Living Museum Online

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The Lebendige Museum Online (LeMO) is the online portal on German history from the 19th century to the present day.

Origin and history

LeMO was created in 1998 and has been online since 1999. It is one of the oldest German museum websites . Three federal institutions Deutsches Historisches Museum , the Stiftung Haus der Geschichte of the Federal Republic of Germany and the Federal Archives are partners of the website.

LeMO went online as a “virtual exhibition” in January 1999, at that time as a cooperation project between the House of History of the Federal Republic of Germany, the German Historical Museum and the Berlin Fraunhofer Institute for Software and System Technology and a total budget of 3 million DM . The official opening took place on January 21, 1999 in a ceremony in the German Historical Museum. Jürgen Reiche was the project manager in Bonn , the exhibition department manager and Burkhard Asmuss was the project manager in Berlin . The content from the 19th century to May 8, 1945 is developed and is still the responsibility of the DHM; all content from the end of the war comes from the LeMO team in the House of History. The URL of a LeMO page shows which house is responsible for the content: Pages with hdg.de/lemo-Adresse are from the LeMO editors of the House of History Foundation. Pages that begin with dhm.de/lemo ​​come from the German Historical Museum.

As early as 1999, the portal consisted of over 4,000 individual pages, over 400 digitized film and sound recordings and an additional 13 “three-dimensional worlds of experience” - virtual 3D animations of different rooms programmed in VRML , each representing a historical epoch that made one look alike how time could click through computer games . In this way, LeMO stood out from the hitherto customary HTML museum pages, which linked images of exhibits with texts, and was considered a highly innovative online project in the museum landscape. However, due to its technical complexity, the project was also criticized in the early days: The technology that was too demanding, frustrated users who only had average technical capabilities because the technically complex 3D worlds were closed to them.

In addition to the virtual rooms, the first version of LeMO consisted of overview chapters on German history and offered objects, documents as well as audio and film media. In addition, there were occasional webcams in the two museums and thus live images from the exhibitions. In 2000 the project was supplemented by weekly quizzes and opinion polls . In addition, a major innovation was the “collective memory” area, for which contemporary witnesses from all over Germany submitted text and images. The project was used in the classroom in pilot schools. As an innovative web project, LeMO won several media awards in the early years.

Due to the high response, especially from schoolchildren , the “LeMO Learning” project was started from 2002 to 2005 in cooperation with Ernst Klett Schulbuchverlag , Stuttgart and Leipzig, and funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research which a learning software for history lessons in the 10th grade was developed.

In 2012, preparations began for a major LeMO relaunch under the project management of Ruth Rosenberger (House of History Foundation), as well as Arnulf Scriba and Dorlis Blume (German Historical Museum). The online portal should be fundamentally modernized in terms of content, graphics and technology. In addition, the content of the new permanent exhibitions of the House of History Foundation in Leipzig and Berlin should also be represented in LeMO. New categories such as cross-cutting topics and extensive didactic materials were developed. The new cooperation with the National Archives came a great compilation of historical documents and images newly added to LeMO.

With the relaunch in September 2014, LeMO took a big step into the age of target group-specific, digital communication of history. LeMO has been fundamentally revised: concept, technology and graphics as well as alignment with the requirements of mobile users. Since the relaunch, LeMO sees itself as a "work in progress" project that is constantly being revised, supplemented and expanded. State Minister for Culture Monika Grütters MdB activated the new portal on September 17, 2014 at the official relaunch event in the Tränenpalast in Berlin. After the relaunch, the House of History Foundation was the first cultural institution ever to receive the “Master of Communication Europe” special prize in the “Corporate Media” master’s competition for LeMO. LeMO has established itself as its own brand in schools and universities as well as online with well-founded and attractive content.

financing

After LeMO was financed by third-party funds in several phases from 1999 to 2005 , supported by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, the Ernst Klett-Schulbuchverlag and the Association for the Promotion of a German Research Network and a subsidiary of Telekom ( Berkom ), the The House of History Foundation and the German Historical Museum Foundation carried out the project independently.

Content

LeMO deals with German history in the 19th, 20th and 21st centuries. The German Historical Museum Foundation is responsible for the presentation of the time before 1945 . The Foundation House of the History of the Federal Republic of Germany works on the period after the end of the Second World War up to the present day. The Federal Archives make images, documents and media available.

LeMO currently comprises over 1,350 chapter pages, more than 6,000 object pages, including 360-degree objects, 100 videos, 200 audios, 900 biographies , 600 contemporary witness articles, 200 documents and more than 170 annual chronicles . Thematic chapters complement the chronological presentation, as do the “Learning” pages, which offer didactic tips for working with LeMO in schools and museums. LeMO covers the period from the 19th century to the present day. The main areas are chronological chapters that can be accessed via a timeline, topics, contemporary witnesses, property pages, LeMO learning and the LeMO search.

LeMO Chapter: The chronological representation of German history can be navigated using the timeline that can be found under the main menu on all chapter pages. The epochs dealt with in more than 1,350 chapter pages are “ Vormärz + Revolution ” (1815–1850), “ Response Time” (1850–1871), “ Kaiserreich ” (1871–1914), “ First World War ” (1914–1918), “ Weimar Republic ”(1918–1933),“ Nazi Regime ”(1933–1939),“ Second World War ”(1939–1945),“ Post-War Years ”(1945–1949),“ Germany Divided ”(1949–1989) - this section is divided into the sub-periods “Founding Years” (1949–1961), “Modernization” (1961–1973) and “Crisis Management” (1973–1989) - “ German Unity ” (1989–2001) and “ Globalization ” (since 2001 ). The button "Chapter overview" gives an overview of the respective epoch. The chapter texts offer reliable information researched by historians . At the foot of the page you will find information on the authors of the text and the date of writing.

LeMO objects: The object pages in LeMO show objects from the collections of the cooperation partners and integrate them into the historical context. In addition to an explanation of the content of the objects, the pages also provide information on the exhibits that is relevant and legal for collections. In addition to the historical context, LeMO also offers an insight into the holdings of the participating houses. The use of keywords on the property pages helps to research other pages on LeMO. The displayed objects on 360-degree object pages can be rotated by the user and thus viewed from all sides.

LeMO annual chronicles: The chronicle wheel on the right on the chapter pages takes you to the annual chronicles. The most important events of the year are listed on the chronicle page. The jump labels under the title lead to the individual months. Annual chronicles from 1848 to 2014 are currently implemented.

LeMO contemporary witnesses: Contemporary witnesses report on their experiences on LeMO. These contributions always come from the contemporary witness himself: either recorded retrospectively or as a direct experience report in the form of diary entries or letters. The LeMO teams continuously record new contributions from contemporary witnesses. It is planned to integrate contemporary witness videos into LeMO in addition to the written and visual articles.

LeMO topics: The "topics" complement the presentation in the chronological chapters. With specific questions historical events are put into larger contexts. The content for this is created jointly by both companies.

LeMO learning: The LeMO learning area, which has been new since 2014, offers didactic material for the preparation and follow-up of a museum visit. In addition, LeMO learning gives tips on how to integrate LeMO into school lessons. You can choose from content from all hotels for different age groups. All LeMO learning materials are based on selected objects. The selection of the objects is based on the relevant curriculum for history after 1945. The LeMO learning offer can be used as an introduction or as a deepening in the classroom. For each object there is a brief classification into the historical context and usage scenarios for teaching and visiting museums.

LeMO inventory and search: In the "inventory" you can either search for your own terms , or you can display all objects of a certain object group. The search helps to find specific content in LeMO. LeMO offers a so-called faceted search . It is simple and effective in that it continues to limit the number of hits for the user based on its keywords. Clicking on a facet again deactivates it. The search can be accessed from every page using the magnifying glass at the top right of the screen.

Teaching materials

The Living Museum offers online teaching materials for multipliers .

target group

LeMO is aimed at all those interested in history.

Use of the content

LeMO releases its texts for further use under Creative Commons CC-BY-SA 4.0 license. Image files cannot be placed under a CC license, as the foundations generally do not own the rights of use for the image material. The property pages contain information on the author and license holder of the image material. If anything is unclear, inquiries to the foundations' digital image archives can clarify the extent to which images from LeMO can be used for other projects.

User communication

The email address for questions to the LeMO team, which is still valid today , ensured that users were able to communicate directly with the LeMO teams in Bonn and Berlin at an early stage.

literature

  • Ruth Rosenberger: LeMO - Living Museum Online. Discover, research and inform with the online portal for German history. In: Sieben, Gerda (Ed.): Occupy culture! The potential of digital media in cultural mediation , Munich 2017, ISBN 978-3-86736-359-4 , pp. 125–130.
  • Ruth Rosenberger: New LeMO - Living Museum Online, the online portal on German history. In: Museum magazine 3.2014, Foundation House of the History of the Federal Republic of Germany (Ed.), Pp. 20–26.
  • German Historical Museum (ed.): The German Historical Museum. DHM Magazin 2006, Berlin 2006
  • Vogel, Brigitte: How much history can it be? Learning about contemporary history using the example of the exhibition projects of the German Historical Museum. In: Barricelli, Michele / Hornig, Julia (eds.): Enlightenment, education, "Histotainment"? Contemporary history in education and society today , Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Frankfurt am Main 2008, pp. 85–96.
  • Wohlfromm, Anja: Museum as a Medium - New Media in Museums. Considerations on strategies of cultural representation and their influence by digital media , Herbert von Halem Verlag, Cologne 2002, ISBN 3-931606-37-6 .
  • House of the History of the Federal Republic of Germany; German Historical Museum; Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering (ISST): Living virtual museum online - LeMO. Final report - January 1999. Bonn / Berlin 2001.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ LeMO, project
  2. ↑ Hegwein, Peter: New Ways of Internet Marketing for Museums - A Constrative Look at the Websites of American and German Museums, in: Höhne, Steffen (ed.), America, You're Better? Cultural policy and cultural funding from a contrasting perspective (Weimar writings on cultural policy and cultural economy, 1), Leipzig: Universitätsverlag, p. 238.
  3. ↑ Hebler, Sebastian: Review: LeMO: Lebendiges virtual museum online. H-Soz-u-Kult, H-Net Reviews, June 2000. Available online at: http://h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=14969 , last checked on June 16, 2017.
  4. ↑ Villinger, Martin: On the virtualization of museums - offer and organizational forms, diploma thesis in information science, 1999, available online at: https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/bitstream/handle/123456789/6305/309_1.pdf? sequence = 1 & isAllowed = y , p. 44
  5. ↑ Villinger, Martin: On the virtualization of museums - offer and organizational forms, diploma thesis in information science, 1999, available online at: https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/bitstream/handle/123456789/6305/309_1.pdf? sequence = 1 & isAllowed = y , on page 47 in id. there is also a screenshot of VRML application from the first world war .
  6. ↑ Schweibenz, Werner: Who are the visitors to the virtual museum and what are their interests ?, in i-com, Journal of Interactive Media, 2/2008, published online on September 25, 2009. Available online at: https: // www .degruyter.com / downloadpdf / j / icom.2008.7.issue-2 / icom.2008.0017 / icom.2008.0017.pdf , p. 15
  7. ^ Foundation House of the History of the Federal Republic of Germany: Activity report 1997-1998, Bonn 1999.
  8. ^ Foundation House of the History of the Federal Republic of Germany: Activity report 1999-2000.
  9. ^ Foundation House of the History of the Federal Republic of Germany: Activity report 1999-2000, Bonn 2001.
  10. ^ Nentwig, Lutz / Manhart, Sonia / Kampa, Andreas / Wendt, Andreas / Asmuss, Burkhard / Roehrig, Wolfgang / Schneemelcher / Thomas: Bringing Museums to the Web: An Architecture for a Virtual Exhibition, INET 98, Internet Society, INET Conferences , 1998. Available online at: https://www.isoc.org/inet98/proceedings/7c/7c_2.htm , last checked on June 17, 2017.
  11. ^ Foundation House of the History of the Federal Republic of Germany: Activity report 2002-2004, Bonn 2005.
  12. ^ Foundation House of the History of the Federal Republic of Germany: Activity report 2011-2012, Bonn 2013.
  13. ↑ Kliemann, Thomas: What? When? Why? House of History and German Historical Museum launch new portal, in General-Anzeiger, September 18, 2014, p. 11.
  14. ↑ Federal Archives: Activation of the online portal “LeMO” on German history, available online at: - ( Memento of the original from 23 September 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , last checked on June 16, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bundesarchiv.de
  15. ↑ “Living Museum” online, Frankfurter Rundschau, September 18, 2014, p. 32.
  16. ↑ a b c https://www.dhm.de/lemo/projekt
  17. ↑ Digital cultural heritage: LeMO –Living Museum Online, available online at: Archived copy ( Memento of the original from September 22, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , last checked on June 17, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kulturerbe-digital.de
  18. ↑ Vogel, Brigitte: How much history can it be? Learning about contemporary history using the example of the exhibition projects of the German Historical Museum, in: Barricelli, Michele / Hornig, Julia (eds.): Enlightenment, education, "Histotainment"? Contemporary history in education and society today, Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Frankfurt am Main 2008, pp. 85–96.
  19. ↑ Ruth Rosenberger: New LeMO - Living Museum Online, The online portal for German history, in: Museum magazine 3.2014, Foundation House of the History of the Federal Republic of Germany (ed.), Pp. 20-26.
  20. ↑ Federal Government, Communication from the Minister of State for Culture: “LeMO –Living Museum Online. History on the Tablet ”, September 17, 2014, available online at: https://www.bundesregierung.de/Content/DE/Artikel/2014/09/2014-09-17-lemo.html , last checked on 16. June 2017.