Erich Auerbach

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Erich Auerbach (born November 9, 1892 in Berlin , † October 13, 1957 in Wallingford , Connecticut , United States ) was a German literary and cultural scholar and Romance philologist . After his German citizenship was withdrawn in 1940, he was stateless until 1945. After his emigration in 1947, he received American citizenship.

As part of the National Socialist persecution of Jews , Auerbach, who succeeded Leo Spitzer as a professor at the University of Marburg from 1930, was retired as a Jew on the basis of Section 3 of the Reich Citizenship Act (November 14, 1935) on December 31, 1935 . After a call to the University of Istanbul, under the pressure of the political situation, he emigrated with his family to Turkey in 1936, where he taught for eleven years, also here in the successor to Leo Spitzer, as a professor of "Western European philology", who also taught for the organization of the practical training in the foreign languages ​​was responsible.

Since Auerbach's hope of returning to the chair of a German university remained unfulfilled after the Second World War, he emigrated from Turkey to the USA in 1947, where he was able to continue his academic career.

With Karl Vossler , Leo Spitzer , Ernst Robert Curtius and others, Auerbach was one of the most important representatives of his subject. His main work Mimesis , created in exile between 1942 and 1945 . Reality represented in Western literature is still one of the fundamental works of German Romance studies with a great history of impact.

Life

Berlin: 1892-1929

Auerbach was born to Jewish parents. His father was from Posen originating Commerce Hermann Auerbach (1845-1914), who worked in the sugar trade and Pink Block had married (1858-1925). Erich Auerbach grew up as a child of the German educated bourgeoisie and was accepted into the Royal French Gymnasium in Berlin in September 1900 , from which he graduated in autumn 1910.

Auerbach first studied law at the universities of Berlin, Freiburg, Munich and Heidelberg and received his doctorate in Heidelberg in 1913 under the criminal lawyer Karl von Lilienthal on the subject of participation in the preparatory work for a new criminal code .

At the First World War Auerbach took 1914-1918 as a volunteer part. In April 1918 he was seriously wounded in northern France and was awarded the Iron Cross .

After being released from the hospital, Auerbach studied Romance philology at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität in Berlin and received his doctorate for a second time in 1921 under Erhard Lommatzsch , whom he had followed to the University of Greifswald , with a dissertation on the topic: On the technology of the early Renaissance novelle in Italy and France .

In 1922 Auerbach passed the 1st state examination for the higher teaching post at grammar schools in the subjects French and Italian, but joined the Prussian library service as a volunteer on April 1, 1923 and was a regular librarian at the Prussian State Library in Berlin from April 1, 1927

Marburg: 1929-1936

In 1929, Auerbach was recommended by Karl Vossler for his habilitation with Leo Spitzer at the University of Marburg . Auerbach, who was a library councilor, was transferred from the Prussian State Library to the University Library of Marburg and habilitated under Leo Spitzer in the summer semester of 1929 with the font Dante as a poet of the earthly world , on which he had worked since 1926.

After Leo Spitzer had accepted a call to the University of Cologne in the spring of 1930, Auerbach was appointed to represent it on April 26, 1930, and on October 28, 1930, he was appointed full professor at the chair for Romance philology in Marburg.

Auerbach's further career was determined by the law for the restoration of the civil service of April 7, 1933, with which Jewish civil servants were removed from service as part of the racial goals of the NSDAP. Since, according to Paragraph 3, Paragraph 2, the so-called front fighter privilege was applied to him, he was initially able to remain in office.

Although Auerbach had sworn the "loyalty oath of German officials" to Adolf Hitler on September 19, 1934, a letter was sent to him on October 16, 1935, in which the curator of the University of Marburg Ernst von Hülsen Auerbach was immediately on duty in all of him on leave from positions held at the university. This was preceded by a conversation the day before (October 15, 1935), in the course of which Auerbach stated that the decree of the Reich and Prussian Ministers for Science, Education and Public Education of October 14, 1935 applies to him. In the letter of dismissal dated December 18, 1935, Auerbach was informed that he would be retired on December 31, 1935 on the basis of Section 3 of the Reich Citizenship Act of September 15, 1935 and the 1st Ordinance of November 14, 1935. Erich Auerbach was officially retired on January 1, 1936. Auerbach's pupil, the private lecturer Werner Krauss , who had also taken over his lectures, had already been commissioned to act as the director of the Romance Department.

Istanbul: 1936-1947

On July 20, 1936, Auerbach received a call to the University of Istanbul through the mediation of the Emergency Association of German Scientists Abroad .
With an application dated July 20, 1936, Auerbach informed the Reich Minister for Science, Education and Public Education that, because of his retirement and the fact that he was 44 years old, he wanted to accept the call and for the long term the initial five-year obligation from October 15, 1936 to ask for permission to move his residence to Istanbul. The authorities in Berlin approved this application in September 1936. However, she requested two reports from the university because Auerbach's activity was not in the German interest and his assessment was politically unfavorable. The positive report by the curator Ernst von Hülsen of November 30, 1936 justified why he had advocated the relocation of the residence from Marburg to Istanbul. The second report by the Nazi lecturer leader was negative and described Auerbach as an anti-Nazi person who was not to be expected to represent the interests of the Third Reich abroad.

In the summer of 1937, Erich Auerbach and his family returned to Germany for a five-week visit, Marie Auerbach again alone for a few weeks in the summer of 1938, a trip that the son Clemens Auerbach (1923-2004) later called " an act of utter madness ”(“ an act of utter madness ”).

During Auerbach's activity in Istanbul he was monitored by the German Consulate General, which reported to Berlin on January 4, 1941 that he had abstained from any political activity and that nothing negative was known about him. After Auerbach's employment contract expired in 1941 and its extension by the Turkish authorities, the Reich Minister for Science, Education and National Education on February 7, 1941, did not approve of Auerbach's request to keep his residence in Germany. Erich Auerbach's expatriation was published in the Reichsanzeiger on June 7, 1940. This meant that Auerbach and his family lost their German citizenship, the assets could be confiscated, and pension claims forfeited.

After Auerbach's emigration in 1936 with his wife Marie, b. Mankiewitz (1892–1976) and his son (Clemens 1923–2002) moved to Istanbul, where he succeeded Leo Spitzer as professor of European philology and head of the foreign language school at Istanbul University . Spitzer and Auerbach's work was important for the reform of Istanbul University, especially for the establishment of the Faculty of Western Languages ​​and Literatures and the Institute for Romance Studies. Auerbach's main work Mimesis was created here between May 1942 and April 1945 . Depicted Reality in Occidental Literature , which was published by Francke Verlag Bern at the end of October 1946 and was published in 1959 in an improved 2nd edition expanded with a chapter on Cervantes.

USA: 1947-1957

After the Second World War, after working for eleven years at the University of Istanbul, Auerbach explored the possibility of returning to the chair of a German university. As a reputation failed and was disappointed by the moderate success of the reform efforts, Auerbach emigrated to the United States in 1947 to create a new livelihood for himself. He was:

Erich Auerbach died of cardiorenal disease on October 13, 1957 in Wallingford , Connecticut. His grave is in "The People's Cemetery" in New Haven.

"Intention and Method"

In 1938, based on an ancient rhetorical-theological term (incarnation of the word) used by Augustine, Auerbach introduced the modern concept of figuration , which is closely related to the problem of the interrelationship between word and image as a form of representation of (historical) reality mimesis . His second major work, written in exile in Istanbul, is dedicated to this question .

Auerbach worked in an interdisciplinary manner and combined different methodological approaches, for example from the Warburg , Troeltsch and George circles as well as from the Vienna School of Art History . Interdisciplinary, he was recognized as an important Romance studies and cultural philosopher .

Works (selection)

  • Participation in the preparatory work for a new criminal code . Frensdorf, Berlin 1913 (also Heidelberg, legal dissertation 1913).
  • On the technique of the early riser amendment in Italy and France . Carl Winters University Bookstore, Heidelberg 1921 (at the same time Greifswald, Phil. Dissertation 1921). (2nd revised edition 1971).
  • Giambattista Vico : The new science about the common nature of the peoples (= Philosopher Collection , Vol. 1). Translated from the edition of 1744 and introduced by Erich Auerbach. Allgemeine Verlagsanstalt, Munich 1925. (Reprints: de Gruyter, Berlin 2000 and 2010. With an afterword by Wilhelm Schmidt-Biggemann).
  • Benedetto Croce : The philosophy of Giambattista Vico (= collected philosophical writings in German translation , part: series 2, smaller philosophical writings . Vol. 1). Translated by Erich Auerbach. 2nd Edition. JCB Mohr, Tuebingen 1927.
  • Dante as a poet of the earthly world . de Gruyter, Berlin 1929. (Submitted as a habil. 1929). (2nd edition, with an afterword by Kurt Flasch , Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-11-017039-6 ).
  • Figura . In: Archivum Romanicum. Nuova Rivista di Filologia Romanza diretta da Giulio Bertoni . Olschki, Genève., Vol. 22, 1939. pp. 436-489.
  • The French audience of the 17th century (= Munich Romanesque works . Vol 3). Hueber Verlag, Munich 1933 (2nd unchanged edition 1965).
  • New data studies . Europa-Verlag, Zurich 1944. Contains:
- Sacrae scripturae sermo humilis (first published in Neuphilologische Mitteilungen , Helsingfors, 1941, pp. 57-67, reviewed, changed or supplemented).
- Figura (first published in: Archivum Romanicum. Nuova Rivista di Filologia Romanza diretta da Giulio Bertoni . Olschki, Genève, 22 (1939), pp. 436-489, reviewed, changed or supplemented).
- Francis of Assisi in the comedy .
  • Introduction aux études de philologie romane . Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main 1949 (2nd edition 1961, 3rd edition 1964). (Turkish edition: Roman Filologisine Giriş , translated from the French by Süheyla Bayrav, İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakanschesi Yayın- larından 236, Roman Filolojisi Şubesi 4 (Istanbul: İbrahim Horoz Basımevi, 1944)).
  • Mimesis. Reality represented in Western literature . Francke Verlag, Bern 1946. (2nd improved and expanded edition 1959 (= Dalp Collection. Vol. 90). 3rd, unchanged edition, Bern 1964. 9th edition, Bern 1994. 11th edition, Bern 2015, ISBN 3- 7720-8565-2 ). (Translations into numerous languages). (Review: Gerhard Hess: MIMESIS. On Erich Auerbach's history of occidental realism . In: Romanische Forschungen 61. Bd., 2./3. H. (1948), pp. 173-211. Reprinted in: Gesellschaft, Literatur, Wissenschaft. Gesammelte Schriften 1938–1966 . Ed. By Hans Robert Jauss and Claus Müller-Daehn. W. Fink, Munich 1967 (edition for the 60th birthday, with bibliography).
  • Four studies on the history of French education . Francke Verlag, Bern 1951. (Contains: La cour et la ville. On Pascal's political theory. Paul-Louis Courier. Baudelaire's “Fleurs du Mal” and the sublime ).
  • Philology of World Literature . In: World literature. Commemoration for Fritz Strich . Francke Verlag, Bern 1952. pp. 39-50.
  • Typological motifs in medieval literature (= writings and lectures of the Petrarca Institute Cologne , 2). Scherpe Verlag, Cologne 1953.
  • Literary language and audience in Latin late antiquity and in the Middle Ages . Francke Verlag, Bern 1958. (Contains: Introduction (About intention and method). Sermo humilis. Latin prose of the early Middle Ages. Camilla or about the rebirth of the sublime. The occidental audience and its language).
  • Collected essays on Romance philology . Francke Verlag, Bern 1967 (therein: List of publications, pp. 365–369). (2nd edition edited and supplemented by essays, primary bibliography and afterword by Matthias Bormuth and Martin Vialon. Narr Francke Attempto, Tübingen 2018, ISBN 9783772056413 ).
  • Philology of World Literature. Six experiments on style and perception of reality (= Fischer Taschenbuch 11474 / Fischer Wissenschaft). Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1992, ISBN 3-596-11474-8 . (The texts are taken from the volume "Erich Auerbach: Collected Essays on Romance Philology ". Francke Verlag, Bern 1967).
Additional edition: Fischer Taschenbuch, Frankfurt am Main 2015, ISBN 3-596-30799-6 . (Also as a digital edition from Fischer-Digital, Frankfurt am Main 2015 ISBN 3-10-560801-X ).
  • Culture as politics: essays from exile on the history and future of Europe 1938-1947 , edited by Christian Rivoletti; from Turkish by Christoph Neumann, Konstanz University Press, Konstanz 2014.
  • Erich Auerbach: The Scar of Odysseus: Horizons of World Literature / Edited and with an introduction by Matthias Bormuth . Berenberg Verlag, Berlin 2017. ISBN 9783946334262 .

literature

  • Personal file Erich Auerbach: Hessisches Staatsarchiv (StA) Marburg, Best. 310, acc. 1978/15, No. 2216, PA Prof. Dr. Erich Auerbach.
  • Auerbach, Erich . In: Romanists Lexicon. ed. by Frank-Rutger Hausmann . Accessible online at [2] .
  • Karlheinz Barck , Martin Treml (ed.): Erich Auerbach. History and topicality of a European philologist. With contributions by Karlheinz Barck, Petra Boden and others and a CD with the only surviving recording of a lecture by Erich Auerbach, given in March 1948 at the Pennsylvanian State College . Kulturverlag Kadmos, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-86599-026-6 (with 1 CD)
(The volume was published on the 50th year of Auerbach's death and contains the contributions from the conference from December 9, 2004 to December 11, 2004 in the Literaturhaus Berlin, Berlin-Charlottenburg. Program of the conference: [3] ).
(Short version in Turkish : Litera. Istanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakanschesi Batı Dilleri ve Edebiyatatları Dergisi, Sayi 17, Istanbul Üniversitesi Basım ve Yayınevi Müdürlüğu 2005, pp. 177–210).
  • Frank-Rutger Hausmann : " From the realm of mental famine". Letters and documents on the Romance specialist history in the Third Reich . Königshausen and Neumann publishing house, Würzburg 1993, ISBN 3-88479-584-8 .
  • Frank-Rutger Hausmann: "Devoured by the vortex of events". German Romance Studies in the 'Third Reich' (= Analecta Romanica, vol. 61), 2nd revised and updated edition. Klostermann Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2008, ISBN 978-3-465-03584-8 .
  • Hans Helmut Christmann and Frank-Rutger Hausmann [eds.] In connection with Manfred Briegel: German and Austrian Romanists as persecuted by National Socialism (= Romanica et Comparatistica. Linguistic and literary studies , Vol. 10) Stauffenburg Verlag, Tübingen 1989, ISBN 3 -923721-60-9 .
  • Markus Bauer: Reality and its literary representation. Form and history: the essayist Erich Auerbach continues to employ his exegetes . In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung (NZZ) from February 2, 2008.
  • Kader Konuk: East-West Mimesis. Auerbach in Turkey. Stanford University Press , 2010, ISBN 978-0-8047-6974-7
  • Utz Maas : persecution and emigration of German-speaking linguists 1933-1945 . Stauffenberg Verlag, Tübingen 2010, ISBN 978-3-86057-016-6 .
Vol. 1. Documentation. Introduction and bibliographical data A-Z .
Vol. 2. Evaluations. Persecution, emigration, specialist history, consequences, with registers and research bibliography (with CD).
Erich Auerbach. in the online version:
  • Hans-Jörg Neuschäfer : Erich Auerbach and the end of mimesis. In: Romance Journal for the History of Literature (RZLG). Winter Verlag, Heidelberg. 38 (2014), pp. 157-170.
  • Hans-Jörg Neuschäfer: Sermo humilis. Or: what we distributed with Erich Auerbach. In: German and Austrian Romanists as persecuted by National Socialism (= Romanica et Comparatistica. Linguistic and literary studies , Vol. 10), edited by Hans Helmut Christmann and Frank-Rutger Hausmann in conjunction with Manfred Briegel. Stauffenburg Verlag, Tübingen 1989, ISBN 3-923721-60-9 , pp. 85-94.
  • Sigrid Nökel: Said , orientalism, exile. The ambivalence of exile existence between rupture and re-fundamentalization of one's own . In: Georg Stauth and Faruk Birtek (eds.): Istanbul. Spiritual wanderings from the "world in pieces" . Bielefeld, Transcript 2007, ISBN 3-89942-474-3 (pp. 131–155). (About the effect of Erich Auerbach on Said).
  • Sebastian Sobecki:  Erich Auerbach. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 26, Bautz, Nordhausen 2006, ISBN 3-88309-354-8 , Sp. 55-71.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive  on 2007-06-30)
  • Martin Vialon: Philology as Critical Art. An unknown Vico typescript by Erich Auerbach on Giambattista Vico's philosophy (1948) in the context of “Mimesis” (1946) and with regard to “Philology of World Literature” (1952). In: Helga Schreckenberger (Ed.): The Alchemy of Exile. Exile as a creative impulse Edition Praesens Verlag, Vienna 2005, pp. 227–251. Reprinted in: Litera. Journal of Western Literature . Istanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakanschesi Batı Dilleri ve Edebiyatatlan Dergisi, Sayi 17, Istanbul: Istanbul Üniversitesi Basım ve Yaymevi Müdürlüğu 2005, pp. 177–210.
  • Martin Vialon (Ed.): Erich Auerbach. Yabanın Tuzlu Ekmeği. Erich Auerbach'tan Seçme Yazılar (German: The Salty Bread of Foreigners), Metis Seçkileri Publishing House, Istanbul 2010, ISBN 978-975-342-782-1
  • Martin Vialon: Erich Auerbach's hidden Judaism and his Istanbul obituary for the orientalist Karl Süssheim . In: Kalonymos / (Ed.) Salomon Ludwig Steinheim Institute for German-Jewish History at the University of Duisburg-Essen, Rabbinerhaus Essen. ISSN 1436-1213. 18 Issue 2 (2015), pp. 3–9.
  • Martin Vialon (ed.): A letter from Erich Auerbach in exile from Istanbul to Freya Hobohm in Marburg, with a postscript from Marie Auerbach. Transcription and Commentary In: Trajectories. Journal of the Center for Literary and Cultural Research Berlin . Center for Literary and Cultural Research, Berlin. Issue No. 9 of October 5, 2004, pp. 8-17.
  • Martin Vialon: Auerbach addresses . Single phenomenon . Fascism . Had we but time enough and world . Istanbul . Romance and realism . In: Bernhard Dotzler / Robert Stockhammer (Ed.): Auerbach Alphabet. Karlheinz Barck on his 70th birthday . Trajectories. Journal of the Center for Literary and Cultural Research . Special issue. Center for Literary Research, Berlin 2004, pp. 5, 6–7, 8, 13–15, 22–23.
  • Martin Vialon: The Scars of Exile. Paralipomena concerning the Relationship between History, Literature and Politics, demonstrated in the Examples of EA, Traugott Fuchs and their Circle in Istanbul In: Yeditepe'de Felsefe 2. A refereed Yearbook, Istanbul: TC Yeditepe Üniversitesi Yayinlari, July 2003, p. 191 -246
  • Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht: On the life and death of the great Romanists . Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich 2002, ISBN 978-3-446-20140.
  • Martin Vialon: About images, mimesis, a conversation about the novel and the film. Erich Auerbach and Siegfried Kracauer . In: Michael Ewert and Martin Vialon (eds.): Convergences. Studies on German and European literature. Festschrift for E. Theodor Voss Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2000, pp. 157–167.
  • Martin Vialon: 50 years of "Mimesis". Perceiving, reading, interpreting. Erich Auerbach's reading of modernism . In: Literature at 11 / New Literary Society “Literature at 11” e. V., Marburg. University Press Rasch, Osnabrück. ISSN 0932-4623, No. XIV, 1997, pp. 181-184.
  • Martin Vialon: Walter Benjamin - Erich Auerbach. Personal acquaintance and elaboration of a theory of human perception for the art media literature and film . In: Jörg Leinweber (Ed.): Walter Benjamin Collection J. Leinweber Foreword by Iring Fetscher . Richard Mayr, Würzburg 1996, pp. 121-126.
  • Martin Vialon: Erich Auerbach. On the life and work of the Marburg Romanist in the time of fascism . In: Jörg Jochen Berns (Hrsg.): Marburg pictures. A matter of opinion. Testimonies from five centuries (= Marburg city writings on history and culture , 52 (vol. 1), 53 (vol. 2)). Rathaus-Verlag, Marburg 1996, Vol. 2, ISBN 3-923-820-53-4 , pp. 383-408. (More detailed presentation in: Lendemains. Etudes comparées sur la France / Comparative France Research, Narr, Tübingen, 1994 issue 75/76, pp. 135–155).
  • Martin Vialon: A Marburg scholar in exile on the Bosporus. For the 100th birthday of the Romanist Erich Auerbach . In: Marburger Universitäts-Zeitung for former students / (Ed.) The President of the Philipps University of Marburg. Issue No. 230 of December 17, 1992, p. 5.
  • Hanna Engelmeier, Friedrich Balke: Mimesis and Figura . With a new edition of the "Figura" essay by Erich Auerbach (= Medien und Mimesis Vol. 1). 2nd, corrected edition. Wilhelm Finck Verlag, Paderborn 2018, ISBN 978-3-7705-6386-9 . ISBN: 978-3-8467-6386-5. (1st edition 2016).
  • Matthias Bormuth : Erich Auerbach. Cultural philosopher in exile . 1st edition. Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2020, ISBN 978-3-8353-3662-9 . (Review: January Knobloch: Christian Matthias founded Bormuth about Erich Auerbach in exile. . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitumg (FAZ) from Friday 14 08 2029. feuilleton ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Since the Nuremberg Race Laws were repealed by the Allied Control Council Law No. 1 of September 20, 1945, Auerbach was also a German citizen again at the time of emigration from Turkey to the USA.
  2. ↑ a b Martin Vialon: Erich Auerbach's hidden Judaism and his Istanbul obituary for the orientalist Karl Süssheim . Kalonymos 18 issue 2 (2015), pp. 3–9.
  3. ↑ s. Karlheinz Barck: Erich Auerbach in Berlin. Forensics and a portrait . In: Karlheinz Barck / Martin Treml (eds.): Erich Auerbach. History and topicality of a European philologist . Kulturverlag Kadmos, Berlin 2007. ISBN 978-3-86599-026-6 . Pp. 195-214. Quoted in: Martin Vialon (ed.) And you will learn how the bread of the stranger tastes so salty. Erich Auerbach's letters to Karl Vossler, 1926–1948 . Edited by Martin Vialon with an afterword. Ulrich Keicher Verlag, Warmbronn 2007. ISBN 978-3-938743-53-9 , p. 31.
  4. ↑ Erich Auerbach: Participation in the preparatory work for a new criminal code . Frensdorf, Berlin 1913 (also Heidelberg Jur. Dissertation 1913).
  5. ↑ He was shot in the foot and from then on had to wear orthopedic shoes as a disabled person. See: Martin Vialon: Erich Auerbach. On the life and work of the Marburg Romanist in the time of fascism . In: Jörg Jochen Berns (Hrsg.): Marburg pictures. A matter of opinion. Evidence from five centuries (= Marburg city writings on history and culture 52 (vol. 1), 53 (vol. 2)). Rathaus-Verlag, Marburg 1996, vol. 2, ISBN 3-923-820-53-4 , p. 404, note 59.
  6. ↑ Auerbach wrote his state examination thesis with the Berlin historian Ernst Troeltsch .
  7. ↑ s. Martin Vialon (Ed.): And you will experience how the bread of the stranger tastes so salty. Erich Auerbach's letters to Karl Vossler 1926–1948 . Edited by Martin Vialon with an afterword. Ulrich Keicher Verlag, Warmbronn 2007. ISBN 978-3-938743-53-9 . P. 32.
  8. ^ Catalogus professorum academiae Marburgensis. The academic teachers at the Philipps University of Marburg . Marburg 1979. Vol. 2. From 1911 to 1971 , edited by Inge Auerbach. P. 462f.
  9. ↑ The decree concerns “the Jewish officials who are descended from three or four of the race after fully Jewish grandparents”. Marburg State Archives, Sign. 305a, Acc. 1978/15, No. 4002, quoted in: Martin Vialon: Erich Auerbach. On the life and work of the Marburg Romanist in the time of fascism . In: Jörg Jochen Berns (Hrsg.): Marburg pictures. A matter of opinion. Testimonies from five centuries (= Marburg city writings on history and culture , 52 (vol. 1), 53 (vol. 2)). Rathaus-Verlag, Marburg 1996, Vol. 2, ISBN 3-923-820-53-4 , p. 394.
  10. ↑ In this 1st ordinance on the Reich Citizenship Act of November 14, 1935, the dismissal of the Jewish civil servants was also ordered, who, like Auerbach, remained in office according to the provisions of the combatant privilege .
  11. ↑ All information according to the Erich Auerbach file in the Marburg State Archives Sign. 310, Acc 1978/15, No. 2261. quoted in: Martin Vialon: Erich Auerbach. On the life and work of the Marburg Romanist in the time of fascism . In: Jörg Jochen Berns (Hrsg.): Marburg pictures. A matter of opinion. Testimonies from five centuries (= Marburg city writings on history and culture , 52 (vol. 1), 53 (vol. 2)). Rathaus-Verlag, Marburg 1996, Vol. 2, ISBN 3-923-820-53-4 , p. 395.
  12. ↑ Clemens Auerbach: Summer 1937 . In: Karlheinz Barck , Martin Treml (ed.): Erich Auerbach. History and topicality of a European philologist. With contributions by Karlheinz Barck, Petra Boden and others and a CD with the only surviving recording of a lecture by Erich Auerbach, given in March 1948 at the Pennsylvanian State College . Kulturverlag Kadmos, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-86599-026-6 (with 1 CD), p. 500.
  13. ↑ With the eleventh ordinance on the Reich Citizenship Act of November 25, 1941, a Jew lost his German citizenship "with the transfer of his habitual residence abroad". See also: Law on the revocation of naturalizations and the withdrawal of German citizenship . The expatriation of Erich Auerbach and his family was already published in the expatriation list 180.11 of June 7, 1940. See: Michael Hepp (ed.): The expatriation of German citizens 1933–45 according to the lists published in the Reichsanzeiger . Vol. 1: Lists in chronological order . Vol. 2: Name register . Vol. 3: Register of places of birth and last place of residence . De Gruyter Saur, Munich et al. 1985, ISBN 978-3-11-095062-5 . Quoted in: Frank-Rutger Hausmann: “ From the realm of mental famine”. Letters and documents on the Romance specialist history in the Third Reich . Königshausen and Neumann publishing house, Würzburg 1993, ISBN 3-88479-584-8 . P. 4, note 10.
  14. ↑ It was actually an escape from further persecution and is also referred to as such in Auerbach research. The 44-year-old Auerbach was forced to create a new livelihood after his forced release.
  15. ↑ Spitzer had accepted a professorship at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore , Maryland, in the United States in 1936 .
  16. ↑ Chapter 14 "The Enchanted Dulcinea" was added to the Spanish translation in 1949.
  17. ↑ A possibility of employment in East Germany, which Werner Krauss envisaged, via a temporary visiting professorship at the Humboldt University in East Berlin, was out of the question for Auerbach. Only in 1953 did he officially receive an appointment from Marburg. (In a letter of August 25, 1948 to Freya Hobohm, Auerbach had written: "The Marburgers have called me again ..."). See: Martin Vialon: Five souvenirs from the treasure chest of the Marburg novelist Freya Hobohm. Ottilie and Werner Krauss, Leo Spitzer and Erich Auerbach. In: Romance Studies. Supplement 4, 2018, p. 470.
  18. ↑ Auerbach and his wife arrived in Baltimore in September 1947. Her son Clemens Auerbach (1923–2002) had been in Cambridge since 1946. He studied chemistry. See: Martin Vialon: Five souvenirs from the treasure chest of the Marburg novelist Freya Hobohm. Ottilie and Werner Krauss, Leo Spitzer and Erich Auerbach . In: Romance Studies . Supplement 4, 2018, p. 462.
  19. ↑ Area 63 A, Section 3.
    s. Martin Vialon: "The catastrophes of the last century have made it that I don't belong anywhere ...". Erich Auerbach as a literary sociologist and author of "Mimesis" . In: Open Horizons. Yearbook of the Karl Jaspers Society . Edited by Matthias Bormuth. Wallstein-Verlag, Göttingen 2017, ISBN (E-Book pdf) 978-3-8353-4161-6), 4 (2017), p. 127. (Available on books.google.de)
  20. ↑ Süheyla Bayrav (1914-2008) was a student and Auerbach's successor on his chair after Auerbach's departure to the United States in the year 1947th
  21. ↑ Another list of writings, including letters, from Georg Stauth and Faruk Birtek, in the bio-bibliographical appendix to their book at Transcript, see below under Literature
  22. ↑ Review by Markus Bauer: on [1]
  23. ↑ Review of this edition by Martin Vialon in: Zeitschrift für Germanistik 3 (1994), pp. 699–703.
  24. ↑ Essays: “Archeology of the Present” Erich Auerbach: Culture as Politics , Review by Carsten Hueck in Deutschlandradio Kultur on April 21, 2014, accessed April 21, 2014
  25. ^ Review by Cord-Friedrich Berghahn in Zeitschrift für Germanistik , XVIII, 3-2008. Pp. 699-703.
  26. ↑ also as an e-book ISBN 978-0-8047-7575-5 . Excerpts can be read in google books .
  27. ↑ Dirk Naguschewski: Review in H-Soz-Kult . April 8, 2011.
  28. ^ Persecution and emigration of German-speaking linguists 1933–1945. Founded by Utz Maas.
  29. ↑ Auerbach and Goethe finally in Turkish , FAZ of November 10, 2010, p. N4
personal data
SURNAME Auerbach, Erich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German literary scholar and Romance philologist
DATE OF BIRTH November 9, 1892
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin , German Empire
DATE OF DEATH October 13, 1957
Place of death Wallingford , Connecticut , United States