Studies - Romance Studies of the Future", ISSN  0944-8594
  • Quo vadis, Romania? Journal for a current Romance studies No. 29 (2007): Special issue “New challenges for Romance studies”, ISSN  1022-3169
  • Romanesque research. Quarterly journal for Romance languages ​​and literatures 120.3 (2008): “Forum” for the future development of Romance studies, ISSN  0035-8126
  • Wolfgang Dahmen , Günter Holtus , Johannes Kramer u. a. (Ed.): The importance of the Romance languages ​​in the Europe of the future . Narr, Tübingen 1996 (= Romanistic Colloquium IX), ISBN 978-3-8233-5073-6
  • Kian-Harald Karimi: “Les liaisons se portent en tout sens - On the encyclopedia of a cultural studies Romance studies”, in: Journal for Romance Philology . Vol. 122, Issue 1 (2006). Pp. 1-16.
  • Maria Lieber / Harald Wentzlaff-Eggebert: German-language Romance studies - for whom? . Synchron Wissenschaftsverlag der Authors, Heidelberg 2002, ISBN 978-3-935025-32-4
  • Fritz Nies / Reinhold R. Grimm (eds.): An "impossible subject". Balance sheet and perspectives in Romance studies . Narr, Tübingen 1988, ISBN 978-3-87808-698-7

See also

Web links

Wikisource: Romance Philology (1914)  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The following explanations are based on the literature given in section 3, unless otherwise stated
  2. ↑ Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada: De rebus Hispaniae
  3. ↑ Harald Haarmann : World history of languages. From the early days of man to the present. CH Beck, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-406-69461-5 , pp. 134-135
  4. ^ Andrés de Poza: De la antigua lengua, poblaciones, y comarcas de las Españas. 1587
  5. ↑ Wolfgang Sykorra : Friedrich Diez' etymological dictionary of the Romance languages and its sources. Romance studies and preparatory work 47th Romance studies at the university: Bonn 1973
  6. ↑ Older editions under "Archive", mostly free of charge, as .pdf on the publisher's website, each text can be called up individually