Frontline fighter privilege

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An exception to the National Socialist laws of 1933 in the German Reich directed against Jews was designated as the front-line fighter privilege . It temporarily protected Jewish officials who had fought at the front in World War I from being released. This provision was contained in the law on the restoration of the civil service , in the law on admission to the legal profession , and in numerous other laws and ordinances that, for example, restricted the admission of Jewish students and doctors .

occurrence

The front fighter privilege was based on a letter from Hindenburg to Hitler on April 4, 1933, in which he wrote:

"In the last few days I have been informed of a whole series of cases in which war-damaged judges, lawyers and judicial officers who were impeccably managed were given compulsory leave and are to be released later because they are of Jewish descent."

This treatment of war-damaged civil servants was "completely unbearable" for him, because:

"If they [it] were worth fighting for Germany and bleeding, they should also be seen as worthy to continue to serve the fatherland [...]."

As a result, an exception was included in Section 3 (2) of the first version of the law to restore the professional civil service of April 7, 1933. The exception concerned Jewish "civil servants who have been civil servants since August 1, 1914 or who fought at the front for the German Reich or for its allies in the World War or whose father or sons died in the World War."

content

In a first implementing regulation of April 11, 1933, it was stated:

“If a civil servant has not already been a civil servant on August 1, 1914, he has to prove that he is of Aryan descent or front soldier, the son or father of someone who died in the World War. Proof must be provided by presenting documents (birth certificate and marriage certificate of the parents, military papers). "

A little later it was defined in an executive order that the combatant had to prove a combat mission at the front.

consequences

These provisions initially made it possible for a large number of “non-Aryan” officials to continue working. To the surprise of the National Socialist anti-Semites, almost 50 percent of the Jews affected were able to provide the required evidence. However, this exception, which was specifically applicable to dismissals according to § 3 BBG, was often circumvented, especially in the case of civil servants, in that Jewish civil servants were simply dismissed on the basis of § 6 BBG (reduction of redundant jobs that could be saved). However , at the end of 1935, the Reich Citizenship Act with its First Implementation Ordinance also removed the last Jewish officials from their offices.

By the 5th ordinance to the Reich Citizenship Law , all Jewish lawyers were revoked on November 30, 1938. A few were allowed to continue working as consultants .

Other laws

There was also a special position of Jewish front-line fighters and their children in:

See also

literature

  • Raul Hilberg : The annihilation of the European Jews ( Fischer 10611 story ). Volume 1. Revised and expanded edition. Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1990, ISBN 3-596-10611-7 , p. 88 f.
  • Walter Hubatsch : Hindenburg and the state. From the papers of the General Field Marshal and Reich President from 1878 to 1934. Muster-Schmidt, Göttingen et al. 1966 (full text of the Hindenburg letter and Hitler's reply, p. 375 ff.)

Web links

  • Internet journal for legal history Hans-Christian Jasch: The Prussian Ministry of Culture and the “elimination” of “non-Aryan” and politically disliked professors at the Berlin University in the years 1933 to 1934 due to the law on the restoration of the civil service of April 7, 1933.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ First ordinance for the implementation of the law to restore the professional civil service. From April 11, 1933 ( documentarchiv.de ).
  2. ↑ Third ordinance for the implementation of the law for the restoration of the professional civil service of May 6, 1933 (RGBl. I p. 245) / 3rd DVO of May 6, 1933, RGBl. I, p. 247
  3. ^ Peter Longerich : Politics of Destruction. An overall presentation of the National Socialist persecution of the Jews. Piper, Munich et al. 1998, ISBN 3-492-03755-0 , p. 42/43.
  4. ↑ Ralf Oberndörfer: "... are to be retired." On the persecution of Jewish judges and public prosecutors in Saxony during National Socialism. Saxon State Ministry of Justice (editor), 2008, p. 29 ( online , accessed February 19, 2018).