Kawkhan
Kawkhan ( Bulgarian Кавхан , sometimes Kap-khan , ancient Greek καυκάνος, καπχάνης, κοπχάνων) was a title of high medieval, proto-Bulgarian dignitaries.
role
The Kawkhan was the second man in the Bulgarian state, after the Khan (later Knjaz and Tsar ) and before the Ichirgu-Boil , and he possessed considerable power, authority and rights. He was not only Supreme Commander of the Army, but also took on foreign policy tasks. Some Kawkhane signed peace treaties between the Bulgarian and Byzantine empires . They acted as the Supreme Regent until the rulers reached the age of majority. They were members of the Boljar Council and important advisers to the Khan. Some researchers also name offices such as the Supreme Magistrate , Supreme Judge and Deputy of the Khan in connection with the Kawkhan .
origin
The title "Kawkhan" is mentioned for the first time in the ancient Turkish runic inscription from Orkhon , which was found in northern Mongolia. There is also said to have been a Kawkhan among the Avars . Ramstedt assumes a Chinese origin of the title and interprets kap-kwan as the "first official in the state".
In the first Bulgarian Empire , the title goes back to a reform of the Greater Bulgarian Empire carried out by Khan Kubrat in the 7th century .
literature
- Wesselin Beschewliew : The Proto-Bulgarian Inscriptions . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin, 1963
- Constantin Jireček : History of the Bulgarians , Georg Olm Verlag, 1977 (Orig .: Verlag von F. Tempsky, Prague, 1876), ISBN 3-487-06408-1 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Weselin Beschewliew: Първобългарите. История, бит и култура. Plovdiv 2008, ISBN 978-954-91983-2-4 .
- ^ Moravcsik, G. Byzantinoturcica II. Remnants of language of the Turkic peoples in the Byzantine sources. Leiden 1983, ISBN 978-90-04-07132-2 , p. 156
- ↑ Ramstedt, GJ: Old Turkish and Mongolian titles (1939) . Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Aikakauskirja 55, 1951. p. 65.
Web links
- Kawkhan in the dictionary of the Museum of Veliki Preslaw