Grid (Salzgitter)

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Grid
City of Salzgitter
Coat of arms of the Salzgitter grid
Coordinates: 52 ° 2 ′ 12 ″  N , 10 ° 20 ′ 50 ″  E
Height : 159 m
Area : 2.98 km²
Residents : 771  (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 258 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : April 1, 1940
Incorporated into: Salzgitter bath
Postal code : 38259
Area code : 05341
map
Location of grid in Salzgitter
Aerial view of the Salzgitter grid
Aerial view of the Salzgitter grid

Salzgitter-lattice is one of the total of 31 districts of the independent city of Salzgitter in Lower Saxony , located in the village south . Grid (also called "grid on the mountains") was an independent village in the Goslar district until 1940 . In April 1940, the place was incorporated into the then town of Salzgitter (today Salzgitter-Bad ) and in 1949 it became an independent district of Salzgitter.

geography

Grid is one of the southernmost districts of Salzgitter and borders almost seamlessly on Salzgitter-Bad , the second largest district. The area of ​​the district, which forms a district with Salzgitter-Bad , measures around 298.4 hectares.

history

The first known mention of the place grid can be found in a list of the goods of the monastery in Fulda from the end of the 8th century. In this it is reported that Harwart von Sachsen from the Immedingen family transferred goods from Geizheres (today's grid) to the Fulda monastery . (The original of this document was not found, but there is a copy from the 12th century. The date of this donation is also not mentioned, but can be derived from the connection with other datable reports of this document). At that time grid belonged to the Salzgau , to which u. a. the surrounding places Ringelheim and Gustedt also belonged. Excavation finds from the area of ​​the former saltworks Salzliebenhalle (this was near today's market square of Salzgitter-Bad) have shown that salt was extracted in the Salzgau as early as the 6th century.

Examples of earlier place names from lattice are: Geizheres (end of the 8th century), Gaeteri (1007), Iehthere (1086), Gethere (1125/1131), Getdere (1153/1178), Jetre (1181), Getere (~ 1226 / 1272) and Gythere (1309). The spelling Geizheres is a bit out of the ordinary , but it is assumed that this is a "Verochdeutigung" in the copy of the certificate. One of the possible interpretations of the place name is based on a derivation of the Old Saxon word giotan / gêotan for flow and connects this with the nearby salt spring . Another interpretation derives the name from gat , which denotes a passage or an opening. This indicates the geographic location of Gitters on a depression between the grid mountain and the Salzgitter ridge.

The affiliation of the place has changed several times in the course of history. In the 9th century, the Immedinger family belonged to the lords of the grid. When Heinrich I married Mathilde from the Immedingen family in 909, their possessions fell in lattice to the then Duke of Saxony . With Heinrich's coronation in 919, this property became an imperial property - the crown in the coat of arms of lattice still testifies to this today. At the beginning of 1086, Heinrich IV transferred the imperial property to Bishop Udo von Hildesheim . This donation was a kind of compensation from the emperor to the bishop. In the conflict between Heinrich and the Pope - the investiture controversy - the bishop had sided with the emperor and had also supported Heinrich in the disputes with the Saxon nobility.

After the end of the Hildesheim collegiate feud , lattice fell under the rule of the dukes of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel for 120 years . As a result of the Hildesheim main recess from April 17, 1643 Grid belonged to 1802 again Bishopric of Hildesheim . When Prussian soldiers marched into the Diocese of Hildesheim on August 3, 1802, the Hildesheim Monastery - and with it the grate - fell to the Kingdom of Prussia. In the French period from 1807 to 1813, grid belonged as a commune in the canton of Salzgitter in the district of Goslar in the Oker department of the Kingdom of Westphalia .

From 1815, grid was again part of the Kingdom of Hanover , which in turn was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia in 1866. Here, grid initially belonged to the Liebenburg office . When it was dissolved as a result of the restructuring of the Prussian order of 6 March 1884 was from the city of Goslar and office districts Liebenburg and Wöltingerode district of Goslar formed the grid from now on belonged. At the instigation of the Reichswerke Hermann Göring founded in 1937 , the community of lattice am Berge was incorporated into neighboring Salzgitter (today Salzgitter-Bad) on April 1, 1940. Since April 1, 1942, it has belonged to the newly founded town of Watenstedt-Salzgitter .

After the war, as well as other localities, grid tried to return to the district of Goslar, but this was rejected. However, on April 25, 1949, lattice became the 29th district of Watenstedt-Salzgitter. In 1951 the city was renamed Salzgitter and all parts of the city were given the prefix Salzgitter to their previous names, so lattice became Salzgitter-lattice.

Before the actual incorporation, the former municipality of lattice am Berge had already lost large areas of land to Salzgitter, including in 1936, when the district of Gittertor was incorporated into Salzgitter. For the year 1900 an area of ​​835.2 hectares was recorded, and the community encyclopedia for the Kingdom of Prussia names an area of ​​835.3 hectares. That is almost three times the area of ​​the current district, which is only 300 hectares in size.

Garßenhof

Residential building of the Garßenhof in Salzgitter-Grid, photo 1964

The most famous Gitter farm was the Garßenhof . This was built in 1557, its owner was one of the local arable farmers . The farm's house was moved to Salzgitter-Bad in 1980-82 and is now located between the Ratskeller and the Kniestedter manor house .

Ore mining around lattice

There is already evidence of iron ore mining in the southern Salzgitter region from the end of the 17th century. So z. B. In 1682, the Hildesheim governor Jobst Edmund von Brabeck on the Innerste near Dörnten built a "real mining and steel works", the Kunigunde ironworks . He obtained the iron ore for this from the iron pit east of the Finkenköpf - a mountain range near Dörnten. And around 1750 a washing machine was operated on the Innerstefurt near Hohenrode .

Between 1830 and 1930 there were numerous small businesses in which ore was extracted , partly in open-cast mines and partly in small tunnels . In the area around lattice these were u. a. Blessing of God - later Grube Finkenkuhle (1865–1874, 1887–1900, 1919–1930), Morgenröthe (1858/59, 1893) and Ida (1870–1873, 1920, 1923, 1925–1933).

In 1919/21 Johannes Weigelt discovered the Ringelheim ore ditch during test bores on behalf of the Erzstudiengesellschaft , which in places was over 100 m thick. Subsequently, in August 1936, work began on sinking the grid shaft on the corridor east of the village ; the preliminary final depth was 95 m. In January 1937 the Galberg weather shaft was sunk in the Morgenröthe mine field , north of grid, and a final depth of 84 m was reached here in May.

Map of the ore mining pits in the south of Salzgitter

When the Reichswerke Hermann Göring was founded on October 1, 1937, the mining operations in the Salzgitter area were taken over by the Reichswerke. The aim was to further expand ore mining to supply the planned steelworks in order to achieve independence for Germany from foreign ore deliveries.

As a result, numerous shaft construction works were carried out in the south of Salzgitter during the construction of the grid-Georg mine (from 1954 the Georg composite mine ):

  • Grating shaft : construction started in August 1936, final depth 95 m. Sunk at 227 m between October 1938 and January 1939.
  • Finkenkuhle shaft : sunk between March 1938 and February 1939 at 169 m.
  • Galberg shaft : construction began in January 1937, sunk at 84 m by May 1937 and at 151 m from January to June 1938. Between June 1940 and February 1941 the shaft diameter was enlarged to 5 m and the shaft was sunk to 440 m.
  • Johannes shaft : construction started in January 1939, final depth of 941 m reached in October 1940.
  • Anna weather shaft : Construction began in November 1939. October 1940 Work was stopped at 634 m due to water ingress.
  • Georg shaft : construction began in February 1939, the final depth of 587 m was reached in November 1940. After the war, the Georg shaft was sunk between January 1951 and February 1952 down to 829.5 m.

At the end of the war, ore mining was stopped and some of the mines were drained. In 1946 mining was resumed in the Finkenkuhle mine , and in 1948 in the grid and Georg pits as well . All shafts were connected to one another underground . Until 1956, the ores extracted were brought underground to Finkenkuhle and extracted there, after which ore extraction was switched to the Georg mine .

As the first of the shafts, the grid shaft was shut down in December 1953 and the Georg and Finkenkuhle pits were merged on April 1, 1954 . In July 1956, ore mining began to be discontinued in Finkenkuhle . In the following years, the acceptance conditions for the Salzgitter ores, which were difficult to smelt, deteriorated. This resulted in a sustained decline in the prices for Salzgitter ores, which no longer allowed the mines to operate economically. As the last mine in the region at the Georg shaft , ore mining was stopped on February 28, 1965. The Galberg and Johannes weather shafts were last abandoned in 1966 . Up until the closure, 18.79 million tons of ore had been mined in the Finkenkuhle and grid / Georg pits .

Population development

An early indication comes from a hoof treasure and tithe income register from 1525 - here 11 farms are named in lattice. The Liebenburger inheritance register from 1548 reports in detail on the number of farms, owners, farms and taxes. There were a total of 23 farms, of which 6 were arable farms (with around 46 hooves), 4 half-span farms and 13 manure farms (with around 14 hooves of land) and one free farm. On land, a total of 60 Hufen Feldmark were listed, plus 700 acres of forest and 200 more acres that belonged to the Lords of Schwichelt, von Cramm and the Ringelheim monastery . In the church book of 1573, the pastor and special superintendent Georg Tappe wrote down an initial list of all “residents of the village” by name, 180 people were named here. In 1758 the number of large farms had hardly changed, now there were 5 farms, 3 half-span farms, 11 Kothöfe, 8 Brinkitzer and 9 householders. A tax statement from the same year lists 161 people, including service staff such as maids and servants. And in 1808 there were already 344 residents in 41 houses.

With the development of the ore mining and the Reichswerke Hermann Göring, the population rose to 750 by 1939. After the end of the Second World War , numerous refugees and displaced persons were added, so that in 1953 the highest number was reached with 1,346 inhabitants. Two years later there were only 890 residents, 253 of them refugees. Between 1955 and 2004, the population fluctuated between 800 and 900 people, and since then it has been falling slightly, in line with the trend across Salzgitter.

Sources: The population figures from 1821 to 2000 are based on the statistical yearbook of the Department for Economics and Statistics of the city of Salzgitter. The population statistics from 2001 are based on the monthly statistical reports of the city of Salzgitter (residents with main residence) according to the population register at the end of December.

religion

History of the community

Salzgitter-Lattice Church
Georgskirche zu lattice - drawing from 1820

Already in the 8th and 9th centuries the local area was evangelized by monks from Fulda. At this time a church must have already stood in the lattice, which was presumably consecrated to St. George, the patron saint of the armory as well as the riders and horses. At that time, grid was the seat of an archdeacon , which was moved to Salzgitter around the middle of the 16th century. For the next almost 430 years no pastor had his residence or office in lattice.

Only in 1959 did a pastor move into the newly built parsonage after lattice for the first time since 1530. The independence of the church in lattice changed several times in the past and lattice was temporarily looked after by a second pastor of the Mariae Jacobi community from Salzgitter-Bad. Since 2018 the congregation has formed a church association with the Protestant congregations of Salzgitter-Bad .

History of the Christ Church

By the 12th century at the latest, the first church was latticed. Because of its dilapidation, a new building was considered for the first time in 1820, but it was not realized until the years 1844–1846 according to the plans of the Hanoverian master builder Ludwig Hellner and which has been preserved to this day in an externally unchanged form. Since the 150th anniversary on September 1, 1996, the church has been called "Christ Church".

politics

Local council

coat of arms

The crown in the medieval shape of a leaf crown is reminiscent of the time before 1086, when lattice was part of the royal property. The salt crystals (diamonds) refer to the saltworks mentioned in 1125, which had great economic importance for the place. These are arranged as a grid and thus represent the place name. The green shield field stands for agriculture, which has long been the town's most important line of business. The coat of arms was adopted on June 12, 1989 by a citizens' meeting as the local coat of arms.

Economy and Infrastructure

Grid is typical of the village. In addition to the village community grid, village life is cultivated in various associations.

The place is on the federal highways B 6 (Goslar - Hanover) and B 248 (Seesen - Braunschweig). There are bus connections to Salzgitter-Bad, Salzgitter-Hohenrode and Salzgitter-Ringelheim .

Attractions

The Zum Schäferstuhl glider airfield is located on the grid mountain east of the village , from which one has a wide view of the nearby Harz Mountains, and on the other side of Salzgitter-Bad.

literature

  • Gudrun Pischke: Grid. Twelve centuries of history . Ed .: Stadtarchiv Salzgitter and village community grid (=  contributions to city history . Volume 12 ). Archive of the City of Salzgitter, Salzgitter 1996, ISBN 3-930292-01-7 .
  • Kirstin Casemir: The place names of the Wolfenbüttel district and the city of Salzgitter . In: Jürgen Udolph (Hrsg.): Niedersächsisches toponym book (=  publications of the Institute for Historical Research at the University of Göttingen . Volume 43 ). tape 3 . Publishing house for regional history, Bielefeld 2003, ISBN 3-89534-483-4 , p. 165–167 (at the same time: Göttingen, Univ., Diss., 2002).
  • Mechthild Wiswe : The field names of the Salzgitter area (=  sources and research on Brunswick history . Volume 17 ). Self-published by the Braunschweigischer Geschichtsverein, 1970, ZDB -ID 515291-4 , p. 480 ff . (At the same time: Diss., Univ. Göttingen).
  • Wolfgang Benz (Ed.): Salzgitter. Past and present of a German city. 1942-1992 . Verlag CH Beck, Munich 1992, ISBN 3-406-35573-0 .
  • Franz Zobel : The home book of the district of Goslar . Verlag der Goslarschen Zeitung Karl Krause, Goslar 1928, p. 25-30 .
  • Heinrich Korthöber, Jörg Leuschner, Reinhard Försterling, Sigrid Lux: Mining in Salzgitter. The history of mining and the life of miners from the beginning to the present (=  contributions to the city's history . Volume 13 ). Archive of the City of Salzgitter, Salzgitter 1997, ISBN 3-930292-05-X .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The Statistical Yearbook of the City of Salzgitter 2016 (page 17; PDF; 4.5 MB) shows the area of ​​the districts of Salzgitter-Bad and lattice only together (since 2016: 2221.7 hectares), as these districts do not form separate districts . The area proportions of the individual districts were measured using the map.
  2. ↑ Mechthild Wiswe: Field names. P. 480 ff.
  3. ↑ Kirstin Casemir: place names. Pp. 165-167.
  4. ^ Viehstands and fruit tree lexicon from 1900 for the Prussian state. Volume IX: Province of Hanover. 1903.
  5. ^ Community encyclopedia for the Kingdom of Prussia. (1905 census).
  6. ^ Department for economics and statistics: Statistical yearbook of the city of Salzgitter. City of Salzgitter, accessed on February 22, 2020 (total number of eligible residents (main and secondary residence) © City of Salzgitter).
  7. ^ Department for Economics and Statistics: Monthly Statistical Reports of the City of Salzgitter. City of Salzgitter, accessed on February 22, 2020 (Population at the location of the main residence © City of Salzgitter).
  8. ^ Arnold Rabbow: New Braunschweigisches Wappenbuch. The coats of arms and flags of the communities and districts in the city and districts of Braunschweig, Gifhorn, Goslar, Helmstedt, Peine, Salzgitter, Wolfenbüttel, Wolfsburg . Greatly expanded new edition. Braunschweiger Zeitungsverlag, Braunschweig 2003, ISBN 3-926701-59-5 , p. 36 .