Heinrich Christoph Jussow

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Design drawing for the Wilhelmshöher Gate by Heinrich Christoph Jussow, around 1805

Heinrich Christoph Jussow (born December 9, 1754 in Kassel ; † July 26, 1825 there ) was a German classicist architect and garden designer.

Life

family

Heinrich Christoph Jussow was the only son of the architect and landgrave master builder Johann Friedrich Jussow (1701–1779), who built numerous village churches in Lower Hesse under Landgraves Wilhelm VIII and Friedrich II. Of Hessen-Kassel , and his wife Katharina Elisabeth, née. Fabric rain (1715-1779). He had two sisters. He himself remained unmarried and without offspring.

Adolescent years

At the age of 7 he started school in Kassel, which he reluctantly but successfully completed after 10 years. He then moved to the Collegium Carolinum in Kassel in 1771 , where the mathematics professor Johann Matthias Matsko became his most popular teacher and great role model. Under pressure from his parents, Jussow went to study law at the Philipps University in Marburg at Easter 1773 , but he had little interest in this subject and returned after two years to the Collegium Carolinum, where he devoted himself again to studying mathematics under Matsko. In 1776, again under parental pressure, he went to the Georg August University of Göttingen to continue his law studies. There, too, he found less pleasure in law than in the lectures given by mathematics professor Abraham Gotthelf Kästner . The serious illness of both parents forced him to return to Kassel at Easter 1778 - Jussow's mother died in March 1779, his father in July 1779 - and to look for a job that would secure his livelihood. He opted for architecture, continued his own studies in drawing and in October 1778 received an assistant position in the landgrave's building department. There he was only concerned with subordinate activities, but at the same time was able to continue his education by studying architectural theoretical writings, especially from the Baroque era, and by studying the work of his superior, the master builder Simon Louis du Ry , which was influenced by Palladianism .

Wandering years

The Löwenburg around 1900 (historical postcard); on the left the keep that was destroyed in the Second World War

In 1781 Jussow became an architecture teacher at the Kassel Art Academy, which was separated from the Collegium Carolinum in 1777 . In the same year Landgrave Friedrich II visited Paris , where he met the well-known early classical court architect and town planner Charles de Wailly , made him an honorary member of the Kassel Art Academy and commissioned him to plan the renovation and integration of the Landgrafenschloss in Kassel. De Wailly came to Kassel in 1782 and presented his plans there. Soon afterwards, Jussow received a travel grant from the Landgrave and a recommendation to de Wailly, with which he traveled to Paris in 1783, where he attended the Royal Building Academy for two years and was strongly influenced by de Wailly. This was followed by a long stay in Italy, during which he devoted himself to studying architecture and the fine arts of antiquity in Rome , Naples and Sicily and visited the cities of Northern Italy, Trieste and Vienna on the return trip . At the request of Landgrave Wilhelm IX, who had ruled since November 1785 . Jussow , son of Frederick II and the English princess Maria , traveled to Jussow, appointed the Landgrave's garden architect, then via Hamburg to England to see stately mansions there and to familiarize himself with the garden and cottage architecture of the Ornamental Farm, which had become fashionable do.

Court builder and garden architect in Kassel

The aqueduct in Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe

After his return to Kassel, Jussow was employed again in the building department and was managed by Landgrave Wilhelm IX., Later Elector Wilhelm I , a. a. commissioned with the planning of the central building of the Wilhelmshöhe Palace and the redesign of the Wilhelmshöhe mountain park . Du Ry had already completed one wing of the castle (the Weißenstein wing), the other (the church wing) was under construction. Jussow designed the free-standing central wing, the construction of which began in 1792 and was completed in 1798. This building, the neo-Gothic Löwenburg , built as an artificial ruin from 1793 to 1798, and the design of the mountain park are Jussow's main works. In the park, where he worked closely with the fountain and water art inspector Carl Steinhöfer and the garden inspector Daniel August Schwarzkopf , he built various small structures such as B. the Apollo temple , the rock corner and the hall of Socrates , developed the castle pond, today's Lac , and expanded the water features - with structures such as the fountain pond (1789/90), the Jussow cascade and the devil's bridge with the hell pond (1792/93). Jussow also designed the aqueduct (1788–1792), a replica of a ruined Roman aqueduct from which the water plunges into a gorge 34 meters below. The renovation and expansion in 1790/91 of the large Marstall built in 1762 at Wilhelmshöhe Castle was his work; he himself moved into an apartment on the new upper floor of the Marstall in 1791 when he had to clear the so-called Bagatelle , which he had lived in during his work in Wilhelmshöhe, for the Landgrave during his stay in the artificial countryside of the mountain park.

After du Ry's death in 1799, Jussow was appointed as his successor senior chamber councilor and court building director, thus dominating court building, land, road and hydraulic engineering, and director of the architecture department at the art academy. Jussow was very hardworking and often worked on several projects at the same time. He designed numerous buildings and furnishings such as beds, chairs, tables, stoves, stucco ornaments and wall coverings.

The chapel in Riede Castle Park , built around 1799 , the building is no longer in its original condition (2019)

During the time of the short-lived Napoleonic Kingdom of Westphalia under Jérôme Bonaparte from 1807 to 1813, Jussow remained in office as "Director of the Crown Buildings and Inspector General of Bridges, Chausseen and Public Buildings". During this time, in 1809, Jussow was accepted into the Kassel Freemason Lodge Hieronymus Napoleon as a loyalty , until July 1807 still known as "Friedrich von derfreund " After the end of the Kingdom of Westphalia and the withdrawal of the ban on lodges, it became the lodge "Wilhelm zur Sthaftigkeit" in 1814.

With the restitution of the electorate and the return of Elector Wilhelm I at the end of 1813, Jussow got his position back as Oberhofbaudirektor. The elector also appointed him commander of the House Order of the Golden Lion .

The Auetor, around 1900

Since the Kassel City Palace was partially destroyed by a major fire in 1811 , the Elector had not only the almost completely destroyed northwest wing torn down, but also the three other wings, which were also damaged but still standing, and commissioned Jussow to plan a new residence, the monumental " Chattenburg ", which was to be built at this point. Its dimensions and expenditure, which roughly corresponded to the Vienna Hofburg , went far beyond the usual framework of a sovereign residence. whose foundation stone was laid in 1820, required a lot of workers. When Jussow could not find enough bricklayers , he submitted an application in March 1820 to assign all the military journeymen of the garrisons of Kassel, Hersfeld , Marburg and Ziegenhain to the construction of the Chattenburg. The application was approved, 200 additional workers arrived and around 1200 men were now working on the construction site. The work was stopped after Wilhelm I's death in 1821, when only the first floor was in the shell .

The Auetor in Kassel is Jussow's last work that his successor, Johann Conrad Bromeis, carried out for him in 1825. In 1876 it was redesigned as a war memorial and relocated to Schlossplatz in 1896 because of the construction of the theater. In World War II it was destroyed and ultimately demolished.

death

Site plan of the honorary graves in the Old Town Cemetery

Jussow died on July 23, 1825 at the age of 71 after a long illness. He was buried on the south side of the Old Town Cemetery in front of the mausoleum designed by himself for the wife of Elector Wilhelm I, Wilhelmine Karoline of Denmark , who died in 1820 .

literature

Web links

Commons : Heinrich Christoph Jussow  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. Son of pastor Johann Ernst Jussow in Niedernjesa near Göttingen and his wife Rosina Margarethe born. Hüpeden.
  2. ^ Daughter of the chief executive Friedrich Henrich Stoffregen in Bredenbeck / Deister.
  3. Jussow's wooden Devil's Bridge was replaced in 1826 by an iron structure by Jussow's successor, Johann Conrad Bromeis .
  4. http://www.kassel-wilhelmshoehe.de/peripherie.html
  5. ↑ In 1815, the lodge merged with the Kassel lodge “To perfect harmony and friendship” and the lodge “Eintracht zur Akazia” in Eschwege (from 1817 in Allendorf , from 1822 in Ellershausen ) to establish a new provincial grand lodge , which from 1817 became large Mother Lodge of Kurhessen called. ( General Handbook of Freemasonry , First Volume AL, Hesse, Leipzig, 1900, pp. 447-448 )
  6. Grundriss, Jussow, in the picture index of art and architecture, German Documentation Center for Art History - Photo Archive Photo Marburg
  7. ^ Facade, Jussow, in the picture index of art and architecture, German Documentation Center for Art History - Photo Archive Photo Marburg