Balancing

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Coat of arms of those of Saldern

Saldern (up to the 17th century Salder ) is the name of an old noble family from the Hildesheim and Braunschweig region . The parent company of the same name, Schloss Salder, is located on the Fuhse in Salzgitter - Salder . The original name form "Salder" changed in the 17th century with "Saldern", which became common in the 18th century. Originally, the noble family, whose branches still exist today, owned goods only in what is now Lower Saxony , and since the middle of the 16th century also in the Mark Brandenburg .

Family chronicle

First mention

According to the family book, the family is said to descend from Sieghard de Rossis, who came to Germania with Boniface in 718 . A descendant was enfeoffed with Salder in 870, and the family later named themselves after the place. However, the family was first mentioned in a document in 1102 in the Chronicon coenobii Sancti Michaelis, ordinis Sancti Benedicti , in Hildesheim. The knight family von Saldern was enfeoffed with tithes from the Michaeliskloster near Nettlingen (municipality of Söhlde ) this year . The family is documented in 1161 with Thidericius de Saldere among the nobiles layci in the founding deed of the Johannishof Foundation . The line of tribe begins in 1226 with the knight Burchard von Salder , mentioned 1226–1253. From 1299 to 1332 a Johann von Salder is mentioned.

Strong influence in the Hildesheim-Braunschweig-Hanover area

The family's power and reputation were considerable, also due to a double feudal relationship - to the Prince-Bishop in Hildesheim and to the Duke of Braunschweig . "There was probably no castle in the prince-bishopric of Hildesheim that had not at some point been held by the Salderns as pledge" (von Reden-Dohna, 1999, p. 212ff.), Such as B. like Salder, Lichtenberg, Lauenstein or Nettlingen.

The end in the old homeland (today Lower Saxony)

In the Hildesheim and Braunschweig regions, on the other hand, the relationships between the family VS and the Hildesheim prince-bishop and later also the Duke of Braunschweig deteriorated in the 16th / beginning of the 17th century (increasing indebtedness of the state and dissatisfaction with the duke's increased striving for power). It came in 1519 to the so-called Hildesheim collegiate feud between the Hochstift Hildesheim and the Guelph principalities of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel and Calenberg and the vassals Salder, who u. a. led to the victory of the Hildesheimers through the battle of Soltau . The Salderns lost their fiefs and sold their properties. Little by little they left their old home and became Brandenburgers, which led to the family's Märkisches line. The Salder family palace was finally sold in 1695.

New beginning in Brandenburg

Matthias v. S. (1508–1575) was the first Saldern to acquire property in Brandenburg. Already in his youth he came to the electoral court of Brandenburg as a page for the electoral prince Johann Hektor, the later electoral prince Joachim II. This page time became a friendly, confidential and service-oriented collaboration for the electoral house of Brandenburg for Matthias and Joachim II.

Matthias became captain of the Brandenburg Electorate of Brandenburg , feudal lord on Plaue (today a district of Brandenburg ad H), council and chief treasurer (today comparable to the finance minister) with Joachim II. Since he had not paid his chief treasurer for 20 years due to lack of money in the state treasury, Matthias was able to In 1560 he acquired the office of Plattenburg - Wilsnack as compensation . His widow Gertrud, b. v. Hake, founded the "Saldernsche Schule", also called Saldria, in Brandenburg / Havel in 1589 (today from Saldern-Gymnasium ).

The end in Brandenburg

Towards the end of the Second World War, the members of the family fled west. From 1945 onwards, along with other goods, the Plattenburg and Wilsnack goods still in the possession of the von Saldern family in Prignitz were expropriated and the last owner of the Plattenburg, Sieghard v. Saldern, expelled and expelled from the Prignitz district with his family. The family's residence in the Prignitz ended after 13 generations and 393 years.

Feuds and pawns

Balance

Salder Castle

The first seat of the family was Salder Castle on a hill above the Fuhse , where the "Magdeburger Königsweg" ( Deitweg ), a section of the military and trade route from the Rhine to the Elbe, crossed the river and where a small settlement has been located since the Roman Empire had passed. The small castle that protects the ford was built around the year 1000 and was known as the “Alter Hof” or “Kleiner Hof”. Since the time of Henry the Lion this area belonged to the domain of the Guelphs . In 1235, the Duchy of Braunschweig-Lüneburg emerged, after which Salder was divided into the Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel in 1269 . Members of the family served both the Guelph Duchy and the Prince Diocese of Hildesheim . By the 14th century, the family developed into one of the wealthiest families in the area of ​​the knighthoods of Braunschweig and Hildesheim , their possessions were in the entire Harz foreland and they had shares in the Goslar Rammelsberg and the Upper Harz mining .

In 1587, three Saldern brothers, led by Burchard, came into conflict with Duke Julius von Braunschweig over a reform of the Meierrecht , after they had already moved the state parliament to protest against the introduction of Roman law in 1576. Since they were supported by the knighthood, the duke wanted to make an example - he terminated the pledge agreements for Ehrenburg and Lauenstein and had the family and their furniture thrown out by soldiers. His successor, Duke Heinrich Julius , responded to more protests in the parliament with heavy fines, confiscation of Drostei Vienenburg, leaving a mocking Burchard Schandtaler shape. After the brothers filed a complaint with the Reich Chamber of Commerce, they had to flee the country and soon died there. A compromise was reached in the Landtag in 1597; the next generation of the Salderns came to terms with the duke. However, they made their fortune: Nettlingen was sold. Because of a debt totaling 70,000 thalers, Jacob and Heinrich von Saldern pledged their family's ancestral seat, Salder Castle, to Statius von Münchhausen , who soon passed it on to the Saxon War Council. In 1608 he had the castle built today; Münchhausen temporarily took over Equord , but lost it again in his bankruptcy in 1607. Salder Castle was taken over by the Salderns again in 1620, after Sachses bankruptcy and exile, but was soon pledged to the von Quitzow family and sold to the Hereditary Prince August Wilhelm in 1695 after long disputes .

Lichtenberg

Ruins of Lichtenberg Castle in Merian-Stich around 1650

In 1267 the Duke of Braunschweig and Lüneburg , Otto the child , bequeathed the Lüneburg lands to his son Johann. This included the Lichtenberg Castle in today's Salzgitter . In 1273 documents report that jurisdiction ["circa castrum Lichtenberg"] was exercised in the castle. In 1299 Aschwin von Salder was named here as a judge and official (officialis). Perhaps the men possessed of Saldern already at that time the advocacies .

According to the feud book of the city of Braunschweig, the Lords of Saldern undertook raids in the area between 1379 and 1382. In 1379 Aschwin attacked a train of merchant wagons with 17 tons of herrings. The booty was brought to Lichtenberg Castle with the involvement of the escort team. In addition to Aschwin, other robber barons sat at the castle, such as Jan and Borchhard von Saldern, Sieverd von Broistede and Kord von dem Steinberge . After Lichtenberg Castle was taken back by the Brunswick dukes in 1388, the Lords of Saldern continued to receive it as pledge. Between 1390 and 1396 Duke Friedrich mortgaged the castle and the court again to the Lords of Saldern. In the 15th century they were evidently ousted from the castle, as other families were named as castle bailiffs.

Nettlingen

Nettlingen Castle

In the 14th century the family in Nettlingen (today part of the community Söhlde in the district of Hildesheim ) owned fiefdoms from the Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel and the Principality of Hildesheim . Around 1325 the Counts of Wohldenberg had enfeoffed the knights with jurisdiction over the village and with the wood county over the forewood. Kurt von Saldern built Schloss Nettlingen around 1570 and sold it to the brewers' guild in Hildesheim around 1611.

Wohldenberg

Around 1400 Aschwin was named by Saldern as a pledge holder of Wohldenberg Castle near Holle .

Gebhardshagen

On May 22nd, 1406, troops of Hildesheim Bishop Johann III. von Hoya , Heinrich von Bortfeld and Burghard von Cramm , the walls of Gebhardshagen Castle (today Salzgitter-Gebhardshagen ) and took them. The pledge holders, the ducal men Jan and Burchhard von Saldern, received the order to rebuild the armory, the red and gray towers.

Lauenstein

Lauenstein Castle

In 1509 Heinrich von Saldern had signed a contract with the Hildesheim bishop Johannes IV of Saxony-Lauenburg with the promise that the pledge of those from Saldern via Burg Lauenstein and Amt Lauenstein (Salzhemmendorf) , which had existed since 1497, would not be terminated during Heinrich von Saldern's lifetime. After his death, the pledge was to pass exclusively into the episcopal administration. Hans von Saldern, pledge holder of the permanent house Lutter am Barenberge had to reluctantly vacate it. After this evacuation, the bishop supplied his castles in Steuerwald and Peine with food and ammunition as a precaution. In 1515, Burchard von Saldern took over Lauenstein Castle and the Lauenstein office from his father. In the same year, however, Bishop Johannes resigned the three sons of Heinrichs Burg and Amt Lauenstein. The brothers refused to give up because of the said contract. In addition, they demanded 3,000 guilders from the bishop, which they had invested in defense systems - which the bishop refused. Various negotiations followed, which finally resulted in an arbitration ruling by the estates on March 15, 1518: Bishop Johannes was supposed to reimburse those of Saldern for the construction costs, but those of Saldern were to vacate Lauenstein Castle and Office by Easter. But since Burchard refused to accept the repayment of the pledge, he was expelled from Lauenstein Castle in the same year and Stacius von Münchhausen was installed as the Hildesheim Vogt on Lauenstein. After an unsuccessful attack on the castle, Burchard von Saldern burned the hamlet of Lauenstein. In the summer he attached the feud letter with the inscription: “Borchert von Salder do got; dat ick raise every thou fire; I confess that with my hand. ”to the castle gate. Various fights broke out, which eventually expanded into a national political issue: On July 5, 1518, Burchard Schellerten was incinerated . He had Gronau (Leine) set on fire by a hired servant and almost completely cremated. He killed Stacius von Münchhausen. In January 1519 the Hildesheim collegiate feud began .

Henneckenrode

Henneckenrode Castle
The Plattenburg around 1860

In Henneckenrode Henry had the Saldern of 1579/80 Henneckenrode castle built. His son Burchard von Saldern (* 1568; † December 29, 1635) built the chapel in the castle courtyard in 1597. In 1613, before the beginning of the Thirty Years' War , he had the Wilsnack hour bell poured for the Wunderblutkirche in Bad Wilsnack , of which he was the patron. In 1684 Adam Arnold von Bocholtz bought the Henneckenrode property.

Plattenburg

In 1552, the Brandenburg Elector Joachim II had transferred the Plattenburg moated castle in Prignitz , the recently secularized summer residence of the Bishops of Havelberg, to his Chamberlain, Matthias von Saldern, as heir and fiefdom. The castle and its lordship remained in the possession of the von Saldern family until 1945.

In the 18th century, Caspar von Saldern was a civil servant and minister of state for Catherine II of Russia . At the time of King Frederick the Great , the Lord of Saldern-Plattenburg was in disagreement with his cousin, Herr von Saldern-Wilsnack. The Royal Prussian District Administrator Gustav von Saldern-Plattenburg and his wife Thusnelda, b. Countess von Seherr-Thoß , had five children. The two oldest were Thusnelda and her twin sister Agnes, who died at the age of 14. Thusnelda inherited the Meffersdorf Castle , which at that time belonged to the Queiskkreis in Upper Lusatia , where the family moved.

In 1945 Sieghard von Saldern fled with his family from the Red Army to western Germany. The Plattenburg property was distributed in the course of the land reform . After 1990 his eldest son, Dietrich von Saldern, returned. He founded a friends' association with the aim of preserving the Plattenburg. The building became the property of the municipality at that time. Karoline Albrecht, b. Senfft von Pilsach, is the granddaughter of the last private owner and, together with her husband, initially tenants of the castle.

Big plastic

From 1800 to 1850 the Groß Plasten Castle was owned by Lieutenant von Saldern. His daughter Sophie Elisabeth Luise Friederike Henriette von Saldern was entered in the registration book of the Dobbertin monastery on December 7, 1847 under the number 1294 and received a pension (quarter and half increases) from the Dobbertin monastery from 1862 until her death on October 2, 1883 .

Fideikommiss

Former fixed entails of gender:

  • The Plattenburg acquired by Matthias von Saldern (1508–1575), since 1552 in pledge possession, from 1560 to 1945 in hereditary possession of the family, with Plattenburg and Zernikow (Westprignitz)
  • Wilsnack (owned by the family since 1560), consisting of Wilsnack, Övelgünde and Jackel ( Westprignitz ) and Werder / Altmark . The manor house in Wilsnack was expanded into a castle in 1780. It burned down in 1976.
Coats of arms of the von Saldern (left) and Bismarck families on the pulpit of the Wunderblutkirche in Bad Wilsnack

A number of testimonies from the family can be found in the Wunderblutkirche in Bad Wilsnack . The pulpit of the church was donated by Jakob Friedrich von Saldern (* April 18, 1658; † December 24, 1698) after the death of his wife Ottilie Elisabeth von Bismarck (1659–1695). The pulpit is decorated with the Saldern and the Bismarck coats of arms. Two epitaphs are attached to the right and left of the organ . The right is dedicated to Matthias Friedrich von Saldern (born April 22, 1650; † June 3, 1680). The oval portrait, painted in oil on wood, has a putti on each side . Below is a relief depicting Salderns in war equipment with weapons. The epitaph to the left of the organ commemorates the Prussian court and chamber judge Friedrich August von Saldern (* June 28, 1694 - February 20, 1729) and his wife Elisabeth Charlotte von Saldern (* December 17, 1688; † April 5, 1732) , (Daughter of Siegfried Christoph von Saldern auf Plattenburg; used by Krosigk) and other members of the family.

  • Klein-Leppin (Westprignitz)

coat of arms

Coat of arms of Burckhardt von Saldern on the Equord mausoleum church

The family coat of arms shows a red rose in gold. On the helmet with red and gold covers an open black flight.

Family association

The family association founded in 1921 usually holds a family day every two years.

Chairman: Christoph Heinrich vS; Hechthausen

Former chair: Max-Berndt v. S. Hechthausen; Dietrich vS, Hechthausen; Friedrich-Christoph v. S., Seehausen and Munich

Significant namesake

The Danish Minister Caspar von Saldern and his descendants do not belong to the primeval family. Caspar von Saldern (actually Sallern) came from a family of civil servants that had emerged from the peasantry and, together with his brothers, took on the names and coats of arms of those of von Saldern.

This German-Danish family continued in Holstein in a female branch:

School foundation

The widow Matthias von Saldern, Gertrud von Saldern geb. von Hake (1518–1595), donated the former bishop's seat, located at the St. Gotthard Church in Brandenburg on the Havel , to the old town of Brandenburg in 1589 at the instigation of her friend, humanist, rector and town councilor Zacharias Garcaeus . The background to this donation was the fact that the old Latin school to the west of the church could no longer cope with the growing number of students. In the course of this transfer, the Old Town Latin School was named Saldria after her. This school was the first of several traditional schools with the name Saldria , in which the existing von Saldern-Gymnasium European School also sees itself .

See also

literature

  • CH Göroldt: Gender v. Balancing. Oschersleben 1865 (1985).
  • Otto Grotefend : Documents from the von Saldern family, 1932–1938. (Publications of the Historical Commission for Hanover, Oldenburg, Braunschweig, Schaumburg-Lippe and Bremen). Volume 1: 1102-1366, Volume 2: 1366-1500.
  • Prignitzer folk books. Doppelheft 64/65, 1926 (describes the Plattenburg and the von Saldern family; a self-published re-edition edited by Torsten Foelsch in 1994).
  • Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels , Adelslexikon Volume XII, Pages 193-194, Volume 125 of the complete series, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 2001, ISSN  0435-2408
  • Torsten Foelsch: The von Saldern'sche picture collection on the Plattenburg - history and fate of an art collection in the Prignitz. In: Communications of the Association for the History of Prignitz , Vol. 10, Perleberg 2010, pp. 29–51.
  • Torsten Foelsch: The Plattenburg in Prignitz . In: The Mark Brandenburg. Journal for the Mark and Brandenburg , Issue 84, Berlin 2012, pp. 18-25.
  • Torsten Foelsch: Plattenburg . In: Palaces and Gardens of the Mark , edited by Sibylle Badstübner-Gröger, Berlin 2012 (4th, completely revised edition).
  • Genealogical handbook of the nobility (1966). Noble houses, Volume VIII, p. 418, Volume 38 of the complete series, Limburg: Starke.
  • Genealogical handbook of the nobility (1981). Noble houses, Volume XVI, p. 439, Volume 76 of the complete series, Limburg: Starke.
  • Genealogical handbook of the nobility (1996). Noble houses, Volume XXIV, p. 340, Volume 111 of the complete series, Limburg: Starke.
  • Genealogical handbook of the nobility (2012). Noble houses, Volume XXXIII, p. 436, Volume 152 of the complete series, Limburg: Starke.
  • Johannes Meyer: Genealogy of the sex v. Salder in the Middle Ages . In: Family and genealogical tables of the Central Office for German Persons and Family history , 22, Leipzig 1943.
  • Margarete Moll: The knights in the Braunschweig region . In: Journal of the Historical Association for Lower Saxony , 80, 1915, pp. 281–291.
  • Richard Rudloff: Plattenburg u. the family v. Balancing . Pritzwalk 1926.
  • Otto v. Saldem-Brallentin: Genealogy of the primeval noble family v. Balancing . Szczecin 1915.
  • Goth. Noble. Tschb. A 1933 (family tree and older genealogy) to 1939.

Web links

Commons : Saldern  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Chronicle Salder , p. 61
  2. ^ Document book of the Hochstift Hildesheim 1, pp. 308–311
  3. ↑ von Rheden-Dohna, Armgard: The knight seats in the former Principality of Hildesheim . Bartonsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Göttingen 1996, p. 212 ff .
  4. ↑ Chronik Salder , p. 39
  5. ↑ The castle for life . In: Berliner Zeitung , May 6, 2005
  6. ^ Jobst von Saldern: Stories and History from the Family of those von Saldern , Hamburg 2009, p. 221ff.