Immendorf (Salzgitter)

Immendorf City of Salzgitter
Coordinates: 52 ° 8 ′ 42 ″  N , 10 ° 26 ′ 46 ″  E
Height :	94 m
Area :	2.31 km²
Residents :	410  (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	178 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation :	April 1, 1942
Incorporated into:	Watenstedt-Salzgitter
Postal code :	38239
Area code :	05341
Location of Immendorf in Salzgitter
View into Immendorfer Strasse, the former courtyard Ass.-Nr. 1

Immendorf is one of the total of 31 districts of the independent city of Salzgitter in Lower Saxony , located in the east . Immendorf belonged to the Wolfenbüttel district until March 31, 1942 and became part of the city of Watenstedt-Salzgitter through an administrative act on April 1, 1942. On January 23, 1951, it was officially renamed Salzgitter .

history

Place name and foundation

The first written mention of the place name comes from a Hildesheim document from April 18, 1175 about a legal dispute in which a Reimbreit de Immenthorp had signed as a witness.

The base word of the place name refers to the old Saxon first name Immo , so that the name can be interpreted as "Siedlung des Immo". Early place names are Immenthorp (first mentioned in 1175), Immendorp (name of the place 1220 or 1223), Jmmendorp (1318), Ymmedorpe (1368–70), Ummendorpe (1382) and Ymmendorppe (1401). In 1542 the name Immendorf appears for the first time in a church visit report and has been used consistently since then.

Place names that end in -dorf are also used in Salzgitter with Ohlendorf and Hallendorf . This naming is often found in the founding of localities from the 9th to 12th centuries, so that Immendorf was probably founded during this time.

Affiliation of the place

The place was at the intersection of two important military roads: Frankfurter Heerstraße ran from Seesen to Braunschweig from south to north . The Heerstraße came from Lichtenberg / Salder from the south-west and continued to Wolfenbüttel . Since 1584 there was a customs post in Immendorf on Frankfurter Heerstrasse in the course of the Braunschweig state border (called Immendorfer Damm) running here .

In a document from 1368, in which the court Beddingen is mentioned for the first time , the associated places are listed. In addition to Immendorf, the towns of Köchingen , Wierthe , Vallstedt , Alvesse (all of Vechelde ), Stiddien , Geitelde , Leiferde (all of Braunschweig), Üfingen , Sauingen , Bleckenstedt , Beddingen , Drütte , Thiede (all of Salzgitter), Fümmelse , Groß belonged Stöckheim , Adersheim and Halchter (all city of Wolfenbüttel) to the court. The court belonged to the Diocese of Hildesheim until the 14th century , and since 1406 it has belonged to the Duchy of Braunschweig-Lüneburg . A good half of the village, namely 34 Hufen, belonged to the dukes of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel in the 14th century. They lent their land to the von Dorstadt family in 1318 , who also assumed the patronage of the church.

During the Napoleonic period of the Kingdom of Westphalia (1807 to 1813) Immendorf belonged to the rural canton of West Wolfenbüttel and thus to the Braunschweig district in the Oker department . After the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15, the Duchy of Braunschweig was restored within the boundaries of the old principality. The former cantons of Western and Eastern Wolfenbüttel were dissolved and merged to form the Wolfenbüttel District Court, which became the Wolfenbüttel District Directorate in 1832 .

After the end of the First World War , the Free State of Braunschweig became the successor to the Duchy of Braunschweig - from 1933 as "Land Braunschweig" - and Immendorf became part of the Wolfenbüttel district. Since April 1, 1942, the place has belonged to the newly founded town of Watenstedt-Salzgitter - today's Salzgitter. With the regional reform of April 1, 1972, seven localities were formed in Salzgitter, and Immendorf has belonged to the eastern part of the village ever since .

Agriculture

Former Hof Ass.-Nr. 1 in Immendorf

In an inheritance register from 1566, five farms, one half-span farm and eleven Kothöfe were listed for Immendorf , in 1625/26 there were a total of 20 farms. In the Thirty Years' War , a half-span farm and two farms fell into desolation, and it was not until 1740 that there were five farms and fourteen manure farms again. To the place belonged a field mark of about 1100 acres and a forest, which Immendorf had to share with the neighboring places Drütte and Adersheim .

In the years 1843 to 1845 the Meier contracts (leases) were dissolved and the tithe was replaced. After more than 1000 years, the farmers became owners of the land they cultivated. To compensate the owners, 18 times the previous annual net income was set, and 25 times the cash benefits. The farmers were able to borrow the required capital at favorable conditions from the "Ducal Leyhaus in Braunschweig" founded by Duke Karl I. in 1765 . At the same time, the coupling (also called separation or land consolidation) began. In this, the three-field economy , which had been maintained for centuries, was dissolved, the previously widely scattered fields were merged and redistributed taking into account size and soil quality. The land consolidation in Immendorf was completed in 1848.

In order to build up the Reichswerke Hermann Göring from 1937 onwards, the Reich Resettlement Society bought about half of the Immendorfer Feldmark. Three farmers from Immendorf were relocated outside. Due to the settlement of big industry, the village has lost its predominantly agricultural character. In 2013 only 42% of the total area of ​​231  ha was used for agriculture, 2.4% was forest or woody plants. More than half are occupied by commercial, residential and traffic areas. In 2005 there were only three farms left. Most of the town's residents work in the factories of the neighboring industry.

Windmills

Three windmills have survived in the district of Immendorf .

North of Immendorf was on a small hill, the Fröchtlingsche mill, a windmill . The name of the mill is derived from the last owner family. A miller was mentioned here as early as 1530. The miller's house was a little off the beaten track, and since 1600 this was also the seat of the forester's house. In the course of the establishment of the Reichswerke, the miller was expropriated in 1937 and the mill was stopped. The mill building was demolished in the cold post-war winter of 1946/47 by the residents of the surrounding camps and used as firewood.

A Dutch windmill stood a little north of the Fröchtlingsche mill . This mill was built in Eisenbüttel in 1843 as a Lohmühle (a mill for crushing vegetable tanning agents for the production of leather) and was moved to Immendorf in 1855, the miller's yard was in Leinde . The mill burned down in 1928 and was not rebuilt.

The youngest windmill, the Niehoffsche Mühle, also a post mill, stood on the road to Watenstedt , it was built between 1807 and 1813 (French times). It was a flour mill with two grinding courses , of which only one was allowed to be operated. The mill was demolished in 1909.

Sugar factory

As a result of the land consolidation completed in 1848, the cultivation of sugar beet had also become profitable. The first sugar beet factory in what is now Salzgitter was founded in 1849 in Üfingen . The sugar beet factory in neighboring Barum was opened in 1857 and that of Immendorf in 1871. The Immendorfer factory was conveniently located on the old Heerstraße to Braunschweig and on the railway line of the Braunschweigische Landesbahn, which was operated from 1886 . Around 1900 the beet cultivation area was about 610 hectares, on this 211,000 quintals of beets were harvested. Before the First World War, 172,000 dz of sugar beet were processed, in 1938 it was 143,670 dz. When half of the cultivation area had to be given up in the course of building up the Hermann Göring works, the sugar beet factory was closed in 1940 and the beets were processed in neighboring Barum from now on. An apprentice workshop was set up in the building for the neighboring hut . This was destroyed in a bomb attack on November 2, 1944, killing 47 young apprentices.

Labor and residential camps

Memorial on the B 248

In the spring of 1941, a large camp complex was built in the area around Immendorf, south of the town and west of Leinde, on today's B 248 . This belonged to the Braunschweig steel works, the individual sections were referred to as warehouse H – M. Camps H and M each consisted of twelve barracks, camps I, K and L each consisted of ten. Between May and October 1944, four of the camps were converted into the Watenstedt / Leinde satellite camp, and camp L was used to accommodate prisoners of war. At the end of 1944, 2000 male and 800 female prisoners were housed in the concentration camp. On April 7, 1945, the SS "cleared" the satellite camp before the Americans marched into Salzgitter. A memorial for the victims of the satellite camp is located on the B 248 approximately opposite the former local entrance to Leinde.

Between Watenstedt and Immendorf, camps 6, 9, 11, 22, 23, 31, 36 and 46 (only completed in mid-1943) were a large camp complex that housed mostly workers from the nearby iron and steel works. After the end of the war, the British military government ordered the establishment of the Immendorf refugee camp in these camps in November 1945 . Some of the camps were handed over to the United Nations Emergency Aid and Reconstruction Administration (UNRRA) as residential camps for refugees and DPs in early 1946 . Camps 22, 23 and parts of 46 were used from November 1945 to accommodate refugees; from April 1946 these became the central transit camp for all arriving refugees who were to remain in the state of Braunschweig. A total of around 120,000 people were smuggled through here, with a maximum of 5200 people living here in a very confined space. The large flow of refugees ended in the summer of 1947, but since further distribution stalled due to a lack of living space, the occupancy only decreased slowly. The transit camp was closed in 1952 and the last barracks demolished in 1962.

Camp 39, which was set up as a women's camp in the spring of 1942, was also to the west of Immendorf. Most of these women initially worked in the farms of the property administration. From 1943 they were increasingly used in industrial production. After the end of the war, the camp was no longer used.

See also : List of living and labor camps in the Salzgitter area

school

In reports from the years 1569 and 1716, a first school on the Brinksitzerhof Ass.-Nr. 1 mentioned. In 1770 it is reported that the school was part of the Ass.-Nr. 2 was relocated, which also included the teacher's house. The classroom had an area of ​​12 m² and could accommodate ten to twelve children. In 1801 another small classroom was made available. From 1855 onwards the community erected Ass.-Nr. 4 a new school building that could accommodate around 35 students. In 1868 14 girls and 15 boys attended school. In 1894 the school got a larger classroom, as it now had 73 schoolchildren who were taught alternately in the morning and in the afternoon. The Immendorfer school was closed in 1966 and lessons were transferred to the school in Watenstedt. By the end of the 1990s, the municipal administration office was set up in an outbuilding. The volunteer fire brigade has been using some of the rooms in the former school since 1989; the village community room is also located here.

Population development

Population figures for Immendorf have been available since 1616, when the place had 94 inhabitants. 111 residents were registered for 1672, in 1741 there were 104 residents who lived in 20 farms and in 1798 the population had risen to 203. After the Second World War, the number rose to 753 (in 1953) due to the influx of refugees. The number has been below 500 again since the mid-1990s.

Sources: The population figures from 1821 to 2000 are based on the statistical yearbook of the Department for Economics and Statistics of the city of Salzgitter. The population statistics from 2001 are based on the monthly statistical reports of the city of Salzgitter (residents with main residence) according to the population register at the end of December.

church

St. John's Church

Altar of St. John's Church

The church building was first mentioned in a church directory from 1570. At this time the church must have already stood, but it says that the age of the church is not known. The tower, probably initially used as a defense tower , is certainly older, it is believed that it was built around 1100. The only bell in the tower was cast in 1707 by the Brunswick bell founder Christian Ludewig Meyer . It did not have to be given up in the world wars and is still used today. The first church tower clock was given to the community in 1883, which was replaced in 1936 by a new clock from the company Weule from Bockenem .

The entrance to the church is on the south side of the tower. On the opposite wall of the tower a memorial for those who died in the two world wars was inaugurated in 1961. In front of the church there is a memorial for the fallen, which shows a praying soldier.

The masonry altar is closed by a stone slab. A recess is carved into this, which once served to hold a relic , so the altar plate dates from before the Reformation . The baroque and richly decorated altar wall was donated to the church in 1740 on the occasion of the renovation by Albrecht and Andreas Wilhelm Niehoff. To the right of the altar is the baptismal font , above which hangs a wooden baptismal angel from 1783.

The church received its first organ in 1839, it was a gift from the postman Niehoff and was made by the organ builder Friedrich Ernst Lindrum from Goslar . During the preliminary investigations for the major renovation of the church in 1963/65 it was found that the organ could no longer be repaired, so it was decided to buy a new organ. This new organ was consecrated on September 20, 1968, it has four registers with a total of 336 pipes .

Since 1318 at the latest, the von Dorstadt family had patronage over the church. With the introduction of the Reformation in 1568 by Duke Julius , this fell to the Dukes of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel , and the community has since belonged to the Barum special superintendent . Since 2019 the parish has formed the parish association "Salzgitters Norden" with the surrounding parishes and belongs to the provost of Salzgitter-Lebenstedt. Since 1965 the Immendorfer Church has been called the "St. Johannes Church".

politics

Local council

→ Main article : Ortschaft Ost

coat of arms

In the Middle Ages, the Lords of Dorstadt were decisive for the place and owned a large part of the village. Dorstadt - today a municipality in the Wolfenbüttel district - has a blue-silver inclined beam in its coat of arms on a red background, which - here horizontally - has been adopted in the shield base . The bar also stands as a symbol for a barrier, because there was a customs post in the village as early as the 16th century.

The golden post horn reminds of the time from 1791, when there was a post office in Immendorf, which was of great importance for the surrounding area.

The coat of arms was unanimously adopted as the local coat of arms on July 7, 2003 by a village committee.

Economy and Infrastructure

In June 1791 the post office, which had been in Barum until then, was relocated to Immendorf. Here you could also change horses. The post office was closed in 1860. A post office was operated in Immendorf from 1885 to 1933. This was reopened in 1938 as a branch post office. At the end of 1997 the post office was closed.

For the development of the postal system in Immendorf see: Postal route Wolfenbüttel – Harzburg .

Companies

In the west, the industrial park Watenstedt-Ost borders the village in which u. a. the IKEA central warehouse, completed in 2000, is located. The flat steel mill of Salzgitter AG is to the northwest . To the south-west are the MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG Salzgitter ( MAN , formerly Büssing ) plant and the rail vehicle manufacturer Alstom / LHB ( Alstom Transport Deutschland , formerly Linke-Hofmann-Busch (LHB) ). In the south lies the Erich Friedrich Hüttenservice und Schlackenverwertung GmbH site . Due to the favorable traffic situation, some craft and industrial companies have settled in the village.

traffic

The Braunschweig – Derneburg railway was opened in 1886, and the Immendorfer train station was inaugurated the following year. The course of the railway line between Drütte and Lichtenberg was re-routed in 1953/54, the Immendorfer station was canceled and replaced by a stop. Since 1984 the RB44 line has only operated between Braunschweig and Salzgitter-Lebenstedt.

The B 248 , which runs from Seesen to Braunschweig, runs through Immendorf ; on the southern outskirts, it crosses the district road 30 / state road 495, which runs from Lebenstedt to Wolfenbüttel (eastern extension of Industriestraße Mitte ). The bus routes from Salzgitter-Bad to Braunschweig and from Salzgitter-Lebenstedt to Wolfenbüttel also cross here.

literature

• Archive of the city of Salzgitter, editorial team Jörg Leuschner, Reinhard Försterling, Sigrid Lux ​​(eds.): Immendorf. Nine centuries of history . braunschweig-druck, Braunschweig 2005, DNB  97640396X .
• Kirstin Casemir: The place names of the Wolfenbüttel district and the city of Salzgitter . Verlag für Regionalgeschichte, 2003, ISBN 3-89534-483-4 , p. 205 .
• Mechthild Wiswe : The field names of the Salzgitter area . Self-published by the Braunschweigisches Geschichtsverein, 1970, p. 481 .
• Gudrun Pischke: Europe works for the Reichswerke . The National Socialist camp system in Salzgitter (=  Salzgitter Research . Volume 2 ). Archives of the city of Salzgitter, Salzgitter 1995, DNB  964471264 .
• Church buildings in Salzgitter . In: Department for Public Relations of the City of Salzgitter (Ed.): Salzgitter Forum . tape 12 , 1986, DNB  880735341 , p. 32 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Chronik Immendorf , p. 11,13
2. ^ Casemir, Place Names , p. 205
3. ^ Wiswe, Flurnamen , p. 469
4. ↑ Department for Economics and Statistics: Statistisches Jahrbuch 2013. Stadt Salzgitter, December 31, 2013, pp. 17-21 , accessed on February 24, 2020 (Land use in Salzgitter by districts / total © Stadt Salzgitter). 
5. ↑ Chronik Immendorf , pp. 82 and 151–152
6. ↑ Chronik Immendorf , p. 80
7. ↑ Gudrun Pischke, Europe works at the Reichswerke , pp. 355–356 (camp HM) and pp. 282–288 (Watenstedt / Leinde concentration camp)
8. ^ Neuengamme Concentration Camp Memorial - Salzgitter-Watenstedt satellite camp
9. ↑ Salzgitter Memorial - Watenstedt / Leinde concentration camp
10. ↑ Chronik Immendorf , pp. 88–93
11. ↑ Gudrun Pischke, Europe works at the Reichswerke , pp. 324–332
12. ↑ Chronik Immendorf , pp. 88–93
13. ^ Gudrun Pischke, Europe works at the Reichswerke , p. 344
14. ^ Department for economics and statistics: Statistical yearbook of the city of Salzgitter. City of Salzgitter, accessed on February 22, 2020 (total number of eligible residents (main and secondary residence) © City of Salzgitter).  
15. ^ Department for Economics and Statistics: Monthly Statistical Reports of the City of Salzgitter. City of Salzgitter, accessed on February 22, 2020 (Population at the location of the main residence © City of Salzgitter). 
16. ^ Parish association Salzgitters Norden is founded , Salzgitter-Zeitung from January 15, 2019
17. ^ Arnold Rabbow: New Braunschweigisches Wappenbuch . Braunschweiger Zeitungsverlag, 2003, ISBN 3-926701-59-5 , p. 36 .

Web links

• Immendorf on the side of the city of Salzgitter