Calbecht

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Calbecht
City of Salzgitter
Salzgitter-Calbecht local coat of arms
Coordinates: 52 ° 5 ′ 31 ″  N , 10 ° 22 ′ 44 ″  E
Height : 121 m
Area : 3.21 km²
Residents : 302  (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 94 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : April 1, 1942
Incorporated into: Watenstedt-Salzgitter
Postal code : 38229
Area code : 05341
map
Location of Calbecht in Salzgitter

Calbecht is one of the total of 31 districts of the independent city of Salzgitter in Lower Saxony , located in the village of West . Calbecht belonged to the Wolfenbüttel district until March 31, 1942 and became part of the city of Watenstedt-Salzgitter through an administrative act on April 1, 1942. On January 23, 1951, it was officially renamed Salzgitter .

history

The first written mention of the place name can be found in a document from King Friedrich I (Barbarossa) dated May 9, 1152. Here it is confirmed that the Georgenbergstift near Goslar bought a mill in Mahner (today: Groß Mahner) from Conrado de Caltbecht . Early place names are Calbechte (1178), Calcbechte or Caltbechte (1179), Calcbechte (1257), Calbichte (1350) and Calbich (1361). In 1548 the current spelling Calbecht is found for the first time .

There is no standard explanation for the interpretation of the base word of the place name. The most likely interpretation is based on the Old Saxon word kalc for lime and could refer to the calcareous rock through which the stream runs near Calbecht. The name component -bech / -bich is traced back to the old Saxon beki for Bach .

Calbecht has belonged to the Duchy of Braunschweig since the 15th century . Initially, Calbecht was assigned to the Lichtenberg court (since 1356). In 1542 the communities Gebhardshagen, Lobmachtersen, Leinde and Calbecht were combined to form the newly formed Gebhardshagen Office.

During the Napoleonic period (1807 to 1813), Calbecht in the Kingdom of Westphalia was part of the Gebhardshagen canton of the Braunschweig district , which was part of the Oker department . After the duchy of Braunschweig was reintroduced in 1814, Calbecht belonged to the Salder district court, later the Salder office, and was incorporated into the Wolfenbüttel district in 1850. Since April 1, 1942, the place has belonged to the newly founded town of Watenstedt-Salzgitter - today's Salzgitter. Within Salzgitters, Calbecht has been part of the West locality together with Engerode, Gebhardshagen and Heerte since the regional reform in 1972.

When the Reichswerke Hermann Göring took over ore mining in 1937 , large areas of arable land were converted into industrial areas for pits and ore mining operations. In the following years, the farmers were compensated with replacement land from the surrounding districts.

After a short break at the end of the war, ore mining was resumed, expanded and continued for a long time. But towards the end of the 1950s, the acceptance conditions for the Salzgitter ores, which were difficult to smelt, got worse and worse. This caused a sustained decline in the prices for Salzgitter ore, which no longer allowed the mines to operate economically. The operation of the pits was given up in 1967 and in 1982 the last wet processing plants at Calbecht were shut down.

The site of the former wet processing plant has been used as an industrial area since the mid-1980s. At the beginning of the 1990s it was decided to use the Erzbergbau AG building for the expansion of the Braunschweig / Wolfenbüttel University of Applied Sciences , which is now the Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences . Today (2018) around 2500 students are enrolled in Calbecht in the fields of transport, sport, tourism and media.

Ore mining Hannoversche Treue

Map of the facilities of the iron ore mine Hannoversche Treue

Between 1830 and 1930 there were numerous small businesses in the area of ​​today's Salzgitter in which the ore was extracted in open-cast mines or tunnels . In the area of ​​the later Hanoverian loyalty, these were the mines Engeröder Eisenstein , Zuversicht , Hinterlist , Hannoversche Loyalty and Crowned Hope . In 1893 the Ilseder Hütte , to which the blast furnace works in Groß Ilsede belonged, became the owner of these mining fields. The open pit mine was closed in 1930, but operations resumed in 1935. In 1936, 100 men transported 75,000 tons here.

As part of the construction of the Hermann Göring Works, the previous owners of ore fields and mining facilities in the Salzgitter area had to transfer these to the Reichswerke on October 1, 1937. First of all, after the takeover, the mining of opencast mining was expanded considerably. In the following year its workforce had increased to 339 men and over 319,000 tons were extracted. The highest conveying capacity in opencast mining was achieved in 1941 with 429,500 tons. The operation of the open pit had to be abandoned in 1948, as the recoverable parts of the deposit had been removed.

Extensive exploratory drilling was started in 1937 in order to extract the ore in civil engineering . In the period from January 1938 (start of preparatory work) to October 1939, four shafts were then sunk :

  • In order to be able to start civil engineering as quickly as possible, the Hannoversche Treue 3 shaft was first sunk in the period from April 1938 to February 1939 on the eastern edge of the open-cast mining area to a height of 279.8 m. Originally this shaft was planned as an auxiliary shaft, but was used as a production shaft until the daytime facilities of shaft 2 were completed. After the dismantling had reached the shaft safety pier , the shaft was no longer used as a production shaft from 1953 and was dropped in February 1958 .
  • Hannoversche Treue 2 was planned as the main shaft and was sunk in the period from March 1938 to October 1939 south of Calbecht to a final depth of 502 m. The completion of the daytime facilities was delayed due to the war, so that production could not start here until the beginning of 1943. In 1952 the shaft was expanded to become the main production shaft.
  • In July 1938, the sinking work on the shafts Hannoversche Treue Nord (on the western outskirts of Engerode) and Hannoversche Treue Süd (at the southern end of the opencast mining area) began. The north shaft was sunk to 263 m by February 1939 and served as a weather shaft. The work on the south shaft was finished in April 1939 at a final depth of 265 m. In 1952/53 the south shaft (now renamed Hannoversche Treue 1 ) was deepened and expanded to become the main cable car shaft.

At the end of the war, the production was stopped and only resumed in spring 1946. For sales reasons, the production rose again only slowly and only reached the level of 1943/44 again in 1950. The highest level of production was reached in 1956 with 1.06 million tons of raw ore and in the following year the mine had the highest workforce with 867 workers. As a result of the growing sales problems for Salzgitter ores, production declined more and more from 1960/61. In addition, mining was hampered by increasing saltwater inflows. Therefore, in November 1966, the closure of the mine was approved and on 27 May 1967, the last left tram the mine. The conveyor systems were torn down, and part of the company building is now used for other purposes.

Up to its closure, 16.5 million tons of iron ore had been extracted from the underground construction of the Hannoversche Treue mine. Added to this are 3.4 million tons that were extracted from the opencast mine between 1937 and 1948. During the entire period of operation, 52 miners died on Hannoversche Treue. Among them were 33 miners who died on July 19, 1960 in a mine fire caused by negligence .

Population development

The first information on the population of Calbecht can be found in a hereditary register from 1548. At that time there were two farms in Calbecht , one half-horse farm and 17 Kothöfe . After the end of the Thirty Years' War it was many years before the number of farms had returned to the old level in 1678. Population figures for Calbecht have only been available since the 18th century. In 1774 95 people lived here in 23 campfire sites, in 1799 there were already 200 inhabitants, this number only changed slightly until 1933.

With the expansion of ore mining by the Reichswerke, more people moved to Calbecht and in 1939 the place had 346 residents. With the influx of refugees and displaced persons in the post-war years, the population reached its maximum in 1950 with 432 residents. At that time there were still 11 farms, which together farmed 221 hectares of land. By the year 2000 the number of farms had fallen to 4, which together managed 229 hectares of arable land. The number of inhabitants then decreased continuously and around 300 people have lived in Calbecht since the late 1980s.

Sources: The population figures from 1821 to 2000 are based on the statistical yearbook of the Department for Economics and Statistics of the city of Salzgitter. The population statistics from 2001 are based on the monthly statistical reports of the city of Salzgitter (residents with main residence) according to the population register at the end of December.

church

Salzgitter-Calbecht Church

The current church building was built in the years 1803-1805, after the old wooden church had to be demolished because of dilapidation. The old church was mentioned for the first time in the already mentioned register of inheritance from 1548, it was an old defense tower to which a nave was later added.

The new church is 50 feet long and 34 feet wide (one Brunswick foot = 28.54 cm). The construction costs amounted to 2750 thalers, the construction manager was the chamber builder Rothermund from Wolfenbüttel. In 1839 the church received an organ, but it did not last long and by 1858 it could no longer be played. The organ was replaced in 1867, and after extensive renovation in 1966, it is still in use today.

In 1890/91 the church received a new tower clock and two new bells. The smaller of the two bells, which were cast by the Radler bell foundry in Hildesheim, still hangs in the church tower today. It weighs 350 kg, has a diameter of 80 cm and is 71.5 cm high. The larger bell had to be handed in to be melted down during the First World War. It was not until September 18, 1961 that the church received a second bell (diameter 0.997 m, weight 613 kg).

In 1568 Duke Julius of Braunschweig finally introduced the Reformation in his country. The area of ​​today's Salzgitter was now part of the three general superintendent's offices Bockenem, Gandersheim and Wolfenbüttel. From now on Calbecht belonged to the special superintendent of Barum within the general superintendent of Wolfenbüttel. After the parish was vacant several times in the following period, it became filia (Latin: daughter) of Gebhardshagen in 1660 and has not had its own pastor since then. Even today (2018) Calbecht is part of the Gebhardshagen parish association. In the summer of 2017, the three parishes of the parish association merged to form the Gebhardshagen-Calbecht-Engerode parish.

politics

Local council

coat of arms

In the middle of the coat of arms flows the Calbechter Bach, which gave the village its name as a "cold" or "lime" brook. The imperial orb next to it reminds us that the oldest court in the town was originally an imperial fiefdom as an accessory to the royal palace in Werla . The green color symbolizes the wooded areas still extensively preserved around Calbecht and agriculture.

The coat of arms was adopted by the citizens' assembly on January 22nd, 1998.

literature

  • Stadtarchiv Salzgitter (ed.): Calbecht - The history of a village in Salzgitter . Braunschweig-Druck, Braunschweig 2002.
  • Reinhard Försterling, Sigrid Lux, Gudrun Pischke: Calbecht, Engerode, Gebhardshagen, Heerte . West town in old views. Archive of the City of Salzgitter, Salzgitter 2003, ISBN 3-930292-15-7 , p. 9-80 (Calbecht).
  • Kirstin Casemir: The place names of the Wolfenbüttel district and the city of Salzgitter . Verlag für Regionalgeschichte, 2003, ISBN 3-89534-483-4 , p. 110 .
  • Mechthild Wiswe : The field names of the Salzgitter area . Self-published by the Braunschweigisches Geschichtsverein, 1970, p. 466 f .
  • Wolfgang Benz (Ed.): Salzgitter. Past and present of a German city 1942–1992 . CH Beck, Munich 1992, ISBN 3-406-35573-0 , p. 574-588 .
  • Four years of the Hermann Göring Works in Salzgitter 1938–1941 . Melchior, Wolfenbüttel 2009, ISBN 978-3-941555-06-8 , pp. 28–57 (reprint of the 1941 anniversary edition).
  • Archive of the city of Salzgitter, editors: Heinrich Korthöber, Jörg Leuschner, Reinhard Försterling and Sigrid Lux ​​(eds.): Mining in Salzgitter. The history of mining and the life of miners from the beginning to the present . Salzgitter 1997, ISBN 3-930292-05-X , p. 161–181 (Contributions to City History, Volume 13).
  • Heinz Kolbe: The history of iron ore mining in Salzgitter: ore area Hannoversche Treue between Salzgitter-Bad and SZ-Engerode / Calbecht . In: Geschichtsverein Salzgitter eV (Ed.): Salzgitter yearbook 1983 . tape 5 . Salzgitter 1983, p. 39-49 .
  • Literature on Calbecht catalog of the DNB

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wiswe, Flurnamen , p. 466f
  2. ↑ Casemir, Place Names , p. 110
  3. ↑ Calbecht University of Applied Sciences. City of Salzgitter, accessed on February 25, 2020 .
  4. ↑ Salzgitter 1942–1992 , pp. 578ff
  5. ↑ 1983 Yearbook , p. 40
  6. ^ Mining in Salzgitter . The history of mining and the life of miners from the beginning to the present. In: Office for History, Culture and Homeland Preservation of the City of Salzgitter (Ed.): Contributions to City History . 1st edition. tape 13 . Appelhans, Salzgitter 1997, ISBN 3-930292-05-X , chap. 20 , p. 171 ff .
  7. ^ Village history Calbecht , pp. 175–178 and 249–252
  8. ^ Mining in Salzgitter . The history of mining and the life of miners from the beginning to the present. In: Office for History, Culture and Homeland Preservation of the City of Salzgitter (Ed.): Contributions to City History . 1st edition. tape 13 . Appelhans, Salzgitter 1997, ISBN 3-930292-05-X , chap. 20 , p. 176, 346 .
  9. ↑ Calbecht village history , pp. 57–60
  10. ↑ a b Department for Economics and Statistics: Statistical Yearbook of the City of Salzgitter. City of Salzgitter, accessed on February 22, 2020 (total number of eligible residents (main and secondary residence) © City of Salzgitter).
  11. ^ Department for Economics and Statistics: Monthly Statistical Reports of the City of Salzgitter. City of Salzgitter, accessed on February 22, 2020 (Population at the location of the main residence © City of Salzgitter).
  12. ↑ Calbecht village history , pp. 127–139
  13. ↑ Salzgitter-Zeitung from January 15, 2018
  14. ^ Arnold Rabbow: New Braunschweigisches Wappenbuch . Braunschweiger Zeitungsverlag, 2003, ISBN 3-926701-59-5 , p. 34 .