Collegium Carolinum (Kassel)
The Collegium Carolinum in Kassel was founded in 1709 by Landgrave Karl (1654–1730) of Hessen-Kassel . The Carolinum formed a "new form of university" and had the task of training students in mathematics, physics and anatomy before starting their studies at a theological, legal or medical faculty.
history
When the Collegium Carolinum was founded in 1709, Landgrave Karl intended to establish it as an "Academy of Sciences". In fact, the Carolinum was given the task of preparing future students for their specialist studies. The first colleges were held by two professors in the Kassel Kunsthaus . Landgrave Karl had an anatomy chamber and an observatory set up for this purpose and made his landgrave collection available for teaching purposes.
In 1721, after the death of the first professors, these were not filled again, and from 1728 the rector of the Kassel city school was the only teacher at the Carolinum. In 1738 the Carolinum was expanded to include the Collegium Medico-Chirurgicum, which served as a training facility for military surgeons.
It was not until Landgrave Friedrich II took office in 1760 that the Carolinum received further funding based on the model of the Brunswick Collegium Carolinum. Among other things, a course catalog was printed in 1764 and further professorships were filled, including architecture, painting, sculpture and drawing. Teachers of war architecture, English, French and Italian were also appointed. At times, 17 professors taught at the Carolinum.
The number of mostly middle-class students amounted to 55 in 1764. Efforts to recruit students through good equipment and the appointment of well-known professors failed. Children from noble families largely stayed away from the Carolinum. Even new laws that allowed citizens without matriculation to attend lectures could not raise the interest of the students.
After the death of Frederick II towards the end of 1785, several professors were transferred to the University of Marburg . Because the Collegium Carolinum could not be integrated into the overall concept of the Hessian education system, teaching was discontinued in 1791.
meaning
Despite the poor success, the educational institution had a scientific rank, which was due to its professors. The modest number of students allowed the professors to pursue their science and write textbooks and reviews. Textbooks were sometimes used by professors from the Collegium Carolinum at various universities. Kassel was integrated into the Enlightenment network not least through the personal contacts of the professors .
The medical school was of great importance. Thanks to the extremely good facilities, not only were the students able to finish their studies in Kassel in order to then acquire a doctorate in Göttingen or Marburg, the population in the city and the surrounding area also enjoyed a better one because of the qualified training of midwives and surgeons medical supplies.
In 1777 the "Académie de Peinture et de Sculpture de Cassel" was founded out of the Collegium Carolinum, which forms a bridge to today's Kassel art college .
Eminent professors
- Lothar Zumbach von Koesfeld (1661–1727), mathematician, astronomer and musician
- Johann August Nahl the Elder (1710–1781), sculptor
- Johann Rudolph Anton Piderit (1720–1791), theologian and philosopher
- Johann Matthias Matsko (1721–1796), astronomer and mathematician
- Johann Heinrich Tischbein the Elder (1722–1789), painter
- Johann Gottlieb Stegmann (1725–1795), mathematician and experimental physicist
- Simon Louis du Ry (1726–1799), architect
- Johann Wilhelm Christian Gustav Casparson (1729–1802), writer, historian and university professor
- Ernst Gottfried Baldinger (1738–1804), medic
- Georg Wilhelm Stein the Elder (1737–1803), medic
- Christian Konrad Wilhelm von Dohm (1751–1820), camera and finance
- Konrad Wilhelm Ledderhose (1751-1812), lawyer
- Johannes von Müller (1752–1809), historian
- Georg Forster (1754–1794), physician
- Johann Heinrich Wepler (1755–1792), theologian
- Johann Wilhelm Christian Brühl (1757–1806), physician
literature
- Kassel-Lexikon, Volume I, A – K, Euregio-Verlag, 2009, p. 121.
- Eberhard Mey: Enlightenment in the royal seat of Kassel: The Collegium Carolinum In: Heidenreich, Bernd (ed.): Enlightenment in Hessen. Facets of their history . Wiesbaden 1999, pp. 46-56.
- Eberhard Mey: The future scholar and the Hofmann - courses and students at the Collegium Carolinum in the reign of Friedrich II. In: Wunder ua, Kassel 2000. P. 191–211.
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Eberhard Mey: Enlightenment in the royal seat of Kassel In: Bernd Heidenreich (ed.): Enlightenment in Hessen . Facets of their history . Wiesbaden 1999, p. 47
- ↑ Kassel-Lexikon, Volume I, AK, Euregio-Verlag, 2009, p. 121.
Coordinates: 51 ° 18 ′ 48 ″ N , 9 ° 29 ′ 56 ″ E