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Fuhse in Celle

Fuhse in Celle

Data
Water code EN : 484
location Lower Saxony , Germany
River system Weser
Drain over Aller  → Weser  → North Sea
source At Flöthe on the western edge of the Oder forest
52 ° 5 ′ 1 ″  N , 10 ° 29 ′ 48 ″  E
Source height 140  m above sea level NHN
muzzle In Celle in the Aller coordinates: 52 ° 37 ′ 20 ″  N , 10 ° 2 ′ 56 ″  E 52 ° 37 ′ 20 ″  N , 10 ° 2 ′ 56 ″  E
Mouth height 38  m above sea level NHN
Height difference 102 m
Bottom slope 1 ‰
length 100.8 km
Catchment area 917.5 km²
Discharge at the Peine
A Eo gauge : 360 km²
Location: 45 km above the mouth
NNQ (12/15/1976)
MNQ 1965/2014
MQ 1965/2014
Mq 1965/2014
MHQ 1965/2014
HHQ (01/04/2003)
150 l / s
445 l / s
1.66 m³ / s
4.6 l / (s km²)
12.1 m³ / s
30.8 m³ / s
Discharge at Wathlingen
A Eo gauge : 812 km²
MNQ 1971/2006
MQ 1971/2006
Mq 1971/2006
MHQ 1971/2006
1.01 m³ / s
4.16 m³ / s
5.1 l / (s km²)
20.9 m³ / s
Discharge at the mouth
A Eo : 917.5 km²
MQ
Mq
4.6 m³ / s
5 l / (s km²)
Left tributaries Flote, Krummbach, Auebach, Beeke, Katje Fuhse
Right tributaries Schwarzwasser, Erse , Harlacke,
Big cities Salzgitter
Medium-sized cities Peine , Celle
Communities Flöthe , Lengede , Söhlde , Ilsede , Edemissen , Uetze , Bröckel , Nienhagen
Fuhse near Salzgitter-Lebenstedt
Fuhse near Nienhagen
Aller-Fuhsekanal near Celle
The Fuhse flows into the Aller

The Fuhse is a 100 km long orographic left and southern tributary of the Aller in Lower Saxony , Germany .

etymology

The name Fuhse is probably cognate to the Old High German funs and Old English fūs (fast, determined) and can therefore be traced back to a probable old- Germanic root * funsaz (ready, willing).

course

Source and upper course

The Fuhse rises on the western slopes of the Oderwald in the area of ​​the municipality of Flöthe . It takes in other brooks of the Oder forest, which like the Fuhse regularly fall dry. From its source it first flows a short distance to the west, but turns its course to the north at Flachstöckheim . To the east of Lobmachtersen , the Alte Fuhse branches off to the right , which forms the border between the Wolfenbüttel district and the city of Salzgitter . This watercourse is the remainder of the former Fuhselauf, into which water from the Fuhse only reaches during floods due to the higher level of the riverbed. For this reason, the upper course of the Alte Fuhse regularly dries up to the confluence of the Nordbach east of Lobmachtersen. The Meesche , which is called Knickgraben in the upper reaches, flows into the Alte Fuhse west of Cramme .

The Fuhse flows further west in the area of ​​the city of Salzgitter through Lobmachtersen and takes on the Calbechter Bach here . Southeast of Barum the Fuhse then reunites with the Alte Fuhse and turns its course to the west again. The Mühlgraben and Ahrbeek rivers flow from the south to the north of Gebhardshagen . A few kilometers further, the Fuhse reaches Salder , where it borders the grounds of Salder Castle to the south-west, and Salzgitter-Lebenstedt , which flows around the western edge of the village. Here the Mühlengraben flowing to the Sukopsmühle , the Flote and the Ortsbach flow on the left and Schölke and Krähenriede on the right . In the area of ​​the Salzgittersee the Fuhse was moved to the west between 1964 and 1971 so that it no longer flowed through the lake. This prevented a reduction in the water quality of the lake by the river or by impurities introduced into it.

Course in the district of Peine

To the south of Lengede , on the left, the Große Bach flows into the Fuhse, which flows here in a northerly direction. Between Woltwiesche and Klein Lafferde , northwest of Lengede, the course turns west again. The Osterbach coming from the south-west flows here on the left . At Steinbrück the Fuhse turns north again. To the northwest of the village, the Große Lafferder Riethe flows on the right and the Krummbach on the left . After the confluence of the Auebach, southeast of Adenstedt , the Fuhse changes direction again and flows a short distance to the northeast. It flows through Ilsede and takes the Beeke west of Klein Ilsede .

The Pisserbach flows south of Peine on the right before the Fuhse underducts the Mittelland Canal . It then flows through the urban area, picks up the Glindbruchschölke and turns its course again to the northwest. The rest of the way leads you north past Vöhrum and south past Eixe , from the left it takes the Landwehrgraben. The Katje Fuhse, which flows in from the west, flows south of Abbensen on the left . To the north-east of Dollbergen , the Fuhse, which again flows in a north-easterly direction, receives the black water .

West of Eltze , near the Eltzer Mühle, there is an approximately 400 m long connection, called Prangenhohl , to the Erse , which here has approached the Fuhse up to 300 m as the crow flies. This connection can be used to knock off the Fuhse water in the event of high water to avoid flooding in Uetze . At this point the course of the Fuhse turns again to the west and reaches Uetze after a short distance. About one kilometer after leaving the village, the river reaches the Fuhrberg state forest. On the way through the deciduous forest, the Fuhse offers a picture that comes very close to the original that existed before the expansion.

Lower course in the district of Celle

After leaving the forest, the Fuhse changes its direction of flow again to the north. The already mentioned Erse flows southwest of Bröckel . To the east of Wathlingen the Harlake flows in from the east . Then the course turns back to the northwest. The Alte Aue (part of the Burgdorfer Aue ) flows north-west of Nienhagen and the Fuhse Canal branches off . In this artificially created body of water from 1766 to 1769, water from the Fuhse is knocked off during flooding in order to reduce the risk of flooding in Celle. The Fuhse Canal flows into the Aller north of Hambühren .

The Fuhse continues to flow northeast of the canal, takes on the Horstgraben east of Bennebostel (south of Celle-Burg ) on the right , flows through Celle and flows into the northwest of the Neustadt at 33  m above sea level. NHN on the left in the Aller.

On its 100 km long way from the source to the mouth, the Fuhse overcomes 102 meters in altitude, which corresponds to an average bed gradient of 1 ‰.

River system

Reduction of the catchment area

The river system of the Fuhse has been reduced by the hydraulic engineering measures in connection with the construction of the Fuhse Canal.

At the junction of the Fuhse Canal, the Alte Aue , which today has little water , flows into the former course of the Burgdorfer Aue . Where it used to flow into the Fuhse, the Alte Aue now swings into the Fuhse Canal. The two strands of water are only fully connected during floods, with the Fuhse Canal also absorbing water from the Fuhse. The main line of the Burgdorfer Aue leaves the old course at Obershagen and follows the New Aue , which meets the Fuhse Canal at Celle- Wietzenbruch , where the water of the Old and the New Aue reunites and then heads towards the confluence with the Aller near Hambühren . The Burgdorfer Aue has thus changed from what was once the largest tributary of the Fuhse to an equally important tributary of the Aller. As a result, the catchment area of ​​the Fuhse has decreased from around 1305 km² to 917.5 km², and the mean discharge at the mouth sank from around 6.5 m³ / s to 4.6 m³ / s.

Tributaries

  • Exit Alte Fuhse behind Flachstöckheim at 101  m above sea level. NHN
  • Nordbach - right tributary before Lobmachtersen at 100  m above sea level. NHN in the Alte Fuhse
  • Meesche - right tributary at Cramme at 98  m above sea level. NHN in the Alte Fuhse
  • Calbechter Bach - left tributary in Lobmachtersen at 102  m above sea level. NHN
  • Alte Fuhse - right tributary near Barum at 98  m above sea level. NHN
  • Gebhardshagener Bach
  • Hardewegsforstbach
  • Sukop's Mühlgraben - left tributary east of Lichtenberg
  • Mühlgraben - left tributary at Gebhardshagen at 90  m above sea level. NHN
  • Ahrbeek - left tributary at Gebhardshagen at 90  m above sea level. NHN
  • Flote (also Flothe ) - left tributary at Bruchmachtersen at 82  m above sea level. NHN
  • Ortsbach - left tributary near Lebenstedt at 83  m above sea level. NHN
  • Schölke - right tributary near Salzgitter at 82  m above sea level. NHN
  • Krähenriede - right tributary near Salzgitter at 80  m above sea level. NHN
  • Big brook - left tributary at Lengede at 80  m above sea level. NHN
  • Osterbach - left tributary at Woltwiesche at 76  m above sea level. NHN
  • Westerbach - left tributary behind Woltwiesche at 74  m above sea level. NHN
  • Groß Lafferder Riethe - right tributary at Steinbrück at 72  m above sea level. NHN
  • Krummbach - left tributary north of Steinbrück at 72  m above sea level. NHN
  • Auebach - left tributary, flows from the right near the Lauenthaler mill at 72  m above sea level. NHN
  • Beeke - left tributary opposite Klein Ilsede at 68  m above sea level. NHN
  • Pisserbach - left tributary before Peine at 66  m above sea level. NHN
  • Glindbruchschölke - in itself left tributary, underducts the Fuhse, and flows from the right, at Peine at 64  m above sea level. NHN
  • Eixer Grenzgraben - right tributary at Eixe at 64  m above sea level. NHN
  • Landwehrgraben - left tributary north of the Eixe at 62  m above sea level. NHN
  • Katje Fuhse (Kattsche Fuhse) - left tributary before Abbensen at 60  m above sea level. NHN
  • Schwarzwasser - right tributary between Eddesse and Dollbergen at 56  m above sea level. NHN
  • Departure Prangenhohl west of Eltze at 56  m above sea level. NHN
  • Erse - 49 km long, right tributary behind Uetze at 48  m above sea level. NHN
  • Harlake - right tributary east of Wathlingen at 44  m above sea level. NHN
  • Alte Aue ( Burgdorfer Aue ) - left tributary behind Nienhagen at 40  m above sea level. NHN
  • Departure Fuhsekanal north of Nienhagen at 40  m above sea level. NHN
  • Horstgraben - right tributary before Celle-Burg at 40  m above sea level. NHN -

Water quality

The testing of the water quality and the implementation of the European Water Framework Directive is the responsibility of the Lower Saxony State Agency for Water Management, Coastal and Nature Conservation (NLWKN) , which divides the Fuhse into three water bodies: The approximately 21 kilometer long upper course to the Salzgittersee leads the water body number 16045, which is about 60 Kilometers long middle course to the confluence of the Erse the number 16031 and the lower course to the Aller the number 16062.

In the headwaters and in the upper reaches, the Fuhse shows the water quality class II: moderately polluted ( betamesosaprob ) according to the water quality map of the NLWKN . According to the water body data sheet, the overall chemical status is also given as “good”. The overall ecological status is rated as "bad (5)", which could mean a. can be traced back to the unsatisfactory species population ( macrozoobenthos and fish population) and other properties indicated as “bad”. The water structure quality is obtained because the straightened water course, the Sohlabstürze and lack of riparian woodlands notes VI and VII, that is the worst rating.

In the middle part and in the lower reaches the water quality drops to quality class II-III: critically polluted (beta to alphamesosaprobic). Although the overall chemical status is “good” there too, the orientation values ​​for the phosphorus or phosphate content are not adhered to. This is causally linked to pesticide inputs from agriculture. The hydromorphological parameters received the second worst grade VI for almost the entire course. In the lower reaches, the overall ecological status is rated as “moderate (3)”, which takes into account a more favorable species population. The structure receives one or two grades better than the rest of the river in some sections.

The entire river is classified as “Heavily Modified Water Body”.

Watermills

Bergermühle in Eixe (Peine)
The bottom of the Fuhse falls at the former mill in Steinbrück

There were a number of water mills at the foot . Some are still recognizable today:

Sights and buildings

In Salzgitter-Salder, the grounds of the Renaissance castle are bounded by the Fuhse and the pond in the castle park is fed by it. The museum of the city of Salzgitter is located in the castle.

In Steinbrück, the historic east-west trunk road, today's B1 , crosses the Fuhse. There are the remains of the mill and a historic moated castle.

Hints

Web links

Commons : Fuhse  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. a b LGLN : Topographic Map 1: 50,000 , as of 2000, CD-ROM Top50 Viewer
  2. NLWKN : Inventory of the implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive, Fuhse / Wietze processing area , Braunschweig November 2004, Table 3.
  3. Water quality report Fuhse-Wietze 2003 Series of publications Volume 9 of the former NLWK - text available as PDF
  4. ^ Deutsches Gewässerkundliches Jahrbuch Weser-Ems 2014. Lower Saxony State Agency for Water Management, Coastal and Nature Conservation, p. 183, accessed on October 4, 2017 (PDF, German, 8805 kB).
  5. Operational monitoring and integrative volume management for the Fuhse-Wietze groundwater body - Wulbeck sub-project - Phase II Chapter 2 (surface water); Water association Peine; Wettmer, October 2007; Page 12; On: wasserblick.net (pdf, german)
  6. Wathlingen gauge value , increased by the area runoff of the 105.5 km² remaining catchment area, approximated from the relevant intermediate catchment area of ​​the Celle , Wathlingen , Aligse , Feuerschützenborstel , Wieckenberg and Marklendorf gauges (4.9 l / s km²)
  7. Article in Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde
  8. Germanic root * funsaz in the English-language Wiktionary , accessed on February 5, 2018.
  9. NLWKN : Water quality report Fuhse-Wietze 2003 , Braunschweig April 2003, p. 9.
  10. Information from the City of Salzgitter on Lake Salzgitter , PDF file, 1.8 MB, accessed on November 9, 2014
  11. Measurement in the TK25
  12. Wathlingen and Aligse water level values , increased by the drainage of the remaining catchment area, approximated from the relevant intermediate catchment area of ​​the Celle , Wathlingen , Aligse , Feuerschützenborstel , Wieckenberg and Marklendorf gauges (4.9 l / s km²)
  13. ^ Franz Wrede: Low German Dictionary of the Sievershausen Parish , Burgdorf i. Hanover . A contribution to the dialect of the Südheide, Celle 1960
  14. NLWKN : Water body data sheet 16045 Fuhse , as of 2012, NLWKN website on the EU Water Framework Directive, accessed on July 28, 2014.
  15. NLWKN : Water body data sheet 16031 Fuhse , as of 2012, NLWKN website on the EU Water Framework Directive, accessed on July 28, 2014.
  16. a b NLWKN : Water body data sheet 16062 Fuhse , as of 2012, NLWKN website on the EU Water Framework Directive, accessed on July 28, 2014.
  17. Water quality Fuhse Quelle
  18. Water quality in Fuhse Mitte
  19. Water quality at the Fuhse estuary
  20. The watermill in Peine - Eixe. Mühlenstrasse working group id Mühlenvereinigung Niedersachsen - Bremen eV, accessed on July 20, 2017 .