Eugenio Coseriu

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Eugenio Coseriu (actually Romanian Eugen Coșeriu [ euˈdʒen koˈʃerʲu ]; * July 27, 1921 in Mihăileni , then Kingdom of Romania , now Republic of Moldova ; † September 7, 2002 in Tübingen ) was a Romance studies and general linguist at the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen .

Live and act

Coseriu attended elementary school in his hometown Mihăileni from 1926 to 1931 and then moved to the Liceu Ion Creangă high school in Bălți , where he graduated in 1939.

He studied in 1939 and 1940 at the University of Iași and in 1940 continued his studies in Romance and Slavonic Studies at the La Sapienza University in Rome with the help of a scholarship from the Italian Cultural Institute . There he received his doctorate in 1944 with a thesis on the influence of French and Italian medieval poetry on South Slavic ( Su gli influssi della poesia epica francese medievale sulla poesia epica popolare degli Slavi meridionali ). In 1944 and 1945 he worked at the University of Padua , and from 1945 to 1949 at the University of Milan . From 1950 to 1958 he was professor of general and Indo-European linguistics at the University of Montevideo in Uruguay . During this period he published some of his most important works in Spanish, such as Sincronía, diacronía e historia (1958) and a classic of modern linguistics Teoría del lenguaje y lingüística general (1962).

Until his permanent position in Tübingen, he held various visiting professorships, for example at the University of Málaga and the University of Navarra . In addition, there was teaching at the universities in Coimbra , then from 1961 to 1963 at the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn and at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt am Main .

In the spring of 1963 he was given a "professorship for Romance Linguistics" at the University of Tübingen - primarily on the recommendation of Harri Meier from Bonn . He held this position until his retirement in 1991.

In 1981, at the same time as his sixtieth birthday, he received a commemorative publication in five volumes under the title Logos semantikos. Studia lingüística in honorem Eugenio Coseriu 1921–1981. Since 1977 he has been a full member of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences . In 1991 he was elected a corresponding member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences .

His research areas included language change , semantics and the causes of socially justified language variants . Coseriu also dealt with the structure of language and language functions as levels of competence .

Aristotle , Wilhelm von Humboldt and Ferdinand de Saussure , among others , were fundamental to Coserius' theory of language .

The Romance verbal system

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According to Coseriu, the categories of aspect and tense are always combined in one system in the Romance verbal system. Despite minor deviations in the individual Romance languages , he sees it in a synopsis. In the verbal system of the Romance languages, he refers to the synthetic verbal forms, which can be understood as simple tenses, and the analytical verbal forms, the verbal periphrases . For a more detailed analysis, he developed three sub-categories, structured the analysis on three levels, as he names it:

  • the design of time periods ,
  • the determination of points in time within the time periods,
  • the determination of certain aspect values ​​again for each point in time.

In these sub-categories he created further systems for analyzing the perspective circumstances in the Romance verbal system. It also describes the subsystem:

  • the time level,
  • the primary, secondary and tertiary perspective,
  • the show,
  • the phase and
  • the (partial) result.

in addition:

  • the duration,
  • the repetition and
  • completion

used for final consideration.

The time level

In the category of the time level, there is typically an ambiguity for the Romance languages, so the current level refers to the present tense in its center, while the non-current time level takes the past tense as its center. Thus, the current level is a construction that, starting from the present tense, would run through it as a timeline, on the other hand, one has to imagine the inactual time level, with the past tense in the center, as a background to that first timeline. In Romania, the imperfect tense is to a certain extent to be equated with the inactuality.

The perspective

Coseriu differentiates first of all into a parallel, retrospective and a prospective perspective; they do not determine tenses, but rather periods of time. The perspective shows the position or attitude of the speaker to the verbal act. In doing so, she determines periods of time at every time level, but not tenses. Perspectives can be further subdivided into a primary, secondary and a tertiary perspective. The speaking time of the speaker is the primary point of reference ( deixis ) and the action is classified as either parallel, retrospective or prospective to the speaker.

For the definition of the concept of the primary perspective, Coseriu takes on the relation of the speaker and his idea of ​​the action to be promised, whether he anticipates these actions prospectively, or whether he looks back on the (remembered) actions retrospectively, or whether he is parallel, looks forward. The category of perspective would not describe the time level, the tenses, but rather time periods or the duration on each time level.

The categorization of the primary and secondary perspectives and time levels using the example of the Spanish language , representative of the other Romance languages, according to Eugenio Coseriu:

Example "hacer" Currently Past (retrospective) Present (parallel) Future (prospective)
Current time level primary Pretérito indefinido Presente Futuro simple
primary hice hago haré
secondary Pretérito perfecto Presente Futuro próximo
secondary hey hecho voy a hacer
Time level not up to date primary Imperfecto de subjuntivo Pretérito imperfecto Conditional simple
primary hiciera hacía haría
secondary Pretérito pluscuamperfecto Pretérito imperfecto Futuro perfecto
secondary había hecho hacía habré hecho

look

A verbal act can be viewed by the speaker in an opposition pair of the whole, global or excerpts, partial show. The global view expresses itself in the holistic view of the action and contrasts with the partial view of the action.

Language variety in the Coseriu model

The concept of variety (see also variation ), or language variety, is understood in linguistics as a specific expression of a single language that supplements, extends or modifies this single language, but cannot exist independently of it. However, one speaks of variety only if the language forms of an examined group clearly show linguistic similarities. In the "model of the variety space", Eugenio Coseriu differentiates between varieties according to their function in:

  • diaphasic (in relation to the communicative context: intention, style)
  • diastatic (in relation to the social class: "gutter language")
  • diatopic (geographical reference: dialects (vernacular), regiolects ) dimension.

For diastatic varieties, the identity of the speaker (e.g. youth language , idiolect , women's language, men's language) and membership of a class or group ( sociolect , see also the Bernstein hypothesis ) are decisive. Diaphasic varieties are characterized by functional and situational orientation (e.g. technical language , colloquial language ). Eugenio Coseriu describes the specific variety structure of a single language as the architecture of language.

Publications

  • Teoria del lenguaje y linguistica general. Madrid 1973.
  • Sincronia, diacronia e historia. Madrid 1973.
  • Principos de semantica estructural. Madrid 1978.
  • El hombre y su lenguaje. Madrid 1977.
  • Tradicion y novedad en la ciencia del languaje. Madrid 1977.
  • Gramatica, semantica universales. Madrid 1978.
  • Lecții de lingvistică generală. Chișinău, ARC Publishing House, 2000.
  • Limbaj și politică. In: Revista de lingvistică și știință literară. 5/1996.
  • Latinitatea orientală. In: Limba Română este patria mea. Studii. Comunicări. Documents. Chișinău, 1996, pp. 15-31.
  • Unitatea limbii române - planuri și criterii. Ibidem, pp. 205-121.
  • El llamado latín vulgar y las primeras diferenciaciones romances: breve introducción a la lingüística románica. Universidad de la República, Montevideo 1954. OCLC 559690750
  • with Horst Geckeler: Trends in structural semantics. (= Tübingen contributions to linguistics. 158). Narr, Tübingen 1981.

Publications in German (translations)

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wolf Dietrich : Obituary for Eugenio Coseriu ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ). In: Mitteilungen des Deutschen Hispanistenverband eV No. 20 (February 2003) Frankfurt am Main 2003, ISSN  1431-6765 , pp. 6-8.
  2. ^ Members of the HAdW since it was founded in 1909. Eugenio Coseriu. Heidelberg Academy of Sciences, accessed on July 14, 2016 .
  3. ↑ Member entry by Eugenio Coseriu (with a link to an obituary) at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences , accessed on January 19, 2017.
  4. ^ The overall structure of language according to Eugenio Coseriu, (Recop.) Justo Fernández López, Hispanoteca
  5. ↑ Eugenio Coseriu: The Romance Verbal System. Tuebingen contributions to linguistics. Volume 66, Gunter Narr, Tübingen 1976, ISBN 3-87808-066-2 , p. 91 (digitized version)
  6. ↑ see also verbal phrase
  7. ↑ Eugenio Coseriu: The Romance Verbal System. Tuebingen contributions to linguistics. Volume 66, Gunter Narr, Tübingen 1976, ISBN 3-87808-066-2 , p. 115.
  8. ↑ Sarah Dessì Schmid: Aspectuality: An onomasiological model using the example of the Romance languages. (= Supplements to the Journal for Romance Philology. Volume 382). Walter de Gruyter, 2014, ISBN 978-3-11-033444-9 , p. 32.
  9. ↑ Ulrike Schwall: Aspectuality: a semantic-functional category. (= Tübingen Contributions to Linguistics. Volume 344). Gunter Narr Verlag, Tübingen 1991, ISBN 3-8233-4207-X , p. 128 f.
  10. ↑ Eugenio Coseriu: The Romance Verbal System. (= Tübingen Contributions to Linguistics. Volume 66). Gunter Narr, Tübingen 1976, ISBN 3-87808-066-2 , p. 93.
  11. ↑ Heidi Aschenber: Theoría de la gramática. La concepción de Eugenio Coseriu. In: Odisea. no 3, 2003, ISSN  1578-3820 , pp. 55-68. online (PDF)
  12. ↑ Eugenio Coseriu: The Romance Verbal System. (= Tübingen Contributions to Linguistics. Volume 66). Gunter Narr, Tübingen 1976, ISBN 3-87808-066-2 , p. 94.
  13. ↑ Sarah Dessì Schmid: Aspectuality: An onomasiological model using the example of the Romance languages. (= Supplements to the Journal for Romance Philology. Volume 382). Walter de Gruyter, 2014, ISBN 978-3-11-033444-9 , p. 33.
  14. ↑ Sandy United Nick: The tense system in French. Presentation, University of Leipzig, November 29, 2006
  15. ↑ see also Pretérito indefinido the only Spanish tense that can characterize the aspect of perfection
  16. ↑ The Spanish verbal system - Sistema verbal español. Justo Fernández López, Hispanoteca
  17. ↑ Eugenio Coseriu: Historical Language 'and' Dialect '. In: J. Göschel, P. Ivic, K. Kehr (eds.): Dialekt und Dialektologie. Results of the international symposium "On the theory of dialect". Marburg / Lahn, 5th – 10th Sept. 1977. Wiesbaden 1980, pp. 106-122.
personal data
SURNAME Coseriu, Eugenio
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Coșeriu, Eugen (Romanian spelling)
SHORT DESCRIPTION Romanian Romance studies and general linguist
BIRTH DATE July 27, 1921
PLACE OF BIRTH Mihăileni , then Romania , now the Republic of Moldova
DATE OF DEATH September 7, 2002
PLACE OF DEATH Tubingen