Reppner

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Reppner City of Salzgitter
Coordinates: 52 ° 10 ′ 25 ″  N , 10 ° 18 ′ 24 ″  E
Height :	86 m
Area :	4.47 km²
Residents :	651  (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	146 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation :	April 1, 1942
Incorporated into:	Watenstedt-Salzgitter
Postal code :	38228
Area code :	05341
Location of Reppner in Salzgitter

Reppner is one of the total of 31 districts of the independent city of Salzgitter in Lower Saxony , located in the north-west region . Reppner belonged to the Wolfenbüttel district until March 31, 1942 and became part of the city of Watenstedt-Salzgitter through an administrative act on April 1, 1942. On January 23, 1951, it was officially renamed Salzgitter .

history

Place name

There is no uniform interpretation of the place name, which was first mentioned in writing as Ripenarth in the 12th century . One variant sees the first part of the name as a personal name Hripo , which was common in Old Saxon. Another interpretation derives this term from the Old Norse ripr , which means the slope of a hill. This applies to Reppner, which is located above the Fuhse . The basic word arth stands for a populated place in both cases. The place name could either be interpreted as "settlement of the Hripo" or as "settlement above the river".

The place name is given in 1200 with Repenarde , other spellings are u. a. Repenerde (1310 and 1333), Repener (1372), Repner (1551). In 1784, today's spelling Reppner is used for the first time .

Foundation and early history

The first mention of the place can be found in a document of the diocese of Minden , which was issued between 1140 and 1147. In this, the Minden bishop Heinrich transferred his property in Reppner to the Minden Martinistift . This court was an earlier royal court that Konrad II (1024-1039) had given to the Bishop of Minden around 1030.

The settlement was founded between the 6th and 8th centuries to protect the residents. This can be deduced from the arrangement of the initially eight houses that stood around a square and thus formed a kind of wagon castle against enemy attacks. Only through later extensions, in particular the rebuilding after the fire of 1836, did the place take on the character of a clustered village .

Nienstedt desert

About one kilometer west of Reppner between Barbecke and Lesse was the place Nienstedt ( Lage ). In the Middle Ages, this was the seat of the court ( Goding ). The place was mentioned in 1302 as "Nyenstede iuxta Lesse". The name is unanimously interpreted as “new place, new place”. 25 farms belonged to the place, the Feldmark comprised more than 500 acres of land. Nienstedt was the only place in a wide area to have market rights ; the Midsummer and Martini market was held here once a year. The place fell into desolation for unknown reasons at the beginning of the 16th century . The court responsible for Reppner was then Lichtenberg Castle , the Nienstedter market rights were awarded to the towns of Nieder- and Oberfreden (merged to Lichtenberg from 1857 ) and the land went to the surrounding towns of Lesse, Barbecke and Reppner.

History from the 17th century

Manor house of the court complex Ass.Nr. 1, built 1896/97

Manor house of the court complex Ass.Nr. 9, built 1904/05

A large part of the property belonged to the Hildesheim cathedral chapter at the beginning of the 17th century . Together with the St. Blasii Abbey , the Steterburg Abbey and the Church of Lebenstedt , the spiritual property comprised 495 acres of the 1363.5-acre field mark. The noble families from the region owned a total of 580 acres, the landlords here included the Lords of Salder , the Lords of Cramm and von Bortfeld from Oelber am white road and the Lords of the Asseburg .

After the events of the Thirty Years War , a first survey and assessment of the field mark was carried out in 1686/87. A precise measurement was 1745 by Duke Karl I. arranged. With this, in addition to recording the existing conditions, a new division of the fields should also be achieved. The first survey was carried out in 1752, the discrepancies found were clarified in a second survey in 1779/80. However, no decision has yet been made about the redistribution of the land; this only happened in the coupling (also called separation or land consolidation) carried out from 1867 . In this, the three-field economy, which had been maintained for over 600 years, was dissolved, the previously widely scattered fields were merged and redistributed taking into account size and soil quality. The separation was completed in January 1868, the average size of the arable land increased from 1½ to 13 acres while the number of individual fields was reduced from 654 to 154.

The coupling was preceded by the dissolution of the Meier relationships (leases) and the replacement of the tithe in the years 1844 to 1850 . After more than 1000 years, the farmers became owners of the land they cultivated. To compensate the previous owners, twenty times the previous annual net income was set, with the tenth 25 times and with the services 15 times. The farmers were able to borrow the required capital from the “Ducal Leyhaus in Braunschweig” founded by Duke Karl I in 1765 on favorable terms.

The village has always had a predominantly agricultural character. About 85% of the total area of ​​447.2 hectares is used for agriculture, 3.5% are forests or wooded areas and the rest are settlement and traffic areas. Since the 16th century, 26 to 28 farms with 20 to 180 acres of land have been recorded here. Only after the end of the Second World War did the number of farms decrease, due to the mechanization of agriculture and the need to cultivate ever larger areas for reasons of profitability. In 1990 there were still nine farms in operation, in 2015 there were only three.

Affiliation of the place

Reppner was in the Middle Ages in Astfala -Gau (also called Hastfale , Astfalia or Ostfala ), a part of the Saxon province of Ostfalen . Since the time of Henry the Lion , the region belonged to the rulership of the Guelphs , from which the Duchy of Braunschweig-Lüneburg emerged in 1235 and the Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel in 1269 , to which Reppner had belonged since that time. During the Napoleonic period of the Kingdom of Westphalia (1807 to 1813) Reppner belonged to the canton of Lesse and thus to the district of Braunschweig in the department of the Oker . After the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15, the Duchy of Braunschweig was restored within the boundaries of the old principality. The former cantons Gebhardshagen , Salder and Lesse were merged to form the district court Salder (later district office Salder) and assigned to the Wolfenbüttel district, which became the Wolfenbüttel district directorate in 1832 .

After the end of the First World War , the Free State of Braunschweig became the successor to the Duchy of Braunschweig - from 1933 as "Land Braunschweig" - and Reppner became part of the Wolfenbüttel district. Since April 1, 1942, Reppner has belonged to the newly founded town of Watenstedt-Salzgitter - today's Salzgitter.

Reppner watermills

About 500 m northeast of Reppner was the "Alte Mühle" ( location ), a water mill that was powered by a mill ditch derived from the Fuhse. The mill was mentioned by Reppner as early as 1307 when it was transferred to the St. Blasii Abbey in Braunschweig. From the years 1428 to 1450, the documents of the cathedral monastery also list the income that the monastery received from the mill. At first the miller had to pay 30 shillings to the monastery, from 1447 only half.

Around 1800 the mill had three overshot driven grinding stages and one oil course, and a sawmill was also driven. The drive was later switched to two undershot gears, and electricity has also been generated since 1900. The mill was shut down in 1925, the new mill house built in 1729 was demolished in 1953.

A second water mill, called the "New Mill" ( position ), was mentioned in 1325 when it to the Knights of Salder verlehnt was. The mill was located south of Reppner, roughly on the north bank of today's Salzgittersee . To operate this mill, the Fuhse and its tributary Flothe were dammed into a pond. In 1802 the mill had one upper and two undershot aisles, the grain of the farmers from Reppner and Lebenstedt was ground. Since the separation in 1859, the mill has belonged to the district of Lebenstedt . This mill stopped operating in 1946 and part of the buildings was demolished.

A third watermill was on the eastern edge of the village, directly on the banks of the Fuhse ( Lage ). It was first mentioned in 1489, when the Bishop of Hildesheim enfeoffed the Curd of Asseburg with this mill. This fief was renewed by the bishop around 1670. In the 18th century the drive of this oil mill was switched to Göpel , probably because the Fuhse had too little water at that time. The mill was shut down around 1900.

Camp 24

The "death camp 24", located about 1.5 km south of Reppner ( Lage ), was built in 1939 by the housing company of the Reichswerke Hermann Göring . Originally it was supposed to accommodate workers who were employed in the construction of the steel mill and in the ore mining operations. Because of the great distance to the deployment sites, this plan was discarded, as was a later use as a police warehouse.

In October 1940 the camp was set up for around 2,000 prisoners of war. From March 1942 it was used as a transit camp for Soviet workers; 9,000–13,000 people were now smuggled through the camp every month, with 3,000–4,000 people permanently living in the camp. In 1943, Camp 24 was converted into a deportation camp, sick or injured prisoners were supposed to die here or wait to be transported back to the concentration camps. Between June 1941 and April 1945 at least 633 people who were initially buried in the Reppner cemetery died in the camp and from July 1943 in the Jammertal cemetery .

After the end of the war, the camp served as a DP camp for foreign workers who could not return to their homeland, and to take in refugees and displaced persons. In October 1953 the camp was taken over by "Salzgitter Wohnungs AG" and used to house the homeless. The city of Salzgitter took over the camp in 1958. Parts of camp 24, also known as "Lager Kiehwinkel", were used as accommodation until 1976. In November 1976 the empty barracks were demolished and burned down as part of a fire brigade exercise.

Population development

The first information about the residents of Reppner is from 1539, when there were 17 campfire sites in the village. With an average occupancy of seven residents per fireplace, the place had about 120 residents. A first census of all residents from 1687 names 288 residents. There was no major increase until 1945, the numbers fluctuated between 262 in 1758 and a maximum of 366 in 1890. After the end of the war, the place had 345 inhabitants. For the years between 1946 and 1976, significantly higher population numbers were reported, as the residents of the neighboring "Camp 24" were also counted as Reppner. After that, they fell by around 30% and have increased again since the creation of new residential areas on the southern edge of the town.

Sources: The population figures from 1821 to 2000 are based on the statistical yearbook of the Department for Economics and Statistics of the city of Salzgitter. The population statistics from 2001 are based on the monthly statistical reports of the city of Salzgitter (residents with main residence) according to the population register at the end of December.

politics

Local council

→ Main article : locality northwest

coat of arms

The yellow crown reminds that Reppner was a royal own village about 1000 years ago - the king was the landlord here and the place was therefore directly subordinate to the king. Instead of precious stones, the crown is decorated with ears of corn, which indicates the long tradition of agriculture. The gold-red coat of arms colors used to be both the pen colors of the Hildesheim diocese and the ducal Brunswick family coat of arms colors . They remind us that the place has belonged to the two domains for the longest time in its history: the sovereign was the Duchy of Braunschweig, while the Diocese of Hildesheim owned most of the property in the place.

The coat of arms was adopted as the local coat of arms of Salzgitter-Reppner at a citizens' meeting on March 10, 1989.

religion

Parish

Since the Christianization of the country at the beginning of the 9th century, the church has belonged to the Diocese of Hildesheim, founded in 815, and there to the Archdiaconate Lengede. Lengede also included the churches of Barbecke, Bodenstedt , Broistedt , Bruchmachtersen, Engelnstedt , Klein Lafferde , Lebenstedt, Lesse, Ober- and Niederfreden (from 1857 Lichtenberg), Salder , Westerlinde and Woltwiesche .

The Reformation was first introduced in the country in 1542 . Five years later, Duke Heinrich the Younger ordered a return to the Catholic faith. His son Duke Julius finally introduced the Reformation in 1568. Reppner now belonged to the general superintendent of Bockenem and therein to the special superintendent of Barum , later to Lichtenberg . Around 1900 Lichtenberg also included the parishes of Barbecke, Berel, Burgdorf, Lesse, Oelber awW , Westerlinde and Woltwiesche in addition to Reppner .

Since 1972 the parish of Reppner has formed a parish association together with the parishes of Lesse and Berel , the seat of the association is Lesse.

About 20% of the population of Reppner are Catholic. Until its closure in 2008, these belonged to the parish of St. Elisabeth in Lebenstedt, and since then to the parish of St. Joseph .

Church building

St. Jacobi Church

A first reference to a church ( location ) in Reppner can be found in a document from 1220 in which a pastor Johannes in Reppner is mentioned, but the exact age of the church is unknown. The old church, which was partly demolished and renewed in 1844, consisted of an old defensive tower with one meter thick walls and the attached nave . The tower had three floors with loopholes, access was only possible by stairs from inside the church. The earlier furnishings of the church are known from the inventory lists from the 18th century. Inside there was a triptych on the stone altar table , which was created around 1400. When the cost of renovating the triptych was not raised in 1863, the altar panel was sold to an artist and has been lost ever since. The stone font was made in 1577, but it could not be taken over in the new building in 1846, since 1948 a font designed and made by the sculptor Ilse Becher from Lebenstadt has stood here. The nave had to be demolished in 1844 because it was dilapidated. The tower was repaired and a new nave of the same dimensions as before was added to it. The entrance was moved to the west side of the tower, which had no doors until then, and the new church was consecrated on January 25, 1847.

The oldest bell still in use today was cast in 1637 by the bell founder Heinrich Borstelmann . Another bell from 1710 had to be handed in due to the war in 1918, and its successor from 1932 was also melted down in 1942. Only in 1971 did the church receive a second bell again. Today's organ was built in 1959, it has 648 pipes , which are grouped into three works with a total of twelve registers . During the renovation work from 1958-60, the church received a new altar and a new pulpit, both of which were made of Elm limestone . The priechen (galleries) on the long walls were dismantled, the sacristy was omitted and the window behind the altar was replaced by a stained glass window showing the risen Christ.

literature

• Heinz Feldmann: Reppner - The history of the village in Salzgitter . Ed .: Archives of the City of Salzgitter. Salzgitter 1990.
• Kirstin Casemir: The place names of the Wolfenbüttel district and the city of Salzgitter . Verlag für Regionalgeschichte, 2003, ISBN 3-89534-483-4 , p. 265-266 (Reppner) and 251 (Nienstedt) .
• Mechthild Wiswe : The field names of the Salzgitter area . Self-published by the Braunschweigisches Geschichtsverein, 1970, p. 481 .
• Hans-Hermann Lütgering: Church buildings in Salzgitter . In: Department for Public Relations of the City of Salzgitter (Ed.): Salzgitter Forum . tape 12 , 1986, DNB  880735341 , p. 52-53 .

Individual evidence

1. ^ Wiswe, Flurnamen , p. 481
2. ↑ Casemir, Place Names , pp. 265–266
3. ↑ Heinz Feldmann: Reppner , p. 45
4. ↑ Casemir, Place Names , p. 251
5. ↑ Heinz Feldmann: Reppner , p. 248
6. ↑ Department for Economics and Statistics: Statistisches Jahrbuch 2013. Stadt Salzgitter, December 31, 2013, pp. 17-21 , accessed on February 24, 2020 (Land use in Salzgitter by districts / total © Stadt Salzgitter). 
7. ↑ Heinz Feldmann: Reppner , p. 436
8. ↑ Heinz Feldmann: Reppner , pp. 344–346
9. ^ Reinhard Jacobs MA: Terror under the Swastika - Places of Remembrance in Lower Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt Study commissioned by the Otto Brenner Foundation. (PDF; 394 kB) (No longer available online.) Otto Brenner Foundation, March 2001, p. 104 f , archived from the original on October 20, 2007 ; Retrieved on August 31, 2009 (“Death Camp 24” Reppner). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
10. ^ Gudrun Pischke: Europe works at the Reichswerke . The National Socialist camp system in Salzgitter (=  Salzgitter Research . Volume 2 ). Archives of the city of Salzgitter, Salzgitter 1995, DNB  964471264 , p. 332-334 .
11. ↑ Heinz Feldmann: Reppner , pp. 429-433
12. ↑ Heinz Feldmann: Reppner , p. 522ff
13. ^ Department for economics and statistics: Statistical yearbook of the city of Salzgitter. City of Salzgitter, accessed on February 22, 2020 (total number of eligible residents (main and secondary residence) © City of Salzgitter).  
14. ^ Department for Economics and Statistics: Monthly Statistical Reports of the City of Salzgitter. City of Salzgitter, accessed on February 22, 2020 (Population at the location of the main residence © City of Salzgitter). 
15. ^ Arnold Rabbow: New Braunschweigisches Wappenbuch . Braunschweiger Zeitungsverlag, 2003, ISBN 3-926701-59-5 , p. 39 .