Horst Mahler

This article deals with the lawyer, for the palaeontologist see Horst K. Mahler .

Horst Mahler (left) in Leipzig with Christian Worch on September 1, 2001

Horst Werner Dieter Mahler (born January 23, 1936 in Haynau , Lower Silesia ) is a former lawyer , left- wing terrorist and today's neo-Nazi .

Mahler was temporarily a member of a striking student association , a member of the SPD and the Socialist German Student Union (SDS). As a co-founder of the Socialist Lawyers' Collective , he represented many activists of the student movement , including later members of the Red Army Faction (RAF), of which he was one of the founders in 1970. In the same year he was arrested and then sentenced to 14 years imprisonment, among other things for bank robbery.

In 1975 he refused his release in exchange for Peter Lorenz , kidnapped by the June 2nd Movement . Mahler himself repeatedly emphasized the influence of reading Hegel during his imprisonment, which he tried to interpret in an anti-Semitic way in his own sense . In 1980 Mahler was paroled and in 1987 he was again admitted to the bar .

Mahler has been part of the right-wing extremist milieu since the late 1990s . He was temporarily a member of the NPD and represented the party in the ban proceedings . At the turn of the millennium, Mahler was one of the heads of the German College . On December 14, 2003, Mahler published the proclamation of the Reich Citizens' Movement . He was sentenced to further fines and imprisonment for various offenses, including unconstitutional activity, Holocaust denial , threats of murder and violence, anti-Semitic and neo-Nazi remarks. He is currently in custody.

resume

Horst Mahler was born the third of four children of the dentist Willy Mahler (1900–1949) and his wife Dorothea (1901–1975). His uncle was the SA leader Reinhold Nixdorf . In an interview with Israeli reporter Naftali Glicksberg, Mahler reported that his mother tearfully told him that there were also Jews among his ancestors. The family fled the advancing Red Army from Silesia to Naumburg in 1945 , later they moved to Dessau-Roßlau . His father, a staunch National Socialist , shot himself in 1949. According to his own statements, Horst Mahler had a traumatic experience in his youth: Although he was influenced by anti-communism at home, he allowed himself to be chairman of the FDJ in 1949 at the age of 13 for opportunistic reasons - Group to be made at his school; he said that he had been promised that he would be able to study later. Soon afterwards the family “moved” to West Berlin .

As a scholarship holder of the German National Academic Foundation , Mahler studied law at the Free University of Berlin and was there in 1953/1954 a member of the striking student union Landsmannschaft Thuringia . In 1956 he joined the SPD , which had decided that party affiliation was incompatible with membership in striking connections. He took this as an opportunity to leave the "Thuringia" at the final convention. When Mahler also joined the Socialist German Student Union, the SPD was expelled from the party in 1961 in accordance with a corresponding incompatibility resolution . Mahler wanted to become a journalist in 1962 and sent a manuscript to Die Zeit . In it he took a critical look at Helmut Schmidt's (SPD) defense policy and called for Germany to leave NATO . The manuscript was not printed.

After passing the assessor exam , Mahler founded a law firm in West Berlin in 1964 and specialized in medium-sized businesses . He had previously worked in the law firm of the prominent defense attorney Dietrich Scheid, who represented the SDS in later trials and also served as legal advisor to the publisher Axel Springer . From 1964 onwards, Mahler became known to a wider public as a defender in the nationally acclaimed Thyssen Bank trial . With a complaint against the prolonged pre-trial detention of the accused financial broker Karl-Heinz Wemhoff, he was successful in 1966 as the first German lawyer at the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg.

From the SDS to the RAF

On June 6, 1970 Mahler and 9 RAF members fled to Jordan via Beirut for combat training. Travel receipt in the House of History in Bonn

From 1964 he was involved in the extra-parliamentary opposition , especially as a lawyer for students who were prosecuted. During this time he openly represented political positions that were very similar to those of the SED , and maintained contacts with representatives of the GDR and the Soviet Union . In the summer of 2011, Bild am Sonntag reported on alleged findings by the Berlin public prosecutor that Mahler had worked for the GDR's Ministry for State Security from 1967 to 1970 . The article was picked up by numerous media and received a lot of public attention. The public prosecutor's office immediately denied the representation in a press release, and Mahler himself ruled out any cooperation with the Stasi.

Until 1970 he defended, among others, Beate Klarsfeld , the communards Fritz Teufel and Rainer Langhans , the student leader Rudi Dutschke , the son of the SPD chairman and vice chancellor Peter Brandt , who was accused in 1967 of demonstration crimes, and the department store arsonists Andreas Baader and Gudrun Ensslin . In the proceedings against the police officer Karl-Heinz Kurras , who shot Benno Ohnesorg , Mahler represented the Ohnesorg family, who appeared as joint plaintiffs .

On May 1, 1969, Mahler and Klaus Eschen , Ulrich K. Preuss and Hans-Christian Ströbele founded the Socialist Lawyers 'Collective in Berlin, which existed until the Republican Lawyers' Association was founded in 1979. In 1970 he was involved in founding the RAF and planned the liberation of Baader and three bank robberies in September 1970. After Baader's liberation, he fled to Jordan with over 20 other RAF members in order to be trained there for "armed struggle".

On October 8, 1970, he was arrested in Berlin and later sentenced to 14 years imprisonment for bank robbery and prison release. Hans-Christian Ströbele and Otto Schily took over his defense . The later Federal Minister of the Interior, Schily, brought him to prison the complete edition of Hegel's works, the reading of which Mahler claims to have had a major influence on.

In 1974 Mahler was expelled from the RAF.

On 27 February 1975, the "kidnapped 2nd of June Movement " Peter Lorenz , the CDU top candidate in the election to the Berlin House of Representatives to the dismissal of Mahler and of Verena Becker , Gabriele Kröcher-Tiedemann , Rolf Pohle , Ingrid Siepmann and Rolf Blackmail hotter. On March 1, 1975, Mahler announced in the ARD Tagesschau that he was rejecting the exchange.

While in custody, he held talks with Federal Interior Minister Gerhart Baum (FDP), which were published as a book in 1980. He was also visited by the political scientist Iring Fetscher and the social philosopher Günter Rohrmoser ; both were members of the commission set up by the social-liberal federal government to research the spiritual causes of terrorism .

In 1980 Mahler's lawyer, the federal chairman of the Young Socialists Gerhard Schröder , obtained a suspended sentence after two-thirds of his prison sentence had expired . Mahler's honorary probation officer was the Protestant theologian Helmut Gollwitzer . In 1988, Schröder helped Mahler to be re-admitted to the bar at the Federal Court of Justice . During these years Mahler was politically close to the FDP . Mahler and Schröder later visited Günter Rohrmoser in Stuttgart together.

Turning to right-wing extremism

Mahler gave a laudation on Günter Rohrmoser's 70th birthday in Stuttgart on December 1, 1997 in front of his guests, including Hans Filbinger . In it he called u. a., “occupied” Germany must free itself from its “ debt bondage ” to the upright walk of its “national identity”. Former companions in the SDS such as Günter Langer as well as the political scientist Alfred Schobert saw this as a coming out of a conservative or right-wing radical sentiment. Rohrmoser, on the other hand, declared in 1998 that his and Mahler's positions were identical with regard to the “effect of the 68ers destroying religion and moral substance ”, and that he characterized Mahler's attitude as “national-Christian conservatism” with regard to their cultural-revolutionary goals. Mahler then gave an interview to the weekly newspaper Junge Freiheit and published a number of articles there from April 17, 1998. In December 1998, together with Bernd Rabehl and Peter Furth, he was a speaker at the "Bogenhausener Talks" organized by the Munich fraternity of Danubia .

In 1998 he was the founder of the German national movement for our country . This calls on all Germans to join it, "so that Germany remains German." Together with the functionary of the Association of Free Citizens , Torsten Witt , he organized Monday demonstrations with participants such as Andreas Storr against the planned Holocaust memorial , first in Berlin, later also in Frankfurt / Main .

In the following years Mahler came into contact with NPD members. With Franz Schönhuber , Mahler published the book End with German self-hatred in 2000 . The singer-songwriter Frank Rennicke was the first client from the right-wing extremist scene. On August 12, 2000, Mahler joined the NPD. In his press release it was stated that he considered the Basic Law to be a "provisional solution for the transitional period until the German Reich was able to act again". From 2001 to 2003 Mahler represented the NPD before the Federal Constitutional Court when the federal government tried unsuccessfully to ban the NPD. Most of his pleadings to the court consisted of ideological passages of various origins. He argued with his own experiences APO -time with the undercover agent Peter Urbach .

In 2003, after the ban proceedings were terminated, Mahler resigned from the NPD on the grounds: "The NPD is a party oriented towards parliamentarianism, therefore out of date and - like the parliamentary system itself - doomed to extinction."

After leaving the NPD

In November 2003, Mahler founded the association for the rehabilitation of those persecuted for denying the Holocaust , which was banned from the constitution in 2008 and to which, in addition to himself, a number of well-known Holocaust deniers belonged.

Mahler has also represented anti-Semitic positions since his release from prison . The basis is an anti-Semitic interpretation of German idealism , in which he sees Germanness and Judaism dialectically juxtaposed. By overcoming this contradiction, he hopes to work out the “objective spirit”. From February 2004 he was a co-founder of the right-wing extremist Deutsches Kolleg, together with Reinhold Oberlercher and Uwe Meenen, before the Berlin Regional Court for sedition . The reason was a pamphlet published by them in October 2000 with the title Declaration of the uprising of the decent , in which, among other things, the ban on Jewish communities in Germany, the expulsion of all asylum seekers , "all foreigners who have become unemployed" and other measures of this kind were demanded. Mahler was also accused that in September 2002 with his approval at the party headquarters of the NPD in Berlin-Köpenick, a document had been distributed to journalists in which hatred of Jews was described as an "unmistakable sign of an intact spiritual immune system".

After threatening the judges, lay judges and the public prosecutor with the death penalty under the Reich Criminal Code and making anti-Semitic statements in the court, the Tiergarten district court issued a temporary ban on the practice of Mahler on April 8, 2004. Similar death threats were made to members of the German Bundestag and two lawyers from the Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen party . The prosecution brought new charges against the anti-Semitic comments. During the trial, the district court ordered Mahler to be assessed by a psychiatric expert. He was eventually sentenced to nine months' imprisonment. Since Mahler and the Deutsches Kolleg advocated the establishment of a " 4th Reich " and considers the day of the unconditional surrender of the Wehrmacht to be the last legal status in Germany , he and his arguments are well known in the Reich Citizens' Movement , which denies the legality of the Federal Republic.

According to Mahler, the Jews "work consciously to subvert the spirits of the people and strive to rule over the peoples ". That is why, according to Mahler, " the protocols of the Elders of Zion - even if they are falsified - are authentic testimonies to the Jewish spirit ".

In order to prevent Mahler's participation in the Tehran Holocaust Denial Conference (which took place December 11-12, 2006), the Brandenburg authorities revoked his passport in January 2006 for a period of six months . The Ministry of the Interior justified this by saying that Mahler would seriously damage the reputation of the Federal Republic of Germany with renewed anti-Semitic remarks at this conference. This is to be prevented legally.

Convictions and sentences

Mahler was convicted again in another process for incitement to hatred, in which right-wing extremist and Holocaust denier Sylvia Stolz represented him as a lawyer.

Conviction at the Cottbus Regional Court in 2008

When he entered prison on November 15, 2006 for the closed execution in the penal institution Cottbus-Dissenchen , according to the police, Mahler showed the Hitler salute and called out "Heil" to around 35 followers. For this, the Cottbus regional court sentenced him on July 22, 2008 to a further eleven months' imprisonment without parole. The prosecution and defense appealed against a previous judgment of the Cottbus district court (with a sentence of six months). At the Potsdam district court further charges are charges of incitement against Mahler. The Süddeutsche Zeitung reported on November 23, 2007 about a registered letter from Mahler to the mayor of his place of residence in Ebersberg . In it he again denied the Holocaust and glorified National Socialism .

Conviction at the Erding District Court in 2008

In an interview with Vanity Fair magazine in September 2007, Mahler greeted his interviewee Michel Friedman with the words: "Heil Hitler, Herr Friedman" and denied the Holocaust in the course of the conversation. On April 28, 2008, he was sentenced to ten months' imprisonment without parole by the Erding District Court for sedition and insult. Mahler revision appealed against the verdict. He did not deny what he said to Friedman. The revision was rejected in 2009 as unfounded.

Conviction at the Regional Court of Munich II in 2009

Mahler aimed at a number of other criminal trials in order to use them as a stage for his purposes. “I'm sitting here because I want to sit here,” Mahler told the judge on January 12, 2009 at the opening of one of the many proceedings and at the same time again denied the Holocaust in court. He had previously filed a criminal complaint against himself.

On February 25, 2009 he was sentenced to six years imprisonment by the Munich II district court for sedition. The judgment has been final since August 10, 2009 . After the verdict was announced in Munich, he was arrested in the courtroom.

Conviction at the Potsdam Regional Court in 2009

By judgment of the 4th major criminal chamber of the Potsdam Regional Court on March 11, 2009, Horst Mahler is again closed for incitement to hatred in 15 cases - including the sentences from the Hamburg Regional Court of January 20, 2005 and the Mainz Local Court of September 9, 2002 a total sentence of two years and four months, in addition to a total sentence of two years and ten months for sedition in four cases. With the convictions of the Munich II regional court in February 2009, Mahler was sentenced to a total of twelve years imprisonment for sedition.

Proceedings of the Berlin Bar Association 2009

In mid-July 2009 he was withdrawn from the Berlin Bar Association.

Prison in the JVA Brandenburg ad Havel

He is serving his sentence in the Brandenburg ad Havel correctional facility . In the period from November 2012 to March 2013, he wrote on a computer in the prison an extensive work entitled The end of wandering - thinking about Gilad Atzmon and the Jewish community , in which he explicitly in his theses on the Jewish critics of Israel Gilad Atzmon moved . Parts of this document have since been published on the Internet. The more than 200-page text was classified as anti-Semitic, the computer was subsequently confiscated and external contacts were strictly controlled. In May 2014 the Cottbus public prosecutor brought charges of incitement against Mahler.

Break in prison due to illness

In July 2015, the Potsdam public prosecutor granted Mahler a break from prison due to his poor health. In the course of a severe infection , during which his left lower leg had to be amputated , Mahler developed severe sepsis . Because of the acutely life-threatening condition, he was transferred from the prison hospital to the intensive care unit of the Brandenburg City Hospital . At the beginning of August 2015, his health had improved so much that he was planning rehabilitation. In September 2015, the Penal Enforcement Chamber of the Potsdam Regional Court decided that Horst Mahler, who had been spared due to his health condition, should be released on probation after serving two-thirds of his ten-year prison sentence. The Munich II public prosecutor's office lodged a complaint against this. At the beginning of 2016, the Brandenburg Higher Regional Court lifted the suspension of the sentence on probation. The correctional facility as well as the public prosecutor's office had spoken out against an early release, since further criminal offenses were to be expected and Mahler had a “solidified criminal personality structure”. The Higher Regional Court of Brandenburg followed this view and found that a positive social prognosis for a life free of punishment was not to be expected. The Berliner Tagesspiegel reported in March 2017 that Mahler was on the loose because of a penalty . The responsible Munich public prosecutor's office does not comment on this decision because enforcement proceedings are "generally not public". According to this report, Mahler used the break to appear again with lectures in right-wing extremist circles, especially NPD events.

Arrested after escaping from prison

On April 19, 2017, Mahler published a video in which he announced his refusal to return to prison. Since then he has been on the run. The Munich II public prosecutor's office issued a European arrest warrant . On May 15, 2017 it became known that Mahler had asked for asylum in Hungary in a personally addressed letter to Viktor Orbán , but was then arrested by the Hungarian authorities in Sopron on the border with Austria and was initially detained in deportation . On June 6, 2017, a decision by the Budapest City Court for extradition to Germany became known. Mahler was handed over to the German authorities about a week later at Budapest Airport. He was brought back to the Brandenburg ad Havel penal institution to serve out his remaining sentence of three and a half years. Mahler is imprisoned in Brandenburg because of the proximity to his place of residence in Kleinmachnow , his last registration address before imprisonment.

In 2018 Mahler's right lower leg also had to be amputated. As a result, requests for discharge from Mahler and the Brandenburg prison because of “multimorbid diseases” were rejected by the Munich II public prosecutor at the end of November 2018, despite the expected death on the grounds that “the necessary palliative care in the last phase of life” was sufficient in the prison hospital Mahler could be moved to an external clinic in an emergency and guarded there. She assumed that "a death according to the medical reports is likely". Furthermore, in view of Mahler's significant acts and his behavior during the break in custody, the public prosecutor's office cited “overriding public security interests” because it could not be “ruled out with the necessary certainty that further crimes will not be committed”.

literature

• Wolfgang Kraushaar : The RAF's blind spots . Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 2017, ISBN 978-3-608-98140-7 , pp. 299–327. * Alexander Gallus (Ed.): Meinhof, Mahler, Ensslin. The files of the German National Academic Foundation. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2016, ISBN 978-3-525-30039-8 .
• Michael Fischer: Horst Mahler. Biographical study on anti-Semitism, anti-Americanism and attempts to defend against German guilt . KIT Scientific Publishing, Karlsruhe 2015, ISBN 978-3-7315-0388-0 . Full text at KIT Scientific Publishing .
• Manuel Seitenbecher : Mahler, Maschke & Co. - Right thinking in the 68 movement? , Ferdinand Schöningh, Paderborn, 2013, ISBN 978-3-506-77704-1
• Eckhard Jesse : Biographical portrait: Horst Mahler. In: Yearbook Extremism & Democracy. 13, 2001, ISSN  0938-0256 , pp. 183-199.
• Stefan Aust : The Baader Meinhof Complex . Hoffmann and Campe, Hamburg 1985, ISBN 3-455-08253-X (new edition, ibid. 2008, ISBN 978-3-455-50029-5 ).
• Martin Jander : Horst Mahler. In: Wolfgang Kraushaar (ed.): The RAF and left-wing terrorism. Volume 1. Hamburger Edition, Hamburg 2006, ISBN 3-936096-65-1 , pp. 372-397.
• Rainer Erb , Andreas Klärner: Anti-Semitism for the creation of meaning in world history - Horst Mahler in court . In: Yearbook for Research on Antisemitism . 14, 2005, pp. 111-134.
• Friedrich Paul Heller , Anton Maegerle : The language of hatred. Right-wing extremism and ethnic esotericism - Jan van Helsing and Horst Mahler. Butterfly Verlag, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-89657-091-9 .
• Uwe Backes : Terrorist Biographies: Horst Mahler. In: Ders .: Leaden years. Baader-Meinhof and afterwards (= series Extremism and Democracy . Vol. 1). Straube, Erlangen a. a. 1991, ISBN 3-927491-36-5 , p. 135 ff.
• Axel Jeschke, Wolfgang Malanowski (Ed.): The Minister and the Terrorist. Conversations between Gerhart Baum and Horst Mahler (= Spiegel Book 1). Rowohlt, Reinbek near Hamburg 1980, ISBN 3-499-33001-6 .

Movie

• The Lawyers - A German Story (2007–2009), director: Birgit Schulz , website with film trailer .

Web links

Commons : Horst Mahler  - Collection of Images

• Literature by and about Horst Mahler in the catalog of the German National Library
• Writings by Horst Mahler online
• Nadine Chmura, Regina Haunhorst: Biography Horst Mahler in the LeMO ( DHM and HdG )
• Dossier on Horst Mahler at Spiegel Online

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Michael Fischer: Horst Mahler - Biographical study on anti-Semitism, anti-Americanism and attempts to defend against German guilt . Ed .: Bernd Thum, Hans-Peter Schütt. Institute for Philosophy, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), p. u. a. 29 .
2. ↑ Proclamation of the Reich Citizens' Movement ( Memento from June 2, 2004 in the Internet Archive )
3. ↑ To the following Martin Jander Horst Mahler. In: Wolfgang Kraushaar (ed.): The RAF and left-wing terrorism. Hamburg 2006, vol. 1, p. 372 ff.
4. ↑ שונאים, סיפור אמיתי. In: Ynet . April 3, 2005, accessed August 3, 2015 (Hebrew, documentary series on anti-Semitism). 
5. ↑ Malte Herwig: Two left, two right. In: Zeitmagazin, August 11, 2011, p. 32.
6. ↑ Willi Winkler : A ZEIT conversation with ex-terrorist Horst Mahler about apo, the path to terror and reconciliation with the Basic Law. In: Die Zeit vom May 2, 1997 ( online , accessed August 6, 2011).
7. ↑ Alexander Gallus: A beginning that did not let the end wait. The study donors Meinhof, Mahler, Ensslin, Vesper and the elite funding of the early Federal Republic - a file reading. In: Jahrbuch Extremismus & Demokratie, 24/2012, ISBN 978-3-8329-7999-7 , pp. 13-29.
8. ^ Markus Gail: Student Associations in Frankfurt am Main: Famous (and notorious) corporates. .
9. ↑ Michael Sontheimer : Horst Mahler on the run. Lawyer, RAF founder, Nazi . Der Spiegel , January 24, 2017.
10. ↑ Willi Winkler: Eyes East, Eyes West. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung of August 6, 2011, p. 13.
11. ↑ Baader / Meinhof: Law and Pistol. In: Der Spiegel of October 9, 1972, accessed December 7, 2015.
12. ↑ Michael Fischer: Horst Mahler. P. 436
13. ^ Rehse, Hans Joachim. In: Lexicon of Political Criminal Trials , accessed December 7, 2015.
14. ^ Lawyers / Mahler: Piece in the closet. In: Der Spiegel of March 25, 1968, accessed December 7, 2015.
15. ↑ Prison : Quickly exhausted. In: Der Spiegel of November 14, 1966, accessed December 7, 2015.
16. ↑ Final report of the Berlin public prosecutor's office: Was Horst Mahler a Stasi spy? In: Bild.de of July 31, 2011, accessed on August 4, 2015.
17. ^ Jochen Staadt : Journalists guess. Misjudgments: Horst Mahler's alleged Stasi work. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung from August 31, 2011.
18. ↑  Malte Herwig: Mahler and Rabehl: Two left, two right. In: zeit.de. August 11, 2011, accessed December 11, 2014 . 
19. ↑ Interview with Peter Brandt, Süddeutsche Zeitung, November 28, 2017, online : " Mahler defended me in 1968 for demonstration crimes. At that time he had an excellent reputation as a criminal defense lawyer. It was impossible to say that he would become a terrorist and later a right-wing extremist suspect. "
20. ↑ Dirk Kurbjuweit: Far left, far right, far above . In: Der Spiegel . No. 7 , 2002 ( online ).
21. ↑ How they became what they are. In: faz.net. November 18, 2009, accessed December 11, 2014 . 
22. ↑ Stefan Aust: The Baader Meinhof Complex. Third edition, 2008. Ebook without page numbers. See also: Die Gefangen aus der RAF: Declaration on the exclusion of Horst Mahler from the RAF of September 27, 1974, documented by the Social History Portal
23. ↑ The Lorenz kidnapping. In: nadir.org . October 14, 1997, accessed August 19, 2019 . 
24. ↑ Axel Jeschke, Wolfgang Malanowski: The Minister and the Terrorist. 1980.
25. ↑ Willi Winkler: Eyes East, Eyes West. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung of August 6, 2011, p. 13.
26. ↑ Is the end of the defundamentalization of culture in sight? - Thoughts on Günter Rohrmoser's 70th birthday ( memento from December 19, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Horst Mahler's speech on Günter Rohrmoser's 70th birthday, December 1, 1997.
27. ↑ Günter Langer: A conservative as a “mentor of the left”? A letter from Günter Langer to Horst Mahler. January 4, 1998, archived from the original on October 10, 2011 ; Retrieved April 21, 2011 . 
28. ↑ Gerhard Quast, Peter Krause: "The simple world view confuses". In: Junge Freiheit , April 24, 1998
29. ↑ ^{a b} Freedom for Horst Mahler
30. ↑ Torsten Witt (born 1963) in the Tagesspiegel
31. ^ Horst Mahler's neo-Nazi activities. Antifa information sheet , September 22, 1999.
32. ↑ Verkrachte Existenzen , Antifa information sheet, April 10, 2003.
33. ↑ ^{a b} Horst Mahler: "... It all started quite harmlessly", Hanse-Buchwerkstatt Bremen 2015.
34. ↑ Horst Mahler, Franz Schönhuber: An end to German self-hatred: Plea for a different Germany. Druffel & Vowinckel , 2000, ISBN 3-86118-093-6 .
35. ↑ FEDERAL CONSTITUTIONAL COURT Decision of March 25, 2008 - 1 BvR 1753/03
36. ^ Attorney Horst Mahler: Statement on the application for a ban against the NPD, addressed to the BVerfG, 2nd Senate. ( Memento of December 3, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 3.6 MB), see e.g. BS 46 ff)
37. ^ Attorney Horst Mahler: Statement on the application for a ban against the NPD, addressed to the BVerfG, 2nd Senate. ( Memento of December 3, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 3.6 MB), p. 31, August 30, 2002
38. ↑ quoted from: Frank Aydt: limited preview in the Google book search In: Wolfgang Gessenharter, Thomas Pfeiffer (ed.): The new right - a threat to democracy? VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften , Wiesbaden 2004, ISBN 3-8100-4162-9 , p. 109.
39. ↑ Gideon Botsch, Christoph Kopke and Werner Tress: Mahler, Horst In: Wolfgang Benz (Ed.): Handbuch des Antisemitismus . Vol. 2: People . De Gruyter Saur, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-44159-2 , p. 509 f. (accessed via De Gruyter Online).
40. ↑ Jan Rathje: Between conspiracy myths, esotericism and Holocaust denial - the imperial ideology - bpb. In: bpb.de. October 14, 2015, accessed April 8, 2016 . 
41. ↑ Quoted from Monika Schwarz-Friesel: Judenhass im Internet. Anti-Semitism as a cultural constant and collective feeling. Hentrich & Hentrich, Leipzig 2019, p. 111
42. ^ The authorities withdraw the passport of the right-wing extremist Mahler. Possible participation in the Tehran Holocaust Conference should be prevented. Berliner Zeitung , January 27, 2006
43. ↑ Netzeitung: Praise for travel ban against the Mahler right , January 27, 2006 ( Memento of January 17, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
44. ^ Right-wing extremist Mahler sentenced to eleven months. Hitler salute. Focus Online , July 22, 2008, archived from the original on April 21, 2011 ; Retrieved April 21, 2011 . 
45. ↑ That's how you talk to Nazis. Part 1 of the unabridged Vanity Fair interview by author Michel Friedman with Germany's chief Nazi Horst Mahler. In: Vanity Fair, November 2007. Condé Nast Digital, September 11, 2007, archived from the original on April 21, 2011 ; Retrieved April 21, 2011 . 
46. ↑ That's how you talk to Nazis. Part 2 of the unabridged Vanity Fair interview by author Michel Friedman with Germany's chief Nazi Horst Mahler. In: Vanity Fair, November 2007. Condé Nast Digital, November 1, 2007, archived from the original on April 21, 2011 ; Retrieved April 21, 2011 . 
47. ↑ Horst Mahler has to go to prison. "Hitler salute". Spiegel Online , April 28, 2008, archived from the original on April 21, 2011 ; Retrieved April 21, 2011 . 
48. ↑ jg: Right-wing extremist Mahler is going through revision. In: tagesspiegel.de. July 31, 2008, accessed December 11, 2014 . 
49. ↑ Kathrin Haimerl: Horst Mahler in court - When in doubt for the Holocaust deniers. In: sueddeutsche.de. May 17, 2010, accessed December 11, 2014 . 
50. ↑ Incitement to the people - Horst Mahler sentenced to six years in prison. In: sueddeutsche.de. May 17, 2010, accessed December 11, 2014 . 
51. ^ Imprisonment against neo-Nazi Mahler final ( memento from August 19, 2009 in the Internet Archive ), Deutsche Welle , August 10, 2009
52. ↑ License withdrawn: Mahler no longer a lawyer. In: n-tv from August 19, 2009.
53. ↑ Markus Decker Holocaust denier is imprisoned in the JVA Brandenburg , Berliner Zeitung of June 7, 2017
54. ^ Inflammatory pamphlet from custody . In: Der Spiegel . No. 30 , 2013 ( online ).
55. ↑ Mahler writes anti-Semitic inflammatory pamphlet in custody. In: welt.de. August 22, 2013. Retrieved November 29, 2014 . 
56. ^ Neo-Nazi Mahler is fighting for his life. In: Märkische Allgemeine , Potsdam, July 17, 2015.
57. ↑ Alexander Fröhlich: Police want to prevent memorial marches for Horst Mahler. In: Tagesspiegel , July 21, 2015. Accessed July 21, 2015.
58. ^ Neo-Nazi Horst Mahler (79) is planning rehabilitation. Märkische Allgemeine , August 3, 2015
59. ↑ Alexander Fröhlich: Horst Mahler is released on parole. Published on October 7, 2015 in Tagesspiegel . Accessed October 10, 2015
60. ↑ RAF founder and neo-Nazi: Court lifts Horst Mahler's probation. spiegel.de, January 22, 2016
61. ↑ Horst Mahler uses his probation for agitation. tagesspiegel.de of March 31, 2017.
62. ↑ Julian Feldmann: Horst Mahler is on the run. In: ndr.de/panorama. Retrieved April 19, 2017 . 
63. ↑ Escape abroad? In: n-tv.de , April 19, 2017.
64. ↑ Hungary confirms the arrest of right-wing extremist Horst Mahler. In: Berliner Morgenpost online , May 15, 2017
65. ↑ Horst Mahler arrested in Hungary. In: Spiegel Online , May 15, 2017.
66. ↑ Horst Mahler in custody for deportation. In: Spiegel Online , May 17, 2017.
67. ↑ Holocaust deniers - Hungary extradites Horst Mahler to Germany. In: faz.net , June 6, 2017.
68. ↑ Mahler extradited to Germany. Report on tagesschau.de from June 13, 2017; accessed on June 13, 2017.
69. ↑ Horst Mahler back in Germany after delivery from Hungary . ( tagesspiegel.de [accessed June 13, 2017]).
70. ↑ Holocaust denier Horst Mahler: Neo-Nazi remains in custody despite poor health . Der Tagesspiegel , January 18, 2019.
71. ↑ Eckhard Jesse : Review of: Michael Fischer: Horst Mahler. Karlsruhe: 2015 In: Portal für Politikwissenschaft , August 18, 2016, accessed on March 20, 2020.