Lebenstedt

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Lebenstedt
City of Salzgitter
Local coat of arms of Salzgitter-Lebenstedt
Coordinates: 52 ° 9 ′ 40 ″  N , 10 ° 19 ′ 27 ″  E
Height : 89  (84-95)  m
Area : 13.73 km²
Residents : 45,468  (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 3,312 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : April 1, 1942
Incorporated into: Watenstedt-Salzgitter
Postcodes : 38226, 38228 (Fredenberg)
Area code : 05341
map
Location of Lebenstedt in Salzgitter
Town hall of the city of Salzgitter in Salzgitter-Lebenstedt
Town hall of the city of Salzgitter in Salzgitter-Lebenstedt

Lebenstedt is one of the total of 31 districts of the independent city of Salzgitter in Lower Saxony , located in the north . The former village of Lebenstedt belonged to the Wolfenbüttel district until March 31, 1942, and by law on April 1, 1942 it became part of the city of Watenstedt-Salzgitter, which was renamed Salzgitter with effect from January 1951.

geography

Lebenstedt is the most populous district and forms the administrative center of Salzgitters. It is located in the north of the city and belongs to the locality north , one of seven localities into which the large city of Salzgitter is divided.

The Fredenberg residential area also belongs to Lebenstedt .

history

Early to 1937

An important archaeological site discovered in 1952 provides evidence that around 50,000 years ago people lived in the area of ​​Lebenstedt for a while. It is known as the Salzgitter-Lebenstedt archaeological site . In addition to the bones of reindeer, horses, bison and mammoths, a part of a Neanderthal's body was found.

The village of Lebenstedt was first mentioned as Livenstede in a document from King Lothar III. dated June 17, 1129. The spelling of the place name changed several times over the centuries (including 1363 Levenstedde , 1551 Lebenstede , 1802 Lewenstedt ). It wasn't until the middle of the 19th century that today's spelling prevailed. The first settlement period is probably well before it was first mentioned. According to place name research , the ending -stedt indicates a settlement in the pre-Franconian period (before 772), i. H. towards the time of the Saxon land development.

Documents from the 13th and 14th centuries show that the clustered village was the seat of a noble and knight dynasty who, according to an addendum in the property register of the Goslar cathedral monastery from 1181, lived in a " castrum " (castle). From 1235 Lebenstedt belongs to the Duchy of Braunschweig . Before that it was assigned to the county of Wöltingerode-Wohldenberg .

Two water mills and three post mills indicate that fertile agriculture was practiced in Lebenstedt on the loess soil . As early as 1325 there was documentary evidence of the two water mills on the Fuhse. The first indication of the size of the village at the end of the Middle Ages comes from a document from 1291, according to which the titular rights over 72 hooves of cultivated area (with a hoof size of 30 acres this is 2160 acres) were transferred to the Riddagshausen monastery . After 1850 for the separation carried out surveying six were in Lebenstedt arable farms , three Halbspännerhöfe , six Großkothöfe and 36 Kothöfe present, which managed 2,053 acre arable and meadow.

In the Middle Ages and the early modern period, Lebenstedt was badly affected or devastated in several feuds and wars. For example in 1495 in the battle between the Duke of Braunschweig and the city of Braunschweig, in 1552 on the occasion of the destruction of Lichtenberg Castle and in 1519–23 collegiate feud between the Hildesheim Monastery and the Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel .

Development from 1937

In the background residential development in 1961 (Lebenstedt, Sudermannstraße), in the foreground school children from the Goethe School at that time

The end of the village was heralded in 1937 when the decision was made to build up the Reichswerke Hermann Göring (now Salzgitter AG ) and the village was defined as an area for the necessary residential buildings and infrastructure for the workers required. From this point on, the farmers were resettled or compensated for their property, especially on small farms, with cash payments. The city emerged from 1937 under the planning name "Hermann-Göring-Stadt". The location was chosen around 5 km west of the steelworks (outside the main wind direction), in the village of Lebenstedt. Until March 31, 1942, Lebenstedt belonged to the Wolfenbüttel district . When the city of Watenstedt-Salzgitter was founded on April 1, 1942, the village community became part of the city of Watenstedt-Salzgitter, which was officially renamed Salzgitter on January 23, 1951 . The population rose sharply in line with the progress of residential construction (5000 apartments were built by the end of the war in 1945). As a result of the war and the post-war years, efforts to become a town stalled. It was not until the mid-1950s that the torso became the much-cited city in the country due to the increased construction of schools, shops, authorities, churches and other infrastructure measures.

Population development

The oldest population figures are known from the years 1771 with 507, 1821 with 562 and 1891 with 571 people.

In contrast to the population development in the state of Braunschweig in the 19th and early 20th centuries, there is no upward trend in the village of Lebenstedt, rather it stagnated. During this time the village was no longer a living space for some residents. The rapidly growing cities (here in particular Braunschweig ) had the desired jobs in industry and commerce. The emigration overseas (75 residents between 1845 and 1879) also contributed to this.

The rapidly increasing numbers from 1938 are related to the development of the Salzgitter area and the associated housing construction. Unfortunately, there are no official population figures for the period from 1939 to 1945 that reflect the rapid increase up to the first census after the war in 1946. The downward trend from 1970 affects not only Lebenstedt, but the entire city of Salzgitter, which had sunk below the 100,000 mark. This trend has not only stopped for Salzgitter since 2012, but also for Lebenstedt.

Sources: The population figures from 1821 to 2000 are based on the statistical yearbook of the Department for Economics and Statistics of the city of Salzgitter. The population statistics from 2001 are based on the monthly statistical reports of the city of Salzgitter (residents with main residence) according to the population register at the end of December.

religion

St. Andrew's Church

historical development

The oldest church in Lebenstedt is the St. Andreas village church , which was inaugurated in 1859. When the previous church was demolished, it was found that it had been expanded twice over the centuries and that it was probably built as a chapel around 500 years ago. The first written evidence of the existence of a parish in Lebenstedt is the naming of a pastor in 1281. The increased missionary work in the local area began with the establishment of the Hildesheim diocese in 815 and the subsequent establishment of archdeaconate churches . One such central church was in Lengede , which also included the village of Lebenstedt.

The Reformation was introduced in Lebenstedt in 1542. Due to a Counter-Reformation on the Catholic side, the Reformation could only finally develop from 1568. Until the establishment of the former Reichswerke and the associated influx of workers from all parts of Germany, the religious affiliation of the living towns changed. In particular from the western parts of Germany and Upper Silesia there was an increased influx of people with the Roman Catholic religion. The large number of refugees after the war contributed to a further mixture on the religious question. During this time, missing rooms hindered the work of both churches. This deficiency could only be remedied with new buildings from the mid-1950s. At the end of 2011, 33.2% (13,544 people) belonged to the Protestant and 18.7% (7,641 people) to the Roman Catholic Church. All other citizens (48.1% or 19,655 people) are recorded under the heading “Other”.

Evangelical Lutheran Church

Salzgitter-Lebenstedt is the seat of an evangelical-Lutheran provost of the same name of the regional church in Braunschweig . In the Lebenstedt district, it includes the churches of St. Andreas (consecrated in 1859), St. Johannes and Martin Luther (both built in 1956), St. Paulus (built in 1964), Friedenskirche (in Fredenberg, built in 1968), and St. Matthew (1968 built, not used since 2007) and the St. Markus parish hall (in Seeviertel, built in 1972).

Catholic Church

St. Michael Church

In addition to the church of the same name on Suthwiesenstrasse, which was built in 1956/57, the Catholic parish of St. Joseph also has the church of St. Michael on Salderschen Strasse, which was built in 1953 and a tower was added in 1983. Fredenberg is the seat of the parish of St. Maximilian Kolbe with the St. Maximilian Kolbe Church on Einsteinstrasse, which was inaugurated in 1977 . Both parishes belong to the deanery Goslar-Salzgitter. The Church of St. Elizabeth , built in the Neißestraße 1967-69, 2008 was profaned .

In addition to the churches, community centers and, in some cases, denominational kindergartens were built. Due to the declining number of members, there are no more services in the St. Matthew Church and St. Elisabeth Church.

Other denominations

The free church congregations are represented in Lebenstedt by the Christian congregation Elim , the free evangelical congregation and the evangelical free church. There is also the New Apostolic Church , the Romanian Orthodox Church , Jehovah's Witnesses and the Seventh-day Adventist Church . The Turkish-Islamic community DITIB and the Islamic community IGMG each have a mosque in Lebenstedt.

politics

Local council

coat of arms

Blazon : Above a silver (white) corrugated shield base in red, a golden (yellow) lion's head peeking over two diagonally crossed golden (yellow) steel sampling scoops .

The lion's head is taken from the coat of arms of the noble family von Lebenstedt (1240 to the first quarter of the 14th century), which was first handed down on a seal from 1303. The two ladles under the lion's head are used in the iron and steel industry to take liquid samples from the blast furnace to control the smelting process. The trowels thus represent the steel industry, the structure of which was the basis for the upswing in Lebenstedts. The silver wave shield base represents the nearby Salzgittersee, a local recreation area. The main colors yellow-red of the coat of arms are the former standard colors of the Duchy of Braunschweig - they remind us that Lebenstedt belonged to the Duchy of Braunschweig for a long time.

The coat of arms was adopted by a citizens' meeting in January 2009.

Culture and sights

Tower of Work (2005)
Mining sculpture in Lebenstedt

This district is architecturally interesting because it was built mainly in the garden city style. The planning and construction was done in sections. The names of the sections named according to the construction progress are still common among the population for orientation in the city. The northern part of Lebenstedts is called Krähenriede, the southwest Fredenberg and east of Salzgittersee is the Seeviertel. The former village of Lebenstedt between Salzgittersee and Albert-Schweitzer-Straße is called "The Old Village". The remaining part of Lebenstedt has no name.

In addition to the cultural offerings, Lebenstedt offers regular events in the auditorium of the Fredenberg grammar school, the Fredenberg bridge and in the culture barn in the old village. The school offer with an integrated comprehensive school, two grammar schools, two secondary schools and several vocational schools also has a central focus.

Buildings

  • In the center of the shopping area is the 14 m high sculpture " Tower of Work " by Jürgen Weber , on which the changing history of the city of Salzgitter is depicted in four reliefs.

Green spaces and recreation

To the west of Lebenstedt, in the Fuhseniederung, lies the Salzgittersee , a local recreation center for the Salzgitterans. Two long sandy beaches, large sunbathing areas, beach volleyball courts, a pirate children's playground, a disc golf course with 12 baskets, a water ski facility and extensive walking paths are part of the offer. In the immediate vicinity of the lake there is the indoor swimming pool, the ice rink, a sports field with a grandstand, several boathouses for water sports clubs, an angler's home, and a diving and surfing base.

Memorials

To the east of Lebenstedt is the Jammertal Cemetery Memorial , where almost 3,000 people were buried who had died in the labor camps and sub-concentration camps in Salzgitter during the Nazi regime .

Economy and Infrastructure

Although Lebenstedt is in the north of the city of Salzgitter, this is the actual center of the city. In addition to the town hall, main post office, land registry, district court, clinic, police station and city library, many shopping opportunities have also been created in the green field district. The pedestrian zone of Lebenstedts built in the 1950s has been expanded over the years. The roofed City-Carrée shopping center with 16,000 m² of retail space has also existed since 2008 . Lebenstedt is also the seat of the Federal Office for Radiation Protection, founded in 1989 .

traffic

The A 39 motorway leads past Lebenstedt with four junctions. Local public transport in the city is served by the Braunschweig motor transport company. Lebenstedt station has been the terminus of the regional railway line to Braunschweig since 1984 .

Sons and daughters of the district (selection)

  • Andreas Schoppe (around 1538–1614), Lutheran theologian, writer of edification and chronicler
  • Eva Viehoff (* 1958), agricultural engineer and politician
  • Martin Biastoch (* 1965), classical philologist, high school teacher in Göttingen

literature

  • Archive of the city of Salzgitter, editors: Ursula Wolff, Jörg Leuschner and Sigrid Lux ​​(eds.): From the village to the city center. The development of Lebenstedts in the 20th century (=  contributions to city history . Volume 23 ). Salzgitter 2008, DNB  997721154 , p. 184-192 and 331-350 .
  • Reinhard Försterling, Jörg Leuschner, Sigrid Lux, Gert Metell, Reinhard Obst: The north of the village in old views - Bruchmachtersen, Engelnstedt, Salder and Lebenstedt . Ed .: Archive of the City of Salzgitter (=  contributions to the city's history . Volume 11 ). Salzgitter 1994, DNB  947872485 , p. 275-543 .
  • Helmut Romoth (pastor at the Martin Luther Church in Salzgitter-Lebenstedt): The old Lebenstedt - a church local history . Salzgitter 1966.

Web links

Commons : Lebenstedt  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kirstin Casemir: The place names of the district Wolfenbüttel and the city of Salzgitter (=  Lower Saxony place name book . Volume 3 ). Verlag für Regionalgeschichte, 2003, ISBN 3-89534-483-4 , p. 220–221 (At the same time: Diss. University of Göttingen, 2002).
  2. ↑ Reinhard Obst: Document information on the village of Lebenstedt. Salzgitter City Archives
  3. ↑ Reinhard Obst: The change in agriculture in the course of the 19th century in the village of Lebenstedt . Salzgitter City Archives
  4. ↑ a b Department for Economics and Statistics: Statistical Yearbook of the City of Salzgitter. City of Salzgitter, accessed on February 22, 2020 (total number of eligible residents (main and secondary residence) © City of Salzgitter).
  5. ^ Department for Economics and Statistics: Monthly Statistical Reports of the City of Salzgitter. City of Salzgitter, accessed on February 22, 2020 (Population at the location of the main residence © City of Salzgitter).
  6. ^ Reinhard Obst, Festschrift St. Andreas Gemeinde, 140 years of new construction 1859–1999. Salzgitter City Archives
  7. ^ City of Salzgitter: St. Johannes Church in Lebenstedt
  8. ^ City of Salzgitter: Martin Luther Church in Lebenstedt
  9. ↑ This is what Lebenstedt's coat of arms looks like , Salzgitter-Zeitung of January 24, 2009, page 18
  10. ^ Salzgitter-Lebenstedt Sections I - X. Dr. Alexander Keck, September 2009, accessed September 23, 2009 .
  11. ↑ CityLebenstedt Gallery: City center in motion - view from above. (PDF) June 2015, accessed June 20, 2015 .