Johann Gottlieb Stegmann

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Johann Gottlieb Stegmann (born June 16, 1725 in Hartum , Principality of Minden , † May 4, 1795 in Marburg ) was a German mathematician , experimental physicist and university professor.

family

Johann Gottlieb Stegmann was the son of Johann Caspar Stegmann from Cönnern near Halle (Saale) , a preacher in Hartum, and his wife Dorothea Sophie, née Pohlmann. In his first marriage, Johann Gottlieb Stegmann was married to Regine Catharine, nee Schwertner (* 1728, † 1766), daughter of a stocking manufacturer and widow of the Bückeburg count's personal physician Limbrunner, from 1752. His second wife was Dorothea Charlotte Louise, née Heppe, from 1767, daughter of a councilor in Kassel . Both marriages had eight children each, among the latter the pastor and East India missionary in Danish service Ernst Philipp Heinrich Stegmann (born May 17, 1773 in Kassel, † September 1, 1828 in Hesselager Sogn , Denmark ). A daughter of Johann Gottlieb Stegmann named Charlotte fought between 1792 and 1794 for the recognition of the paternity of her illegitimate child in order to restore her honor and to obtain alimentation. The process found its way into the Marburg university files and is an example of how the sexes interacted with one another in the university environment in the premodern era.

Professional background

Studies

After the death of his father, who had taught him at home, Johann Gottlieb Stegmann attended the Latin school in neighboring Lübbecke from 1736 to 1740 under its rector Konrad Henrich Voswinkel, then the orphanage school in Halle . From 1743 on he studied philosophy , mathematics and physics at the University of Halle , in 1745 he moved to the University of Jena to study theology there in addition to the subjects mentioned . In 1747 Stegmann returned to Halle and obtained his master's degree there in 1750 . This was followed by study trips and a brief job as a tutor in the family of the post office administrator Engelke in Hagenburg . On June 16, 1750, Stegmann was awarded the title of Doctor of Philosophy at the then partially Hessian University of Rinteln .

Career as a professor

In 1751 Johann Gottlieb Stegmann became associate professor of philosophy at the University of Rinteln and a year later full professor there; his main interests lay in experimental physics. After he was appointed professor for philosophy, physics and mathematics at the Collegium Carolinum in Kassel in 1754 by the Hessian landgrave Wilhelm VIII , he developed a lively practical and experimental activity in specially set up workshops. This led to numerous inventions and to the improvement of technical, physical and mathematical equipment and instruments with which he operated a brisk trade. A “ breast or milk pump ” was also one of his practical inventions. In 1767 Stegmann was prorector of the Collegium Carolinum.

In 1786 Johann Gottlieb Stegmann finally became a full professor of logic , metaphysics , pure and applied mathematics and experimental physics at the University of Marburg, where he had been transferred from Kassel - like numerous other professors from the Kassel College after the death of Landgrave Friedrich II . He also became a member there in 1789 and, in turn, in 1793 head of the State Economic Institute founded by Johann Heinrich Jung-Stilling , a cross-faculty teaching, research and testing facility for camera sciences .

In addition to the philosophical and scientific works in the narrower sense, Stegmann wrote several historical treatises, for example on the merits of the Hessian landgraves Wilhelm IV , Karl and Moritz "the learned" in the philosophical and mathematical sciences.

Memberships

Stegmann became a member of numerous learned societies:

On January 31, 1786, he was accepted as a Freemason in the Kassel Lodge Friedrich for friendship .

Fonts

  • De idolatria litteraria, maxime philosophica vertitatibus admodum inimica. Rinteln 1751.
  • Meditatio de eu quod nimium seu parum est in studio philosophico, qua ad audiendam Orationem inaug. de necesariis inventoris dotibus invitat. Rinteln 1751.
  • Theses e Philosophia desumtae, ad disputandum propositae. Buckeburg 1752.
  • Prove that from the remorse of conscience to eradicate those means known to reason, to infer the existence of a divine revelation. Rinteln 1753.
  • Introduction to the study of nature, for use by those who want to look at nature with pleasure and attention. Buckeburg 1753.
  • Reasonable Considerations of the Philosophical Hypotheses. Kassel 1754.
  • Progr. De iis que in experiendo macime sunt cavenda. Kassel 1755.
  • Treatise on the great merits of Landg. Carls I. about the mathematical sciences. Kassel 1755.
  • At the public Feyer with which the local Carolinum celebrated the four and seventieth birthday of Mr. Wilhelm the Eighth, the Landgrave of Hesse, the Prince of Herßfeld, the Count of Catzenelnbogen [...] and Hanau [...] wants to commit. Invite obediently [...]. Kassel 1755.
  • Brief investigation into why the poets are presented crowned with Epheu. In: Collection of some selected pieces, the Society of Freyen Künste zu Leipzig, Volume 3, 1756.
  • Dissertatio Philosophica De Adquiescentia Hominum In Voluntate Divina. Kassel 1756.
  • Diss. De vita systhematica sapienti homini necessaria. Resp. Car. Wilh. Robert , Hasso-Cass. Kassel 1756.
  • Historical treatise of the great merits of the Hochseel. Landgrave Wilhelm the Fourth on the mathematical sciences. Kassel 1756.
  • Brief historical news of Prince Moritz's great insight [...] into the philosophical and mathematical sciences. Kassel 1757.
  • Description of a small air pump and the accessories that go with it, with which one can make all those experiments which indicate both the property of the air and the changes brought about by it in other bodies, with great comfort. In addition to a display, two instruments made for this air pump, with which one can easily remove milk from the breasts and put it in a smoking tobacco enema. Kassel 1772/1773.
  • Theses logicae. Resp. Wilh. Schwarzenberg. Kassel 1774.
  • For the solemn arrival of the newly appointed prorector of the Collegii Carolini by Friedrich [...] the second, an MJG Stegmann now departing prorector invites you to the 2nd Jenner 1781 at 10 o'clock in the large auditorium, submissively and obediently. A brief message is given from a solar microscope on opaque bodies. Kassel 1780.
  • Brief description of a suction and pressure pump, both used and used for a breast or milk pump, various types of syringes, shrinking and smoking cistus instruments. In addition to a display of a special smoking tobacco klistir instrument. Kassel 1774.
  • Description of an air knife of healthy and unhealthy air. Kassel 1778.
  • Description of a new pantograph. Kassel 1780.
  • Investigation into the real inventor of the centrifugal water machine invented here (in Cassel); an invitation Font. Kassel 1780.
  • Investigation of the first inventor of the excellent fire machine with which the water is driven upwards by the force of fire; an invitation Writing for hearing the inaugural speeches of 2 newly appointed professors. (Jac. Dieter. Ebert Dr. Medic. And Conr. Henr. Brandau, also Dr. Medic). Kassel 1780.
  • For the celebration of the highest naming feast of the most noble prince and lord of the ruling Landgrave of Hesse [...] which the Collegium illustrious Carolinum will celebrate in the large auditorium on March 6th and 7th at 9 o'clock, M. Johann invites you guilty and obediently Gottlieb Stegmann the Elder Z. Vice Rector. An inquiry is made into the true inventor of the centrifugal water machine here invented. Kassel 1780.
  • From a solar microscope to opaque bodies; an invitation Font. Kassel 1781.
  • Description of the breast pump and indication of how it is used and how it is maintained. Kassel 1783.
  • Theses philosophicae. Resp. CAC Knöpfel, Breitenbac. Hate. & CL Tassius, Longoshwalbaco hatred. Marburg 1787.
  • Theses philosophicae. Resp. JP Werneburg, Wanfrieto-Hass. & GF Molter, Caroli-Portu-Hass. Marburg 1789.

Catalog of the digitized writings of Johann Gottlieb Stegmann.

literature

  • Michael Conradus Curtius : De translatione academiarum. Marburg 1786 (including an autobiography by Stegmann).
  • Michael Conradus Curtius: Memoria Joannis Gottlieb Stegmanni. Marburg 1795 (with list of publications).
  • Friedrich Wilhelm Strieder : Basis for a Hessian history of scholars and writers. From the Reformation to the present day. Fifteenth volume. Griesbach, Kassel 1806, pp. 267-278. ( Digitized version )
  • Catalogus Professorum Academiae Marburgensis. The academic teachers at the Philipps University of Marburg from 1527 to 1910. Edited by Franz Gundlach. Elwert, Marburg 1927 (= publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse 15, 1), p. 372 f.
  • Helmut Keiler: Freemason Documentation Marburg. Giessen 1980 (Marburg University Library)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Strieder (1806), pp. 271-274.
  2. ↑ Presentation on the Internet pages of the University Archives Marburg.
  3. ↑ Strieder (1806), p. 268, erroneously writes “Lübeck”, so that this is usually incorrectly mentioned as the school location in later life descriptions of Stegmann.
  4. ↑ Strieder (1806), p. 268, names Voswinkel as Stegmann's teacher; for evidence of Voswinkel as rector in Lübbecke s. Friedrich Wilhelm Bauks: The Protestant pastors in Westphalia from the Reformation since 1945 . Luther-Verlag, Bielefeld 1980, p. 534.
  5. ↑ Strieder (1806) p. 269 f. (Compilation of devices invented or further developed by Stegmann)
personal data
SURNAME Stegmann, Johann Gottlieb
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German mathematician, experimental physicist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH June 16, 1725
PLACE OF BIRTH Hartum
DATE OF DEATH May 4, 1795
Place of death Marburg