Multiplier (education)
As multipliers in education personnel, facilities, official publications and media are to pass the technical information, expertise, skill, research and doctrines to others, thus contributing to its spread.
term
The term “multiplier”, which is used in didactics and methodology, is derived from the Latin multiplicare (= “to multiply”). It originally comes from arithmetic and, as a technical term used in teaching in the education sector, has the meaning of "transferring and multiplying a field of knowledge" and thus making it accessible to a wider group of people. Addressees can be a special specialist audience or, in simplified forms of communication, an interested public. Multipliers are first and foremost people who take care of the material that appears significant or interesting to them and which they consider worthy of being passed on to others. Multipliers can also be institutions that have been assigned the task of multiplying activity or training, e.g. B. Continuing education and training institutes. The multipliers in the education sector also include media whose business it is to make education-relevant information public and make it available for a broader discussion, for example specialist magazines or specialist books .
Personal multipliers
The historically oldest and to this day still largely indispensable factor in the process of disseminating ideas is the human being. Personal encounters in school lessons , in the training workshop or at university lectures and courses create the opportunity for an in-depth critical dialogue. The interpretive presentation by an expert helps with questions of understanding and supports the processing of teaching materials. Personnel multipliers have a central role in education, training and further education of all kinds.
As trainers and further trainers, teachers in all professions can be found in a classic multiplier role. They acquire special knowledge and skills, transform it, if necessary, to suit the client, and pass it on to their students. Accordingly, university lecturers and colleges act as multipliers with their lectures , seminars , lectures and courses , teachers and schools with their compulsory and elective courses for the younger generation, masters in their craft businesses and companies or lecturers and adult education centers with their further education offers for the adult population.
In the field of traffic education in Baden-Württemberg in the 1970s, under the aegis of the Minister of Education, Gerhard Mayer-Vorfelder, "traffic officers" in the ministry and school authorities , "senate officers for traffic education" at universities and "traffic officers" at schools were appointed and used in a multiplier function. They are responsible for the training of further multipliers at the level below them. Characteristic of the Karlsruhe didactic model is the participation of older pupils in the final classes and interested parents as multipliers in the context of training for the pedestrian diploma and in the traffic joke . After a corresponding qualification, they are given the responsibility as so-called " guardian angels " for a certain child or a small group of children up to pedestrian maturity with the acquisition of the pedestrian diploma.
Institutional multipliers
Institutions can receive a special educational mandate and create an operational and organizational framework in which multiplier training is practiced, bundled and promoted as a main task. Craft training companies, universities , libraries , advanced and advanced training institutions or adult education centers are designed as such institutions . They have an institutional mandate to pass on and multiply knowledge and skills. Craft businesses, for example, are geared towards promoting craftsmanship, universities on the generation of academic knowledge and skills, and adult education centers on expanding the general level of education.
As part of the introduction to the new "Education and Training Plan 2017", z. For example, the “ Hessian Ministry for Social Affairs and Integration ” (HMSI) and the “ Hessian Ministry of Culture ” commissioned the “ State Institute for Early Childhood Education ” (IFP) to redesign the institutional training in order to act as multipliers for the new concept to train:
“A central component in the implementation of the education and training plan is the advanced training of all specialists and teachers. The aim is to make them fully familiar with the contents of the plan and to strengthen their local skills. In order to achieve this, a program was developed which initially provided for the qualification of a trunk of multipliers. "
For all-day schools , too , curricula were created with a qualification offer for in-service training to become a “multiplier for education for sustainable development at all-day schools” so that teacher trainers can be used for this type of school.
Media multipliers
The most well-known media multipliers today include the mass publications of the press , radio , television and the Internet , with which the general public can be reached beyond a larger specialist audience. The specialist audience is still less informed about journalistic than about competent multiplication organs such as relevant specialist journals and specialist books . Until the invention of the art of printing by Johannes Gutenberg around 1440 , the works of interest from literature and science still had to be laboriously and time-consuming in handicrafts to be produced in copies and up until then, only a few copies were available to a narrow educational group. The handwritten copying of documents and books ( manuscripts ) was, insofar as it could not be done by oneself, a monopoly of a few specialists, in Europe especially the educated monks and nuns who did this work in the scriptories of the monasteries . The multiplier book printing, which spread rapidly from Mainz across Europe in the 15th century, gained a decisive influence on the rapid dissemination of the theses of Martin Luther and Erasmus of Rotterdam with the mass reproduction of the Bible and other sacred and secular works and thus of the Reformation ideas.
Function in research
New research results require the knowledge of the specialist colleagues and the scientific discourse. Scientists at universities are therefore obliged to make their findings public. This requires suitable multiplication options. Even the first entry into the scientific field, the dissertation , is compulsory to publish. Through publication organs such as conference reports, congress reports, research reports, scientific results, also in translations, quickly reach the experts around the world and in this way enable mutual exchange, can be analyzed, checked and further developed. They are available to anyone interested in specialist journals and in book form. Book printing also made it possible to reproduce knowledge exactly on a previously unheard-of scale, typing errors were avoidable, knowledge was given structure, and the author was given meaning.
Function in training and education
While education was largely an aristocratic privilege until the introduction of the art of printing and the possibility of reproduction through literature, only accessible to a few through a few teachers, the development quickly changed with the use of Gutenberg's art as a multiplier of knowledge to a popular education. The Catholic Encyclopedia , an English-language Catholic encyclopedia first published in 1913 , attributes an “unprecedented influence” on the development of Christian culture to the invention of the new multiplication possibility as “an indispensable factor in human education”.
In teaching, the media multipliers have considerably expanded and enriched the didactic possibilities: For example, multi-dimensional learning can better take into account the different directions of talent and fall back on numerous methodological variants. The discovery learning receives additional rooms for a teacher independent mastering the learning material .
Function in society
The multipliers in the education sector in their entirety create the basis for today's knowledge society . They make a decisive contribution to the development of the sciences. They lay the foundation for the general need and the possibility of modern education and upbringing for all social classes. They play a decisive role in the possibility of free formation of opinion independent of ideology and authority. The printed products made it possible for the first time to massively disseminate knowledge, news and opinions free of control by the church and authorities , which in the long term promoted great social upheavals. They were one of the driving forces behind the Renaissance and the Age of Enlightenment and played an important role in the social rise of the bourgeoisie .
Placement problems
If, thanks to additional didactic training, in the professional educational areas a client-appropriate transfer of demanding academic knowledge and technical skills to the respective addressees of different ages and different educational requirements is usually successful, some professions still find it difficult to qualify their peers as multipliers of learned knowledge and skills Ability: Here are z. B. Doctors repeatedly criticized for not being able to convey information about their clinical picture and the necessary health measures to their patients appropriately, in understandable medical language . Inadequate adherence to therapy and the fact that the internet has become the more important information portal for many patients on health and illness issues than consulting a doctor are seen as negative consequences of the lack of communication skills and persuasiveness of many doctors . This results in the realization that special training, including the learning of an appropriate language, is required in order to be qualified as a multiplier of knowledge and skills and to have professional success in this regard.
literature
- Karl Ernst Georges: Keyword Multiplier , In: Comprehensive Latin-German concise dictionary . 8th edition, Hannover 1918 (reprint Darmstadt 1998), Volume 2, Sp. 1042.
- Michael Giesecke: Book Printing in the Early Modern Era . Suhrkamp, Frankfurt / M. 1998, ISBN 3-518-28957-8 .
- Diana Grundmann: The multiplier training: Education for sustainable development at all-day schools , In: Appel, Stefan [Hrsg.], Ludwig, Harald [Hrsg.], Rother, Ulrich [Hrsg.], Rutz, Georg [Hrsg.]: Life - learning - Leisten , Schwalbach / Taunus 2009, pp. 219–222.
- Hessian Ministry for Social Affairs and Integration as well as Hessian Ministry of Culture: Multiplikatorenausbildung , In: Bildungs- und Erziehungsplan from March 2017.
- “ Multiplikator ”, In: Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache , < https://www.dwds.de/wb/Multiplikator >, accessed on June 21, 2017.
- Scientific advice of the Duden editorship (ed.): Multiplikator , In: Duden, The large foreign dictionary. Origin and meaning of foreign words . 4th edition. Dudenverlag, Mannheim / Leipzig / Vienna / Zurich 2007, ISBN 978-3-411-04164-0 , p. 909.
Web links
- Education plan Hessen 2017 - accessed on June 23, 2017
- Multiplier training for all-day schools - accessed on June 23, 2017
Individual evidence
- ↑ Diana Grundmann: Die Multiplikatorenausbildung, Education for Sustainable Development at All-Day Schools , In: Appel, Stefan [Hrsg.]; Ludwig, Harald [ed.]; Rother, Ulrich [Hrsg.], Rutz, Georg [Hrsg.]: Life - Learning - Performing. Schwalbach, Taunus 2009, pp. 219-222
- ^ Siegbert A. Warwitz: The 'Pedestrian Diploma' project . In: Ders .: Traffic education from the child . 6th edition, Verlag Schneider, Baltmannsweiler 2009, pp. 221-251
- ↑ Hessian Ministry of Social Affairs and Integration / Hessian Ministry of Culture: Multiplikatorenausbildung , In: Bildungs- und Erziehungsplan , March 2017
- ↑ Diana Grundmann: Die Multiplikatorenausbildung, Education for Sustainable Development at All-Day Schools , In: Appel, Stefan [Hrsg.]; Ludwig, Harald [ed.]; Rother, Ulrich [Hrsg.], Rutz, Georg [Hrsg.]: Life - Learning - Performing. Schwalbach, Taunus 2009, pp. 219-222
- ^ Johann Gutenberg keyword of the Catholic Encyclopedia
- ↑ Linus Geisler: Doctor-patient relationship in transition. Strengthening the dialogical principle. In: Final report of the Enquête Commission “Law and Ethics of Modern Medicine” , May 14, 2002 pp. 216–220
- ↑ Keyword “doctor-patient relationship” , In: Pschyrembel Clinical Dictionary 2014 . Founded by Willibald Pschyrembel. Edited by the publisher's Pschyrembel editorial team, 265th edition, De Gruyter, Berlin 2013