Law on the revocation of naturalizations and the withdrawal of German citizenship
The law on the revocation of naturalizations and the revocation of German citizenship of July 14, 1933 (with the implementing ordinance of July 26, 1933) allowed naturalizations that had taken place after the November Revolution to be revoked. The people affected thereby lost their German citizenship . Reich citizens who were abroad could be deprived of their German citizenship because of their political behavior and their assets could be confiscated.
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All naturalizations that were now regarded as undesirable and that had been carried out between November 9, 1918 and January 30, 1933 could be revoked by the state authorities or the responsible Reich Minister. This possibility of withdrawing the acquired citizenship was limited to two years.
German nationals who stayed abroad and who, through their behavior, violated “the duty of loyalty to the Reich and the people” and damaged “German interests”, could have their citizenship withdrawn. German citizenship could also be withdrawn from people who did not comply with an invitation to return. Their assets could be confiscated and fell into the hands of the German Reich after two years at the latest .
The expatriation became legally effective with the publication of the name in the Deutsches Reichsanzeiger . The first expatriation list of the German Reich of August 25, 1933 covered a total of 33 prominent opponents of National Socialism , either who had fled because of the terror associated with the Nazi takeover or who had lived abroad for a long time .
Effects
Immigrant citizens, primarily around 16,000 “ Eastern Jews ” who had meanwhile acquired German citizenship, were now in danger of becoming stateless . Political refugees had to fear for the loss of their citizenship and property in activities that were directed against the National Socialists .
Initially, the law primarily served the purpose of controlling the conduct of political opponents. It later became an instrument for plundering Jewish emigrants . The National Socialist rulers were able to appropriate the assets left behind by Jews with apparent legality by initiating a procedure that ended with the revocation of German citizenship and - associated with this - the confiscation of assets.
Even the unauthorized departure of a Jew was considered a violation of the “duty of loyalty to the kingdom and people” and could lead to his expropriation. According to Heinrich Himmler's secret decree of March 30, 1937, “ racially abusive activity” or the failure to pay taxes and duties by an emigrant was “ behavior harmful to the people ” that was intended to entitle them to withdraw their citizenship.
Supplementary regulations
The wording of the law did not make it possible, with apparent legality, to expropriate those Jews who had remained in the German Reich . This "confiscation of assets" - according to the bureaucratic technical terminology - was only covered by a recourse to other laws from 1933 and a later enactment, although the wording and literal sense of these laws could only be used to derive a justification indirectly by giving the person concerned a lump sum "people - and subversive efforts ". Jews in a camp in their deportation to Theresienstadt in the former Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia were waiting, received from the bailiff a formal disposal handed, was drafted by their assets. By the end of 1941, such a complicated formal procedure was also carried out with those deportees who were sent to areas not considered foreign under Reich law, such as the General Government and the Reich Commissariats Ostland and Ukraine . The printed certificate contained the following text:
“On the basis of § 1 of the law on the collection of communist property of May 26, 1933 [...] in conjunction with the law on the collection of property that is hostile to the people and the state of July 14, 1933 [...] in conjunction with the decree of the Führer and Reich Chancellor on the utilization of the confiscated property of enemies of the Reich of May 29, 1941 (RGBl. 1941 I, 303) the entire property withdrawn from the Jewess XY ... "
At the end of November 1941, the Eleventh Ordinance to the Reich Citizenship Law stipulated that Jewish deportees automatically lost their citizenship when they crossed the border abroad and their property fell to the state. In the technical terminology of the administrative bureaucracy this was called "asset collapse". On December 3, 1941, the territories occupied in the east were declared "abroad within the meaning of this ordinance", so that in the case of deportations, a formal document was only issued if Theresienstadt was the destination.
In a decree of the Reich Security Main Office of March 2, 1942, it says that "the efforts of the deported Jews, to which the 11th DVO of the Reich Citizenship Act could not be applied, were anti-people and anti-state."
Expiry
According to Article IIb of the Allied Control Council Act No. 1 of September 20, 1945, the law could be regarded as repealed. It was suspended at the latest as a result of the contradiction to Art. 16 Paragraph 1 in conjunction with Art. 123 Paragraph 1 of the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany of May 23, 1949.
Article 116, Paragraph 2 of the Basic Law establishes a right to re- naturalization upon request.
literature
- Klaus Pfeiffer, Joachim Rott: The first expatriation list from August 25, 1933 , Berlin 2016, Hentrich & Hentrich ISBN 978-3-95565-085-8 ( Topography of Terror . Notes, Volume 9)
Web links
- Law on the revocation of naturalizations and the withdrawal of German citizenship of July 14, 1933, verfassungen.de, accessed on October 25, 2017
- Berthold Schenk von Stauffenberg formulated a response to foreign criticism of the law in The Deprivation of Citizenship and International Law - A Response . Journal for Foreign Public Law and International Law (ZaöRV) JG 1934. The reply applies to an article by Georges Scelle in Revue Générale de Droit International Public of 1934, in which he criticizes the law on the revocation of naturalizations and the denial of German citizenship .
- Aryanization / expropriation by linking two laws
Individual evidence
- ↑ RGBl. 1933 I p. 538.
- ^ Dorothee Mußgnug: The Reich flight tax 1931–1953. Berlin 1993, ISBN 3-428-07604-4 , p. 41; Implementation ordinance of July 26, 1933 (RGBl. I, 438) / exact number 16,258 for: Götz Aly and Henz Roth: The complete collection. FiTb 14787, Frankfurt / M. 2005, ISBN 3-596-14767-0 , p. 71.
- ^ Hans-Dieter Schmid: 'Finanztod' - The cooperation between the Gestapo and the financial administration in the plundering of Jews in Germany. In: Gerhard Paul, Klaus-Michael Mallmann (ed.): The Gestapo in the Second World War . Darmstadt 2000, ISBN 3-89678-188-X , p. 143.
- ↑ Wolf Gruner: Resistance in Rosenstrasse… , Frankfurt / M. 2005, ISBN 3-596-16883-X , p. 68.
- ↑ Hans-Dieter Schmid: Finanztod ... , p. 151.
- ↑ Document printed by Hans Günther Adler: The secret truth. Theresienstadt documents. Tübingen 1958, p. 61 / text also in: Walther Hofer: Der Nationalozialismus. Documents 1933-1945. FiTb, Frankfurt / M. 1977, ISBN 3-596-26084-1 , p. 299 [Doc. 172 para. 3]
- ↑ Christiane Kuller: 'First principle: hoarding for the Reich Finance Administration.' The exploitation of the property of the deported Nuremberg Jews. In: Birthe Kundrus , Beate Meyer (ed.): The deportation of the Jews from Germany. Göttingen 2004, ISBN 3-89244-792-6 , p. 166.
- ^ Hans-Dieter Schmid: Finanztod ... , pp. 150–151.
- ^ Fauck: Confiscation of Jewish property before the 11th DVO was passed on the Reich Citizenship Law. In: Expert opinion of the Institute for Contemporary History, Vol. 2, Stuttgart 1966, p. 25.
- ↑ Entitled naturalization ( memento of the original from October 25, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Website of the Federal Office of Administration , accessed on October 25, 2017.
